2019MAINE KIDS COUNT
2019MAINE KIDS COUNTMaine’s only comprehensive report of the physical, social,economic and educational well-being of Maine children
Maine Children’s AllianceMIKE CORMIER, BOARD TREASURERSTAFFMARGARET LEITCH COPELAND, BOARD CHAIRExecutive DirectorCHRISTY DAGGETTDirector of Finance and AdministrationEducational Consultant and RetiredSuperintendentBOARD OF DIRECTORSEarly Care and Education ConsultantChief Financial and Administrative OfficerAroostook Mental Health CenterPAM DAY, BOARD VICE CHAIRRetired Child Welfare ProfessionalJUDITH FEINSTEINDental Public Health ConsultantMATT HOWARD, BOARD SECRETARYSpecial Education Social WorkerMt Ararat Middle School/SAD 75CLAIRE BERKOWITZBONNIE COLFERRITA FURLOWSenior Policy AnalystMELISSA HACKETTCommunications and Outreach AssociateHELEN HEMMINGERResearch and KIDS Count AssociateSARAH SWIFTPolicy and Development CoordinatorRANDAL RUCKERRetired CEOFamily Services of Greater BostonMARK SHIBLESDean EmeritusSchool of Education, UConnC. SHAWN YARDLEYCEOCommunity Concepts25 Years: 1994-2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS // 2019INTRODUCTION3 What is Maine KIDS COUNT?STATE-WIDE DASHBOARD4 A Hypothetical ClassroomSTATE-WIDE INDICATORSPhysical and Mental Health6A Healthy Start7 Mortality8 Infant/Toddler Health9 Teen Pregnancy9 Child Welfare11 Children in State Care13 Healthcare Coverage13 Health Insurance14 Physical Health14 Mental Health16 Teen Suicide18 Adolescent Health and Safety19 Alcohol, Tobacco & Marijuana20 Crime/Juvenile JusticeSocial and Economic Status222224252626HousingPovertyLiving wage by Family TypeIncome and EmploymentIncome SupportsFamily Economic SecurityEducation and Learning28Early Learning and DevelopmentPrograms2930313334Reading and Math ProficiencyAcademic AchievementSpecial EducationHigh School CompletionYouth and Young AdultsCOUNTY-WIDE INDICATORS36Counties at a GlanceDEFINITIONS AND SOURCES OF DATA384346Physical and Mental HealthSocial and Economic StatusEducation and LearningThis research was funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. We thank them for their support butacknowledge that the findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the Maine Children’sAlliance alone, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Foundation.MAINE KIDS COUNT // 20191
IntroductionThe Maine KIDS COUNT Data Book is the most comprehensivecollection of data regarding children in Maine.For 25 years the Maine Children’s Alliance has been working to improve the lives of Maine’s children, youthand families, through research, collaboration and advocacy.The Maine KIDS COUNT Data Book presents indicatorsspanning every stage of a child’s life, including every aspectof a child’s development, from health and education toeconomic circumstance. When confronted with such a widevariety and amount of data, it is often difficult to rememberthat these numbers and rates represent real children - ourchildren. But we know that by understanding the data andmaking informed decisions in response to it, we can helpchildren reach their full potential. This book provides asnapshot of how policies and practices in Maine are workingfor children and families. It also reflects the strengths of thesechildren and families, and the many barriers to success theyface.After 25 years of tracking data related to the well-being ofchildren, we can look back and see where we have madeprogress. For example, in 2017, the percentage of adults ages25 and over who have at least a high school degree was 93.2%,compared to 84.3% in 1994. This success is a combination ofimproved policies and practices in our schools, coupled withefforts in communities to support students who are at risk fornot graduating.expansion, we expect to see improvement in women’s accessto preventive services, including prenatal care. With improvedhealth coverage, coupled with a new, strong focus on Maine’ssubstance use crisis, we expect to see improvement in thesefigures in the future.Since the publication of the first Maine KIDS COUNT Data Bookin 1994, we have followed trends over time in children’s healthand well-being. One thing is certain: when parents, providers,and policy makers use data to make informed decisions andprioritize investments in Maine kids, the lives of those childrenand their families are improved, both in the present and intheir future success. As a community of Mainers, we all benefitwhen our kids are given the resources to thrive, so we mustall make it a priority to keep working together to ensure itremains a priority in public policy and funding.Claire Berkowitz, Executive DirectorBut in this year’s report there are still areas of great concern,starting with data related to our youngest citizens. Withan aging population, and fewer babies born each year inMaine, getting infants off to a good start is critical for Maine’sfuture success. With Maine’s high infant mortality rate (6.3infant deaths per 1,000 births) and approximately one intwelve babies born drug-affected, it is clear we must domore to ensure our babies are born healthy. With Medicaid2MAINE KIDS COUNT // 2019
What is Maine KIDS COUNT?Maine KIDS COUNT, a project of the Maine Children’s Alliance, ispart of the national KIDS COUNT network, a state-by-state effortfunded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) to track thestatus of children across the United States. Since 1994, the MaineKIDS COUNT project has published Maine KIDS COUNT productsusing the most recent data available on the well-being ofchildren in the areas of physical and emotional health, social andeconomic status, and child care and education. The indicatorsfor this data book have all met the following criteria for inclusion:The Annie E. Casey Foundation has an extensive KIDS COUNTData Center (http://datacenter.kidscount.org) which providesaccess to hundreds of measures of child well-being. Visitorscan find indicators on such topics as education, employmentand income, health, poverty and youth risk factors. Each stateKIDS COUNT grantee provides community level information inthe Data Center. Maine’s site (http://datacenter.kidscount.org/ME) provides county-level data on most of the indicators fromthe Maine KIDS COUNT data book, as well as some additionalindicators. These indicators can be either be downloaded toExcel files or displayed as graphs, maps and rankings. Further, thisinformation can be easily shared as images on a web site or blog,posted on social networking sites, or emailed as an attachment.The Data Center offers multiple ways to customize and shareinformation, including a mobile site that you can access on thego (mobile.kidscount.org). With a few keystrokes or clicks of amouse, advocates, journalists, policymakers, practitioners, andall concerned citizens can find data for planning, preparingreports, crafting policies, or identifying and addressing needs intheir communities.ŰŰThe indicator must be from a reliable sourceŰŰThe indicator must be available and consistent over timeŰŰThe indicator must be easily understandable to the publicŰŰThe indicator must reflect an important outcome or measureof children’s well-beingŰŰThe indicators, as a group, should represent children of allagesHow to use this bookIn order to assess our present standing and to evaluateour progress over time, it is essential to understand what isbeing measured and how. The DEFINITIONS AND SOURCESOF DATA section, in the back of the book, provides acomprehensive definition of each indicator, an explanation ofhow and by whom it is collected and measured, as well as webaddresses with direct links to data and data sources. Someof the data presented are from several years earlier, as thoseindicators require a longer time to compile. Furthermore, fromtime to time, various reporting agencies change how theycollect, analyze and/or report their various indicators. We notethose changes where appropriate.For every indicator in the book we report a current percentageor rate, a previous percentage or rate, and whenever available,a number.* When a number or rate is not available or notapplicable, N/A is used. It is essential to present the indicatorsas percents or rates in order to enable comparison betweengroups of different population size (i.e. different counties).Calculating RatesPercentages and rates are measures of the probability of anevent. They both take into account the total population ofchildren who could experience that event. Whenever possible,the denominator (the population that could experience theevent) corresponds to the year for which the event is reported;but when that is not possible, we use the most recent year forwhich population data are available. Rates that include a “%”sign are percents, or rates per 100 events. Other rates areexpressed per 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 events. The genericformula for calculating rates or percents below on the left.For example, in 2017 there were 4,718 adolescents ages 15-19served in the Maine family planning system. According to thestate population estimates, there were 79,404 adolescents ages15-19 in Maine. This translates to a rate of 59.4 adolescentsserved in the Maine family planning system for every 1,000adolescents ages 15-19. This rate is calculated now as illustratedbelow right.(number of occurrences) x (base rate)(4,719 adolescents served in the Maine family planning system x (1000)population79,404 adolescents ages 15-19MAINE KIDS COUNT // 2019 Rate of 59.4per 1,0003
STATEWIDE DASHBOARDWith the right resources, opportunity and support, Maine’s children can thriveA Hypothetical Classroom of 25 First Graders in Maine11Qualify for free or reduced school meals25Were born drug exposed/affectedReceive specialeducation services53Are non-whiteor are Hispanic48Live in povertyLive with a familymember who smokesLive in a single-parent home1Will speak a languageother than English at home6Have experienced 2 ormore adverse childhoodexperiences (ACES)1 child in every 4 classroomsHas or will experience child abuse this yearAnniversary Indicators: Making progress with 25 Years of KIDS COUNT4ŰŰTeen Births: The five-year annual average for births tosingle teen mothers (under age 20) in Maine was 834 birthsfor 1988-1992, compared to 186 births for 2013-2017 - asignificant reduction of 78 percent.ŰŰHigh School Graduation: Gains have been made over timein rates of high school completion in Maine. In 2017, the rateof people ages 25 and over who have at least a high schooldegree was 93.2%, compared to 84.3% in 1994.ŰŰHealth Care: In Maine, the percent of children withouthealth insurance coverage for 1989-1993 was 8.7, comparedto the national rate of 12.6. Today, those rates have fallen to4.8 percent in Maine, and 5 percent nationally.ŰŰArrests of Juveniles: The rate of arrests for juveniles in1997 was 81.1 per 1,000 youth ages 10-17. As of 2017, thatfigure was down to 25.5 per 1,000 youth. This is a reduction of69%, or for every 3 youth that were arrested in 1994, only 1would be arrested in 2017.MAINE KIDS COUNT // 2019
STATEWIDE DASHBOARDPositive TrendsAreas for ConcernŰŰReading to Young Children: An estimated 55 percent ofMaine children ages 0-5 are read to every day. Maine waswell above the national rate of 34 percent and ranked secondin the nation for this indicator according to the 2016-2017National Child Health Survey.ŰŰChild Poverty: Between 2016 and 2017, the child povertyrate in Maine decreased significantly, from 16.7 to 14.2percent for children under age 18, resulting in 6,400 fewerchildren living in poverty. The 2017 child poverty rate inMaine was the lowest it has been since 2005.ŰŰTeen Pregnancy: The number of young teen pregnancieshas fallen by 62 percent since 2008, from 445 pregnancies in2007 to 170 pregnancies in 2017, for teens ages 10-17.ŰŰ Juveniles in Detention Facilities: The number ofincarcerated youth has dropped from 300 in the year 2000to 39, as of the last day of 2018. This was a substantial dropof 87%.ŰŰBabies Born Drug Exposed/Affected: In 2017, 952 babieswere born drug-affected in Maine (7.8 percent) or 1 in 12babies born. That number increased each year from 20122016. It reached a high of 1,024 in 2016.ŰŰChild Welfare: The number of children in foster carewaiting to be adopted at the end of the year was 576, upfrom 480 in 2012 – a 20 percent increase. Additionally, thepercentage of children removed from their homes andthen reunified has gone down from 53 percent in 2013 to41 percent in 2016. As of 2016, there were more adoptionsthan reunifications.ŰŰTeen Suicide: In Maine, the child and teen suicide rate hasrisen from 5.3 to 8.1 per 100,000 deaths, comparing 5-yearannual averages 2008-2012 with 2013-2017. This was a 50percent increase in the child and teen suicide rate. Maine’srate was well above the 2016 national rate of 5.5 per 100,000teenagers.FAMILY & COMMUNITY STRENGTHSStateNumberCurrent Rateor PercentNational Rateor PercentMaine’sRankingChildren, ages 0 -5, are read to every day by a family member47,93855.4%38.0%2Child sleeps recommended, age appropriate, number of hours48,82275.6%65.0%1Children, ages 0-5, are sung to and told stories every day50,04957.8%47.8%3On an average weekday, time on devices is 1 hour or less, doing thingsother than school work, ages 12-179,40811.2%8.0%4On an average weekday, amount of time spent watching TV or playingvideo games or watching videos is 1 hour or less, ages 12-1715,79318.7%16.0%5Other than adults in a child’s home, there is at least one other adult in thischild’s school, neighborhood, or community who knows this child well andwho he or she can rely on for advice or guidance, ages 6-17 years155,42696.2%89.3%1Parents feel supported and there is someone that they could turn to forday-to-day emotional support with parenting or raising children216,25286.1%75.7%3Children who received mental health treatment or counseling in last 12months, ages 3-1734,02916.2%9.8%1Source: National Child Health Survey 2016-2017 compared to previous survey of 2011-2012MAINE KIDS COUNT // 20195
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH // 2019Healthy, hunger-free Maine children grow up to become healthy, capable Maine adultsA Healthy StartWith an aging population, and fewer babies born each yearin Maine, getting infants off to a good start is critical forMaine’s future success. Both Maine’s high infant mortalityrate and high rate of babies born drug-affected are ofgreat concern. Access to prenatal care, evidence-basedprograms that support new parents in the home, and earlyintervention services for infants with special needs are allcritical to helping babies have a healthy start.Home Visiting: Unfortunately, most parents in Maine arenot accessing this important free support service. In federalfiscal year 2017, only 8.5 percent of parents with a childunder age 2 had at least one home visit from the MaineFamilies Home Visiting Program. We can do more to expandaccess to this program and to similar programs offered byHead Start and public health nurses. These critical servicesprovide support to new parents, educating them about theimportance of positive interactions with their children. Thisleads to strong bonds between children and their parents,resulting in improved educational, health and well-beingoutcomes for children.1Babies born drug exposed/affected: In each of the last5 years, approximately one in twelve babies in Maine wasborn drug-affected. This means that while the mother waspregnant, she was either being treated for substance usedisorder using medication assistance and that medicationwas passed on to the baby; or that the mother wasactively abusing alcohol or drugs. Some children born drugexposed/affected receive medicated assisted treatmentto wean off the drug, while others are monitored for atime at the hospital. According to the State’s Report onSubstance Abuse in Maine, 2018, “Substance use duringpregnancy can cause a host of short-term and long-termdevelopmental delays to the fetus and child.”Infant mortality: Maine once led the country with lowrates of infant mortality, but in recent years that numberhas risen to a high of 6.7 per 1,000 babies born in the 5-yearperiod 2011-2015. While the mortality rate has declined inthe last two periods, Maine’s rate is now at 6.3, which is stillabove the national rate of 5.9 per 1,000 births. The highinfant mortality rates in Maine point to larger problemswith access to health care, as well as issues in substance use6disorder, depression and poverty. Maine data also revealsracial disparities in rates of infant mortality that mirrornational trends, reflecting systemic inequality and greaterpoverty rates among non-whites nationally, as well as inMaine.2Prenatal care: Another concerning indicator withdisparities by race is mothers receiving prenatal care.African American women in Maine are less likely to benefitfrom prenatal care in the first trimester compared to Whitewomen: 75 percent vs. 91 percent. In 2016, 58 AfricanAmerican women and 330 Non-Hispanic White womenin Maine reported they had no prenatal care until their3rd trimester.3 Early prenatal care can provide necessaryinformation regarding physical and behavioral risk factorsaffecting both mother and baby. Health care policy andquality improvement efforts should aim to broaden accessand elevate the quality of obstetrical care available to allwomen, across race and income.Early Intervention Services for infants withdevelopmental delays: In Maine, too many childrenstart early intervention services closer to age three thanthe recommended age of under age one. Maine ranks50th in the nation for the rate of infants provided withearly intervention services for developmental delays. Just249 Maine children were identified and started servicesprior to their first birthday in 2017.4 Early intervention canhelp affected children make progress toward achievementof age-appropriate developmental milestones, be moreprepared for kindergarten and beyond, have more positiveinteractions with their peers, and reduce the need forservices during their school years.51. Ready Nation, Council for a Strong America, The Case for Home Visitinginfographic. 2017. evisiting-infographic2. Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center, Infant mortality by t-mortality-by-race3. Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center, Births to womenreceiving late or no prenatal care by race and ethnicity eand-ethnicity4. Maine Department of Education, Child Development Services, 20175. The Early Learning Institute, The Top Five Benefits of Early Intervention. ion/MAINE KIDS COUNT // 2019
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTHNUMBER OF BABIES BORN DRUG EXPOSED/AFFECTEDPREGNANT TREATMENT ADMISSIONS, BYPRIMARY 9619271,0131,024Medication AssistedTreatment: /MorphineOther Opiates ck2017Source: Maine Office of Child and Family Services, (OCFS) of the MaineDepartment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)9%AlcoholSource: Substance Abuse Trends in Maine, State Epidemiological Profile 2017MAINE INFANT 25541999-2003 2000-2004 2001-2005 2002-2006 2003-2007 2004-2008 2005-2009 2006-2010 2007-2011 2008-2012 2009-2013 2010-2014 2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017Source: Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Data, Research and Vital StatisticsMORTALITY%32Infant mortality (rate per 1,000 live births), 2013-2017 annual averageMaine Infant MortalityChild deaths (rate per 10,000 children ages 1-14), 2013-2017 annualaverageTeen deaths (rate per 10,000 children ages 15-19), 2013-2017 annualaverageStateNumberCurrent Rateor PercentPrevious Rateor PercentNational Rateor Percent*806.36.65.9311.51.51.6374.54.64.7* Note: US is 5
National Child Health Survey. Ű Child Poverty: Between 2016 and 2017, the child poverty rate in Maine decreased significantly, from 16.7 to 14.2 percent for children under age 18, resulting in 6,400 fewer children living in poverty. The 2017 child poverty rate in Maine was the lowest it has been since 2005.
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