L L E T I - FWS
uR s storingand endangeredthreatenedplants andanimals to a secure status isone of the main goals of theendangeredU.S. DEPARTMENT O F THE INTERIOR1995isseldom an easy process. ItFISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICEVOL. X X NO.program.Unfortunately, recoveryL L E T IJULY/AUGUSTspecies4may involveextensiveresearch, habitatprotectionor restoration, closenation amongcoordi-agenciesand landowners,captivepropagationrelease,andcontrol of harmfulspecies, and anon-nativeconsiderableamount of time.Nearly 40 percent oflistedU.S. plants and animals arestable or improving in status.This progress is the result ofhard work by State and Federal esses,andconcernedcitizens. This edition of theBulletin highlightssuccessesrecentin the continuingeffort to restore balancewildlife and its habitat.to
1IIfW A S H I N G T O N P.C. OFFICEWashington,D.C.20240Mollie Beattie, DirectorJamie Rappaport Ciari , Assistant Director for Ecological ServicesREGION ONEEastsideFederalComplex.911 N.S.llthE. La\'eme Smith, Chief. Division of Endanfiered SpeciesJennifer Heck, Acting Chief. Branch of Information ManagementRenne Lohoefener, Chief Branch of Listing & Candidate AssessmentWilliam R. Kramer, Acting Chief Branch of Recovery cJir ConsultationAve, PorthindArizona.P.O.New Mexico.REGION NM 871031875CenturyFt. E.DenverTudorMN 55111FederalRd.,GA 30345MA rage.DenverCO 8022599503Species(303)236-7920Ralph O. Morgenweck, RegionalDirectorPaul Gertler, A.s.sy,sta/it RegionalDirectorLurry Shank.s, Chief Division of EndangeredAKSpecies(413)253-8659Ronald E. Lambertson, RegionalDirectorRalph Pi,sapia, Assistant RegionalDirectorPaul Nickenson, Chief Division of EndangeredColorado, Kan.sa.s. Montana. Nehra.'ika. NorthDakota. South Dakota. Utah, andWyomingREGION(505)766-2321.Noreen Clough, RegionalDirectorSam Hamilton, Ass/sta/i( RegionalDirectorDavid Flemming, Chief Divi.sion of EndangeredConnecticut.Delaware. District ofColumbia.Maine. .Maryland. .Massachu.setts. NewHampshire.New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,Vermont. Virginia, and West VirginiaR E G I O N SIXSpeciesWilliam Hartwig, RegionalDirectorJohn Blankenship, A.s.slsfant RegionalDirectorBob Adair, Chief Division of EndangeredSpeciesAlabama. Arkansas, Louisiana. Georgia.Kentucky,Mississippi. NorthCarolina. South Carolina. Florida.Tennessee. Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin IslandsREGION FIVE(503)231-6118Nancy Katifman, RegionalDirectorJames A. Young, Assistant RegionalDirectorSu.san MacMullin, Chief. Division of EndangeredTexasIllinois, Indiana. Iowa.Michigan.Minnesota. Mis.souri. Ohio, andWisconsinREGION FOUROR 97232Michael J, Spear, RegionalDirectorDale Hall, A.ssistant RegionalDirectorCindy Barry, Chief Division of EndangeredCalifornia. Hawaii. Idaho. Nevada.Oregon,Washington.American Samoa.Commonwealthof the Northern Mariana Islands,Guam and the Pacific Trust TerritoriesREGION TWO1Species(907)786-3542Dave Allen, RegionalDirectorJanet Hohn, Assistant RegionalDirectorJon Nickles, Chief Division of EndangeredSpecies(202)208-2171(703)3 8-2390(703)3''S-2105(703)3?8-2106
I N4T H I I S S U EYellowstoneWolvesBearPupsL E T I :R9FWE DES.BIM@mail.fws.govhttp://www.fws.gov8fj. .»» 'EditorMichael BenderAssociateEditorJennifer HeckArtDirectorLorraine MillerContributorsMarie M, BruegmannDaniel R. TardonaMichelle Reynolds, Tom Snetsinger,and Thane PrattSarah E. RinkevichHugh VickeryHans StuartWilliam E. Lehmanphotoby TomUrbanThe Endangered Species Bulletin welcomes manuscripts on a wide range of topics relatedto endangered species. We are particularly interested in news about recovery,interagencyconsultation,habitat conservationplans, and cooperativeventures. Please contact theEditor before preparing a manuscript.We cannot guaranteepublication.The Fish and Wildlife Service distributes the Bulletin primarily to Federal and State agenciesand official contacts of the Endangered Species Program. It also is reprinted by the Universityof Michigan as part of its own publication, the Endangered Species UPDATE. To subscribe,write the Endangered Species UPDATE, School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan.Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1115: or call313/763-3243.QPrinted with vegetable-basedink on recycled and recyclable paper. If you do notkeep back issues, please recycle the paper, pass them along to an interestedperson,or donate them to a local school or library.Anastasia Island'sEndangered MouserP AplomadoFalconsNest inTexas1012On the CoverRecovery of the aplomado falcontook a promising turn this year withthe first chick born in the UnitedStates in over 40 years. The photo tothe left shows an adult bird.Protecting Habitat forSilversword Recovery1415Endangered BirdsFound on Mau\Mexican Spotted OwlDraft Recovery PlanProtecting theWhite Sands PupfishBack From the Brink16 Relief for Private Landowners19Soaring toRecovery23Science Panel ReleasesReport on ESADepartments20 Regional News21 Recovery Updates22 Listing Actions
Yellowstone WolvesBear PupsRc'overy of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in the Rocky Mountains came anotherstep closer in early May when eight pups—four males and four females—were bornto a wolf reintroduced this year into Yellowstone National Park. Biologists believethat the pups are the first wolves born in the Yellowstone region in over 70 years.Working with biologists from the National Park Service and the Department ofAgriculture's Animal Damage Control program, Fish and Wildlife Service biologistJoe Fontaine found the pups under a spruce bough near Red Lodge, Montana, ashort distance northeast of the park. They were born to the alpha female from theRose Creek pack, so named for the location of the acclimation pen that temporarilyheld a group of three wolves transported from Canada to Yellowstone National Parkin January.Under normal conditions, other members of a wolfpack assist the alpha female in care of the young. Thealpha male provides some of the food for the female,who stays with or near the pups most of the time untilthey are weaned, which usually occurs within 10weeks. In this case, unfortunately, the alpha male wasillegally killed in April, leaving the female to raise thepups by herself. The only other member of the RoseCreek group, a juvenile female offspring of the alphafemale, struck out on her own shortly after leaving theacclimation pen in March.For a few days, wildlife biologists assumed the roleof the missing pack members by providing animalcarcasses for food. But because the female and herpups needed continued human assistance for severalweeks, wildlife managers captured and moved themon May 18 to the acclimation pen at YellowstoneNational Park. A veterinarian pronounced them all inexcellent condition. The wolves will stay in theenclosure until the pups have a better chance forsurvival in the wild.The two other packs released into YellowstoneNational Park are doing well. One remains in the park,where over 3,00 visitors have seen wolves so far thisyear. The other pack (the Soda Butte pack) moves inand out of the park to the nearby U.S. Forest ServiceAbsaroka-Beartooth Wilderness Area. In mid-June,more good news came to light: during a routinemonitoring flight, a National Park Service biologistobserved a pup following one of the Soda Buttefemales.Biologists suspect there may be others.Yellowstone is not the only reintroduction site; 15gray wolves were released this spring in central Idaho.One was killed illegally and another has not been4ENDANGERED SPECIE.S BULLETINJULY/AUGUST1995VOLIIME XX NO.4
The wolves reintroducedinto Yellowstone NationalPark were not expected tobreed the year of theirrelease, and the pups werea pleasant surprise. Thisgood news was tempered,however, by the death ofthe Rose Creek pack'salpha male. Biologistsmonitoring the releasedwolves discovered thewolf's radio collar in lateApril. Acting on a tip, FWSlaw enforcement agents—working closely with thelocal sheriff and wardens ofthe Montana Department ofFish, Wildlife, and P a r k s -located since early spring, but the remaining 13 wolves appear to be doing well.found the wolf's hide andDuring June, 12 of them were staying within the central Idaho wilderness, while oneskinned carcass. Chadwas located within the experimental population area on nearby Forest Service landMcKittrick, a carpenter inin Montana.This good news complements the successful wolf recovery program in northwestern Montana, where the population is expanding due to several years of goodreproduction and continued dispersal of wolves from Canada. Currently, northwestern Montana supports about 70 wolves.Biologists estimate that several litters arebeing raised. No conflicts with livestock have been reported so far this year.The progress of the wolf reintroduction program in its first year has exceeded allexpectations. Breeding began ahead of schedule, mortality has been less thanprojected, and the wolves are remaining closer to their release areas than biologistsanticipated. No conflicts with livestock had been reported as of early July. Withadditional releases in Yellowstone and central Idaho over the next 2 to 4 years andRed Lodge, was chargedwith illegally taking theprotected animal, and trialwas scheduled for July 10.Under the experimentalpopulation rules governingthe reintroduction program,ranchers and theiremployees in designatedareas are allowed to killwolves that are in the actof taking livestock;however, no livestockcontinued natural recovery in northwestern Montana, the gray wolf should bedepredation was involvedrestored and eligible for delisting by the year 2002, if not earlier. Assuming thein this case, andreintroduction effort continues to be as successful as it has been, the total cost ofMcKittrick is not involvedreaching wolf recovery in the Rocky Mountains will be significantly less than thein the ranching industry. 6.7 million originally predicted.Opposite pageFWS biologistpreparingRed Lodge5 ENDANGERED SPECIE.S BULLETINJoeFontaineto relocateJULY/AUGUST 1995thepupsVOLIIME X X NO. 4
Protecting Habitat forSilversword Recoveryby Marie M. BruegmannO n c e , the slopes of Haleakala Crater on the Hawaiianisland of Maui glowed at night from fields of unusualsilvery plants that reflected the moonlight. By the 1920's,however, the plant that had become a popular touristattraction was near extinction. But thanks to the effortsof the National Park Service, the Haleakala lum)has increased in number dramatically.Before Haleakala Crater became anational park, visitors to the area wouldcollect silversword plants as proof thatthey had made the journey all the wayto the summit. Silverswords even wereuprooted and rolled down the slopes ofcinder cones for fun. Although thespecies is not a preferred food of goatsand cattle, the sparse vegetation in thesubalpine reaches of Haleakala madesilverswords susceptible to browsing bythese non-native animals. By the1920's, the Maui Chamber of Commerce felt so strongly about thedeclining population that it petitionedCongress for efforts to save the species.As a result. Congress establishedHaleakala National Park.photoby JoanCanUald,FWSThe first ranger was stationed atHaleakala Crater in 1930, greatly reducing the vandalism problem, and cattle wereremoved from the park in the 1930's. In 1935, however, silversword populationestimates were only 4,000 individuals, with fewer than 300 plants flowering. By1971, the silversword population had increased to about 45,000 plants. Later, in the1980's, the park boundary was fenced, and goats were evicted from the upperreaches of the park to remove the threat from browsing. The population grew tojust under 65,000 plants by 1991.Although the Haleakala silversword has increased dramatically in numbers, it waslisted in 1991 as threatened because of other problems, the most dangerous of6 ENDANGERED SPECIE.S BULLETINJULY/AUGUST1995VOLIIME XX NO.4
The Haleakalasilverswordis found only in a(100-hectare)250-acrearea in thecrater and on the outerslopesof 6,900and 9,850 feet (2,100 and3,000 meters).populationsMostoccurwithinthe park -likeleaves is coveredwith silverydenselyhairs. After 15to 50 years. Itproducesone central floweringstalkup to 10 feet (3 m) tallbearing SO to 600 pink rthe plantdies.which is the loss of pollinators. Silverswords are self-incompatible, meaning thatflowers from one plant must receive pollen from another plant to produce viableseeds. The localized, endemic insects that pollinate the Haleakala silversword arehighly threatened by the introduced Argentine ant, which preys on native insects.Scientists have not yet found a way to effectively control the ants.Constant monitoring also is required to maintain the fences that keep non-nativeungulates out of the park. Illegal collecting, trampling, and increased erosion of thecinder substrate caused by the high number of visitors to the park have becomethreats again as Haleakala has grown in popularity. In addition, 60 percent ofsilversword seeds are eaten by some of the remaining native insects, greatlyreducing the plant's reproductive success. Insects also eat leaves, stems, and roots ofthe silverswords, jeopardizing future growth and reproduction. Predation by nativeinsects would not be a problem if the Haleakala silversword were not so reduced inrange and numbers.The dedicated work of the National Park Service saved the Haleakala silverswordfrom extinction, but the species has not yet fully recovered. The remaining threatsare difficult to control, and this magnificent plant may remain on the threatened listfor several more years. Further recovery of the Haleakala silversword will require aconcerted effort to address the numerous effects of introduced species in previouslyisolated ecosystems like the Hawaiian Islands.Marie BruegmannHonolulu,is a botanistwith the FWS Pacific IslandsOffice, locatedinHawaii.7 ENDANGERED SPECIE.S BULLETINJULY/AUGUST 1995VOLIIME X X NO. 4
Anastasia Island'sEndangered Mouseby Daniel R. TardonajM\y in the morning on a mistyThe beach mouse isnocturnal, foraging on seaoats, fruits of the pricklypear cactus (Opuntiaspp.),other types of vegetation,northeast Florida beach, a small mam-mouse habitat by controlling feral cats,mal scurries along the foredunes in seamonitoring visitor use, and providingoats (Uniola p:tnicukm)public education.and othergrasses as ocean waves crash ontoand insects. These nightlyFlorida Park Service protect beachRecovery efforts depend on theforays are not withoutshore. It takes the bait of dry oatmealcooperation of many State and Federaldanger; raccoonsand is safely live trapped. A short timeagencies. For example, research haslater, biologists and natural resourcebeen funded and/or conducted by nd possibly easterndiamondback rattlesnakes(Crotalusadamanteus)include beach mice in theirmanagers retrieve the animal. TheyFlorida Game and Fresh Water Fishobserve its condition, determineCommission, University of Florida,whether it is male or female, andFlorida Museum of Natural History, andmeasure its weight before releasing theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.mammal back into its fragile environ-diets. Other threats to theAnastasia Island beachment unharmed. After a moment ofmouse include coastalhesitation, the animal plunges into astorms and hurricanes. Atsmall hole in the side of the sand dune.current population levelsWliy would such a small animaland distribution, a singleAnother facet of the recovery plan isto reestablish a population of theAnastasia Island beach mouse at anotherlocation within its former range. Thiswould add some insurance against thewarrant this kind of attention? Thisanimal's extinction if a severe stormall that is left of thisparticular mammal, endemic to a barrierwere to wipe out the populations onunique subspecies.island off northeast Florida, is theAnastasia Island. A reintroduction wasAnastasia Island beach mouseattempted at Guana River State Park on(PeromyscLisa barrier island north of Anastasia Islandhurricane could destroyThe major threat to thesurvival of the Anastasiapolionotusphasma),listed in 1989 as endangered.Island beach mouse is lossCurrently, two areas on Anastasiaof habitat. CoastalIsland provide relatively undisturbeddevelopment not onlyin the fall of 1992. As of spring 1995.the reintroduction effort was going well.The Anastasia beach mouse andalters habitat but alsohabitat for the beach mouse. Anastasiapeople can coexist. Protecting beachintroduces new predators,State Recreation Area, managed by thedime habitat benefits both the public assuch as free-roamingFlorida Park Service, and Fort Matanzasdomestic and feral catswell as the beach mouse. Intact duneNational Monument, a unit of thesystems also help protect inlandNational Park Service, contain smallstrtictures during storms and provide aamounts of dune habitat for the beachbuffer against beach erosion.(Felis catus),andcompetitors like the housemouse (Musmusculus).mice. The National Park Service and theExotic vegetation cancompete with native plantsDanielthat provide food for theTardonamouse and stabilize theis the West Districtdunes. Even in areasSupervisorwhere good habitat stillTinnicuanexists, it often isandfragmented or reduced.8ENDANGERED SPECIE.S BULLETIN1995VOLIIME X X tionalPark Service,inJacksonville.Florida.
Aplomado FalconsNest in TexasThe Committee, comprised of farmers,Aplomado falcons onceearly May to discover a pair of northernrepresentatives of agricultural chemicalflew widely over theaplomado falcons (Falcocompanies, and wildlife officials,Kildlife biologists were thrilled inseptentrionalis)femonilisnegotiated reductions in the use ofnesting neargrasslands of Texas andNew Mexico, where theyperched on yuccas and theBrownsville, Texas, just south of Lagunasome pesticides to avoid contaminatingAtascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Untilthe falcon's food supply. Conservationthis year, the last known nesting of anof the falcons seems to be compatibledramatically in the earlyaplomado falcon in the U.S. was nearwith current land use. The new nest, forpart of this century, dueDeming, New Mexico, in 1952.example, is on land currently leased forprimarily to changing landButeven better news came in June, whencattle grazing. "Basically, what is goodbiologists made their way to the nestfor cattle is also good for aplomadoand found a healthy aplomado chick.falcons," said J. Peter Jenny, viceThe adult falcons were propagatedpresident of the Fund.crowns of scattered trees.But the species declineduse practices thatpromoted theencroachment of brushyplants on grasslandhabitat. Any of the falconsby the Peregrine Fund, an organization"The aplomado falcons are on thethat survived habitatdevoted to birds of prey that has beentop 10 list of birds to see," according toalteration likely werereleasing aplomado falcons at LagunaThompson. "People from all over theAtascosa NWR since 1985.world come to the Rio Grande ValleyThe recovery effort began in 1982,just to see this rare falcon." A recentcontaminated by thechlorinated hydrocarboninsecticides (such as DDT)that came into use afterwhen a remnant population wasstudy states that bird watchers visitingdiscovered in southern Mexico. Mexicanthe Laguna Atascosa area contributeofficials allowed the Fund to collect 10almost 8.5 million annually to theeggshell formation inchicks from 10 different nests forCameron County economy.falcons and led toWorld War 11. Thesechemicals interfered withreproductive failure.propagation at the organizat
WASHINGTON P.C OFFIC. Washington,E D.C. 20240 1 I If 1 Mollie Beattie Director, E La\'eme Smith Chief., Division of Endanfiered. Species (202)208-2171 Jamie Rappapor Ciari t Assistant, Director for Ecological Services Jennife Heck Acting, Chief. Branch of Informationr Management (703)3 8-2390
Texts of Wow Rosh Hashana II 5780 - Congregation Shearith Israel, Atlanta Georgia Wow ׳ג ׳א:׳א תישארב (א) ׃ץרֶָֽאָּהָּ תאֵֵ֥וְּ םִימִַׁ֖שַָּה תאֵֵ֥ םיקִִ֑לֹאֱ ארָָּ֣ Îָּ תישִִׁ֖ארֵ Îְּ(ב) חַורְָּ֣ו ם
* ASTM C 33 Table 2 Size Number 501–2.2 CEMENT. Cement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C 150 Type I, Type II, or Type III. NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The FAA allows the following: ASTM C 150 – Type I, II, III, or IV. ASTM C 595 – Type IP, IS, S, I. Type I, Type II, or Type III cement was used in the Standard Specifications other types may be specified in the Special Provisions. ASTM C .
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY (Qualification type: Professional Bachelor's Degree) Qualification code: BPIY20 - NQF Level 8 (480 credits) SAQA ID: 111429, CHE NUMBER: H/H16/E114CAN Campus where offered: Arcadia Campus REMARKS a. Admission requirement(s) and selection criteria: APPLICANTS WHO OBTAINED A SENIOR CERTIFICATE BEFORE 2008: Admission requirement(s): A Senior .
children with English as an additional language Silke Fricke and Gill Millard . 3.3 Facilitating the learning of English through collaborative practice Sandie Mourăo and Penelope Robinson . 253 3.4 A short, in-service training course for pre-school teachers in France Gail Ellis . 265 3.5 Rhythmic patterns in stories and word order production (adjective ) in four-year-old EFL .
mathematics.” (Hiebert et al, 1997, p. 6) More than ever before, mathematics instruction is focused on helping students reason together, guiding students to discover patterns, make sense of mathematical concepts, and make connections between prior knowledge and new learning.
Instant Pot Electric Pressure Cooker Recipes 2 Foreword Thank you for your purchase of the Instant Pot, a state of the art cooking appli-ance that is designed to replace several appliances in your kitchen and produce
Hail to our Alma Mater, Hail to John Brashear. We’ll always be faithful to dear John Brashear. Our voices ring loud and clear of our faith and trust in Thee. Thy spirit hovers o’er us with both love and majesty. So as we travel on our way, Thy spirit shall exalted be. We’ll honor thee forever, Brashear we love thee.
ANALISIS KIMIA DASAR C3.1. ANALISIS INSTRUMEN C3.1. ANALISIS KIMIA TERPADU C3.1. MANAJEMEN LABORATORIUM . xii GLOSARIUM . Absorbsi : Proses pemisahan bahan dari suatu campuran gas dengan cara pengikatan bahan tersebut pada permukaan absorben cair yang diikuti dengan pelarutan Absorpsi : Suatu fenomena fisik atau kimiawi atau suatu proses .
