PIANC - World Port Sustainability Program
PIANC‘Setting the Course’Report n 150 - 2014‘Sustainable Ports’A Guide for Port AuthoritiesThe World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure
PIANC‘Setting the course’PIANC REPORT N 150ENVIRONMENTAL NAVIGATION COMMISSION‘Sustainable Ports’A Guide for Port Authorities2014
PIANC has Technical Commissions concerned with inland waterways and ports (InCom),coastal and ocean waterways (including ports and harbours) (MarCom), environmentalaspects (EnviCom) and sport and pleasure navigation (RecCom).This Report has been produced by an international Working Group convened by the Environmental Commission (EnviCom). Members of the Working Group represent severalcountries and are acknowledged experts in their profession.The objective of this report is to provide information and recommendations on goodpractice. Conformity is not obligatory and engineering judgement should be used in itsapplication, especially in special circumstances. This report should be seen as an expertguidance and state of the art on this particular subject. PIANC disclaims all responsibilityin case this report should be presented as an official standard.PIANC Secrétariat GénéralBoulevard du Roi Albert II 20, B 3B-1000 BruxellesBelgiquehttp://www.pianc.orgVAT BE 408-287-945ISBN 978-2-87223-218-5 All rights reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface . 3Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations. 41.Introduction . 81.1.Focus . 81.2.Scope and Purpose . 81.3.Background and Green Growth Initiative . 91.4.Target Audience .101.5.Alignment with Global Initiatives .101.6.The Green Port as a Strategic Choice .111.7.Definition of a Sustainable Port .121.8.Report Structure .121.9.Related PIANC Reports .121.10.Working Group Members .132.Roles of the Port Authorities .143.Environmental and Sustainability Issues in Ports and Related Logistic Chains .163.1.Land Use Planning.173.1.1.Challenges.173.1.2.Issues .173.1.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .183.1.4.Response Options .183.2.Modalities and Connectivity.213.2.1.Challenges.213.2.2.Issues .213.2.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .213.2.4.Response Options .213.3.Air Quality .233.3.1.Challenges.233.3.2.Issues .233.3.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .243.3.4.Response Options .243.4.Surface Water and Sediment Quality.273.4.1.Challenges.273.4.2.Issues .273.4.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .283.4.4.Response Options .283.5.Soil and Groundwater Quality.303.5.1.Challenges.303.5.2.Issues .313.5.3.Perspective of Port Authority .313.5.4.Response Options .313.6.Dredging Impacts.323.6.1.Challenges.323.6.2.Issues .323.6.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .323.6.4.Response Options .333.7.Sound/Noise Impacts .363.7.1.Challenges.363.7.2.Issues .383.7.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .383.7.4.Response Options (Implementation) .383.8.Energy and Climate Change Mitigation .383.8.1.Challenges.383.8.2.Issues .393.8.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .393.8.4.Response Options .403.9.Climate Adaptation.423.9.1.Challenges.421
3.9.2.Issues .423.9.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .423.9.4.Response Options .433.10.Habitat and Species Management Health.433.10.1.Challenges .433.10.2.Issues .433.10.3.Perspective of the Port.443.10.4.Response Options .443.11.Landscape Management and Quality of Life.473.11.1.Challenges .473.11.2.Issues .473.11.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .473.11.4.Response Options .483.12.Ship Related Waste Management .503.12.1.Challenges .503.12.2.Issues .513.12.3.Perspective of the Port Authority .513.12.4.Response Options .513.13.Sustainable Resource Management .523.13.1.Challenges .523.13.2.Perspective of the Port Authority .523.13.3.Issues .523.13.4.Response Options .534.Institutional and Social Aspects (Port Governance) .534.1.Governance at all Levels.534.2.Legal Framework .544.3.CSR and Stakeholder Participation .544.4.Stakeholders.554.4.1.Public Authorities .554.4.2.Port Authorities .554.4.3.Technical Experts .554.4.4.Contractors .564.4.5.Financiers .564.4.6.Shipping Companies .564.4.7.Shippers .564.4.8.NGO’s.574.4.9.Others.574.5.Reporting .574.6.Environmental Management Systems and Certification .594.7.Environmental Permits .602
PREFACEIncreasing environmental awareness creates new challenges for the development of ports. In addition,climate change calls for adaptation measures that aim at minimising impacts of e.g. rising sea levels andincreased flood water heights but safeguard accessibility of ports and waterways and also safeguardfuture sustainability for the social and natural environmental conditions. International and nationallegislation for new ports or extensions of existing ports are incorporating these issues and areincreasingly based on strict regulations aiming at creating designs with minimised environmental impactand sustainable operations in the long-term. The regulations are enforced through a system of permits inwhich certain construction and operation methods are predefined including (large-scale) mitigation andcompensation measures. In many cases, the environmental issues and (long-term) impacts of portconstruction and operation are unknown during the planning and design stages of the port. Assumptionsmay be made on the basis of worst case scenarios, leading to associated mitigation measures.Furthermore, proposed environmental and sustainability measures in the various planning studies andprovided permits are new and have not been tested to their full potential nor is their effectivenessmonitored in the field. In developing countries not the regulations may be driving the change. But also thePort Authorities in their responsibility for development and improvement may be in need of guidance onsustainability issuesGreen Ports are widely regarded as ‘the answer’ to the above mentioned challenges. However, there isno clear and comprehensive description of what a Green Port actually is. Environmental Issues of Portshave been studied in great detail before, but there is a need for a step forward towards an integratedapproach in which all separate measures, including climate change adaptation and mitigation measures,are merged into the concept of a single package: the Green Port. With a focus on seaports this reportpresents, through collection of existing views and global trends, a comprehensive definition of what aGreen Port actually is and how it relates to its stakeholders. Its basic philosophy is that green growth isseen as a prime economic driver. When applying this mind shift to port development and port operation,green ports have a better and more sustainable future than ports that manage their business in astruggle to meet existing regulations and that continuously need to defend their license to operate. Thereport gives guidance on the need for and how to adopt the green ports philosophy and refers to bestpractices of ‘climate change mitigation and adaptation’ and ‘environmentally friendly and sustainabilityissues’ from existing ports and their effectiveness and economic potential to be used as examples forother ports.I hope that the report truly will inspire port managers worldwide and that it will make a change thatcontributes to the well-being of the individual ports as well as the regions and the logistic chains that theyserve.Tiedo VellingaProfessor Ports and Waterways, TU DelftChairman PIANC Working Group 150PIANCPIANC has been experiencing many works in the past more or less related to sustainability issues inwaterborne infrastructure, even if it is right to say that the recent OECD’s report ‘Towards Green Growth’sheds new light about the need of a more global and dynamic approach.Life cycle management of port structures, sustainable navigation and dredging practices for theenvironment are already achieved PIANC publications, which provide nice examples of that statement.On the other hand, PIANC has emphasised with strength the need to develop a ‘Working with Naturephilosophy’ of designing and operating new waterborne infrastructure and has launched other topicsrelated to port Master planning, to energy issues such as ‘renewable energy in ports’ or ‘LNG and LNGbunkering facilities in ports’.Time has come for PIANC to combine all those separated efforts in the port sector and have they linkedto the international initiatives of our sister association IAPH, declined under the name ‘World Port ClimateInitiative’ or with the ESPO’s green guide recommendations.3
In that extent, this new guide tries to increase the awareness about sustainability issues in ports and willhelp the Port Authorities to better face the challenge of becoming sustainable ports with many practicalsolutions (for which we can thank all contributors). This report will probably be followed by many otherPIANC publications since the questions related to climate change adaptation, to sustainable planningand to new acceptability of the port development for the surrounding towns or riparian inhabitants requirealways more and more attention and will pave the way towards new innovative solutions.Geoffroy CaudePresident of PIANCIAPHAs President of the International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH), I am proud to participate inthe development of Sustainable Ports. Ports around the world are recognising the benefits of a ‘GreenPort’ philosophy, an approach in which ports drive economic growth while acting responsibly to reduce ormitigate their impact on the environment.IAPH is fully committed to such a philosophy and to leading the way in sustainable practices, includingpromoting cleaner technologies and reducing air emissions. Sustainable Ports is a landmark step incontinuing progress towards more environmentally friendly transportation operations internationally, onethat we at the IAPH hope will allow all ports to realise their full economic potential in the most sociallyresponsible and sustainable manner possible.Sincerely,Grant GilfillanPresident of the International Association of Ports & Harbours (IAPH)SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSSummaryPorts are nodal points or hubs in the transport network whose industrial and business areas add value tothe transported goods. This report written by a world-wide group of PIANC and IAPH members has itsfocus on the sustainable development and green growth of ports and the related logistic chain and addedvalue activities.In its pursuit towards global prosperity, human civilisation has been shaped by several majortransformations. These transformations, however, had major consequences. The conclusion of the report‘Limits of Growth’, published by the Club of Rome in 1972, could be the first formal reference to theglobal needs toward sustainable practices.Today, the idea of sustainability is generally accepted to cover much more than strictly environmentalissues. The Triple Bottom Line (
practices of ‘climate change mitigation and adaptation’ and ‘environmentally friendly and sustainability issues’ from existing ports and their effectiveness and economic potential to be used as examples for other ports. I hope that the report truly will inspire port managers worldwide and that it will make a change that
Doosan Heavy Ind. DP World Cochin JNPT Port of Dubai Port of El Callao Port of Everglades Evergreen Fantuzzi-Reggiane Port of Felixstowe Fels crane FMC Technologies Port of Gioia Tauro Port of Gothenburg Port of Guanghzou Port of Hamburg Port of Heidland Port of Helsinki Port of Ho Ci Minh
NxM ("N by M") switch ! Often N M ! Goals " High throughput ! Best is MIN(sum of inputs, sum of outputs) " Avoid contention " Good scalability ! Linear size/cost growth Input Port Input Port Input Port Input Port Input Port Input Port Output Port Output Port Output Port Output Port Output Port Output Port Switch Fabric
Port of Savannah Port of Jacksonville Port Everglades Port of Miami Port of Tampa Port of Mobile Port of Gulfport Port of New Orleans Port of South Louisiana Panama Canal Port Canaveral. New Orleans. Once 2014 rolls around, however, and the Panama . Canal opens to the post-Panamax ships, the definition of
PUBLIC PORT FINANCE SURVEY FOR FY 2006 39 PARTICIPATING PORTS NORTH & SOUTH ATLANTIC Maryland Port Administration (Baltimore) Massachusetts Port Authority (Boston) Philadelphia Regional Port Authority (PA) Port of Richmond (VA) Port of Wilmington (DE) Canaveral Port Authority (FL) Port Everglades (FL) Port of Miami (FL) North Carolina State Ports Authority
Port Canaveral While its sister port in Miami might get the notoriety as the world's largest cruise port, Port Canaveral near Orlando is no slouch. Despite maybe not being at the first port on the list when many people think of cruising, Port Canaveral sees 4.5 million passengers each year, making it the second-busiest cruise port in the world.
1.3. Why Develop a Sustainability Plan? 5 1.4. Relationship to Other ICLEI Tools and Programs 6 1.5. Lessons Learned from NYC 7 2. Scope of a Sustainability Plan 8 2.1. Sustainability Plans vs. Climate Action Plans 8 2.2. Typical Elements of a Sustainability Plan 10 3. Overview of the Five Milestones for Sustainability 11 4. Forming a Team 16
The Office of Sustainability used UC Berkeley's inventory of sustainability courses as the baseline of which courses to map by UN SDG. The courses on the sustainability course inventory are from 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 school years. UC Berkeley's sustainability course list was developed for the Sustainability, Tracking,
organization behaviour varies from one organization to another, its usefulness is universal. organizational Behaviour is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. II. Meaning OB is a field of study .
