Nerate Or Grasp New Meanings Or Ideas.
Innovation Creativity and Leadership - Research and practiceSoundingsthe emergence of meaningSusan Ryland (PhD)University for the Creative Arts (UK)mail@susanryland.co.ukCity University London Centre for Creativity in Professional Practice
Creativity, innovation and leadershipMetaphors Journeys (Sam Elkington) Windows (Kate Hammer)AttributesArtists are inherently risk-takers –they have courage. Increasingly, this Unknown / unforeseeableis seen a transferable skill from the Riskarts to business and other spheres. AutonomyFor example speaker: Caroline AmbiguitySouthard (musician: flute) talking Acknowledging emotionsabout 'tolerance for novelty'. Collaborative Experiential, in the moment, tangible Open source / peer-to-peer sharingInterventions Improv: Neil Mullarkey (dynamic dialogue) Planning for the unplanned: Sam Elkington The destructive task - creating space: Alistair Dryburgh
I will: discuss how new meaning is generated describe key cognitive mechanisms in creative thought- out-of-placeness (metaphor) and- overlookedness (metonymy and synecdoche) give a reflective account of the development of a newexhibition and performance: Soundings: thought over time sum up and offer conclusions.Susan RylandMeme:brain.Digital study forSoundings:thought over time
Metaphor: bringing together disparate entities tofind common features that provide access tomore complex, abstract ideas.Metonymy : peripheral (overlooked) partwhole / partonomic / part of. A newperspective on something familiar.Synecdoche: category relations / taxonomic /kind of. Meaning expansion from a lesser to amore comprehensive category
Louise Bourgeois Maman outside the National Gallery of Canada
METONYMY: same domain relations based on contiguityPART-WHOLEMARCHING FEET FOR ARMYCornelia ParkerThe Negative of Whispers,( Ear plugs made with fluffgathered in the WhisperingGallery, St Paul’s Cathedral,London), 1997relations
Butter bean (species-genus relations)
Twenty-five beansWith a number of beans we encounter a process of ‘domain annexation’ or ‘microdomain annexation’. Brigitte NERLICH, Synecdoche: a trope, a whole trope, and nothing buta trope? In: NERLICH, B. & BURKHARDT, A. (eds.) Tropical Truth(s). 2010: 310.
Metaphor: bringing together disparate entities tofind common features that provide access tomore complex, abstract ideas.Metonymy : peripheral (overlooked) partwhole / partonomic / part of. A newperspective on something familiar.Synecdoche: category relations / taxonomic /kind of. Meaning expansion from a lesser to amore comprehensive categorySee Seto 1999, Nerlich 2010, and Ryland 2011 for further information
Susan Ryland. Core Sample Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011). PhotographSoundings: thought over timeSusancollaborative touring exhibitionRyland (artist) Helen Thomas (musician/composer)Michael Beiert (electroacoustic composer)
Soundings: thought over timeconsiders how metaphors ‘frame’ our world.Geological metaphors such as:‘deep in thought’‘buried memories'‘just scratching the surface’turn abstract notions of knowledge into tangible objectsthat can be lost and found.
Knowledge metaphorsIce core sample with sheet music.Light'Kept in the dark','See what you mean','Shed/throw somelight on the matter'Light:Strip (2009) Scanner image of striplightEncyclopaedia Britannica core sample (2010)(maquette)
Avant garde music scores andgeological studies share visualand linguistic characteristicsMeta-staseis by Iannis XenakisMusic score for 61 musicians(1953-4)Volumina by György Ligeti for Organ(1961-2)
path track route channel road direction journey avenue bend foldcrease joint articulate speculate manipulate train course steer suggestsupport coerce cajole conform reform mold make assembleaccumulate acquire acquiesce give way release reveal remind recallrealize respect retrospect represent present present now rememberretreat retread resume repeat repeat repeat noise sound sonoroussonic sensuoussubtle sudden softly surreptitiously nuanced balanceddiscrete separate associated assembled aside side-by-side suggestiveshifting sliding spreading relating connecting contiguous amalgamatejoining blending proximity transition translation transformation extendingmapping out-of-placeness over-lookedness inbetweeness interventionsintervening interval pause break review recur recall restate resoundsound sonorous sonic resonance rebound rhetoric postulate propositiondispersal rehearsal retrieval retain retry recover reveal restrain re-editreal reel-to-reel tape bind blend bend contend send mend pretenddefend offend resist insist persist sustain refrain rephrase utter wordsmeaningful colourful ephemeral transient passing passage corridorcavity activity relativity relations cousins genus category continuitycontinuum potential tolerance integral noise tipping-point brink turningtuning touching thoughts emotions emotive welling feeling inciteincisive cutting
Core samples and partially decayed sheet musicAnalogue to digital 0000100101
Fossil coralPERSON AS BOOK metaphors: 'an open book'STORY AS WEAVING: 'tangled plot', 'narrative thread'
EncyclopaediaBritannica coresample cuttingStudio view(Susan Ryland 2012)
Detail of Encyclopaedia Britannica core sample (Susan Ryland 2012)
Beiert & Thomas (2009) Two Similar for tapdancer, oboe and live electronics,The Cornerstone Festival, Liverpool
'Max Patch' created by Michael Beiert - software allocates soundfragments with letters of the alphabet. Here the word typed is 'Hello' asseen in the red band.
Play sound track:Rehearsal for S/coreImprovisation forOboe and electronicsSusan Ryland.Pumpkin:Poetry (2012).Digital drawing.
ConclusionThe principal cognitive mechanisms for creative thought are: metaphor metonymy synecdocheInterventions for encouraging creative thought use out-of-placeness (metaphor and irony) overlookedness (metonymy and synecdoche)The aim is to create a situation or environment wheremultiple (unforeseeable) possibilities can emergeMetaphor studies:Digital drawingsCoral:Articulated (2012)Coral:Poetry (2012)
ENDSusan RylandUniversity for the Creative Arts dpress.com/Please cite this document as follows:Ryland, Susan (2012). Soundings: the emergence of meaning. Innovation Creativity and Leadership Research and Practice conference. Centre for Creativity in Professional Practice . City University London.
REFERENCE LISTBARCELONA, A. Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads: a cognitive perspective,Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.BURKHARDT, A. Between poetry and economy: Metonymy as a semantic principle. In:BURKHARDT, A. & NERLICH, B. (eds.) Tropical Truth(s): The Epistemology of Metaphorand Other Tropes. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.CHEVALLET, A. Origine et formation de la langue française. 2 parties en 3 vols. Paris:Dumoulin Imprimérie Impériale 1853-7.McCAFFREY, A. Innovation Relies on the Obscure: A Key to Overcoming the ClassicProblem of Functional Fixedness, Psychological Science. 23(3) 215–218. University ofMassachusetts Amherst, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way,Amherst, MA 01003-9271 E-mail: amccaffr@psych.umass.eduNERLICH, B. Synecdoche: a trope, a whole trope, and nothing but a trope? In: NERLICH,B. & BURKHARDT, A. (eds.) Tropical Truth(s): The Epistemology of Metaphor and OtherTropes. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010.RYLAND, S. Resisting Metaphors: A metonymic approach to the study of creativity andcognition in art analysis and practice (PhD thesis). University of Brighton/University for theCreative Arts, http://eprints.brighton.ac.uk/ 2011. See also: www.susanryland.co.ukSETO, K.-I. Distinguishing Metonymy from Synecdoche. In: PATHER, K. U. & RADDEN,G. (eds.) Metonymy in Language and Thought. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia. JohnBenjamins. 1999.
After noteGeneric-parts technique and metonymyCognitive Psychologist, Tony McCaffrey from University of Massachusettssuggests thatuncovering aspects of the human semantic, perceptual, and motorsystems that inhibit the noticing of obscure features would enablepeople to identify effective techniques to overcome ‘functional fixedness’,which is a classic inhibitor to problem solving.He claims his generic-parts technique can help people unearth the types ofobscure features needed to overcome those obstacles by:devising techniques that facilitate the noticing of obscure features in orderto overcome impediments to problem solving (e.g., design fixation).McCaffrey's technique uses metonymic thought processesto draw attention to, or 'highlight' peripheral elements.McCAFFREY, A. Innovation Relies on the Obscure: A Key to Overcoming the ClassicProblem of Functional Fixedness, Psychological Science. 23(3) 215–218.
- overlookedness (metonymy and synecdoche) give a reflective account of the development of a new exhibition and performance: Soundings: thought over time sum up and offer conclusions. Susan Ryland . Meme:brain. Digital study for Soundings: thought over time . I will discu
playing the piano. Hand grasp develops in sequence and influences a child’s ability to control their : activities. Skills like hand grasp are influenced by the environment, so if a child is not . child is able to let go of the object when they want to. Pincer grasp: A pincer grasp occurs next as
3.2 Idioms with Different Literal or Figurative Meanings When literal meanings or figurative meanings of English and Chinese idioms are a bit different, but their implicated meanings are the same, a translator can also borrow idioms from Chinese in translating English idioms. Such idioms as Among the blind the one" -eyed man is kingis "
This list shows about 200 common phrasal verbs, with meanings and examples. Only the most usual meanings are given. Some phrasal verbs may have additional meanings. As well as learning their meanings, you need to learn how to use phrasal verbs properly. Some phrasal verbs require a direct object (someone/something), while others do not.
elevator pitch. Pitch your idea . yourself from a grasp if someone grabs your wrist is to pull your wrist out between the finger and thumb of the attacker, where their grasp is weakest. We can see from Figure 8 that the grasp is in fact weak i
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with API 650’s level of risk of tank failure. Likewise, the rules in the external pressure appendix will be consistent with the basic part of API 650 with regard to loading conditions and combinations. Thus, starting with a specified design external pressure, roof live or snow load, and wind pressure (or velocity), the total roof design pressure is calculated as the greater of DL (Lr or S .
