GHANA RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTER PLAN
GHANA RENEWABLEENERGY MASTER PLANPublication Date: February 2019i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) would not have been possible without the inputsfrom various stakeholders and funding bodies. Funding for the development of the plan wasmade available by the 'China-Ghana South-South Cooperation on Renewable EnergyTechnology Transfer' project, which is a collaboration between the Energy Commission inGhana, the Ministry of Science and Technology in China together with the UNDP CountryOffices in Accra and Beijing. The project, with funding from DANIDA, is facilitating exchange ofexpertise and technology between China and Ghana, building on China's unique developmentexperience.The document was prepared by a taskforce made up of experts from the Ministry of Energy (MrWisdom Ahiataku-Togobo; Mrs Gifty Tettey; Ing. Seth A. Mahu; and Mr Senna Hammond),Energy Commission (Dr Alfred Kwabena Ofosu Ahenkorah; Mr Kwabena Otu-Danquah; MrMichael Opam; Dr Nii Darko Asante; Mr Frederick Ken. Appiah; Ms Paula Edze, UNDP:Mr. EricKumi Antwi-Agyei; Mrs. Oforiwa Asare, National Development Planning Commission (Dr IsaacFrimpong Mensa-Bonsu), and Academia (Dr Francis Kemausuor).Special acknowledgement goes to the Energy Commission Board who provided valuable inputin the development of this plan.The Taskforce is grateful to the institutions who took part in the consultative process, especially,the Ministry of Finance (MoF); Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA); Volta River Authority(VRA); Ghana Grid Company Ltd. (GRIDCo); Electricity Company of Ghana Ltd. (ECG);Northern Electricity Company Ltd. (NEDCo); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); GhanaStandards Authority (GSA); Agricultural Engineering Services Directorate (AESD); GhanaIrrigation Development Authority (GIDA); Savanna Accelerated Development Authority (SADA);Forestry Commission (FC); Fisheries Commission (FiCom); and Department of Urban Roads(DUR).Finally, the Taskforce acknowledges the invaluable roles played by the other stakeholders inproviding data and reports for the baseline assessment phase and the reviews, which enrichedthe process.i
ACRONYMS AND gic Security Systems International LimitedAccelerated Economic GrowthAgricultural Engineering Services DirectorateAfrican Development BankAssessment Resource BankAfrican UnionBusiness-as-UsualBulk Oil Storage and Transportation CompanyDirect CurrentDepartment for International DevelopmentEnergy CommissionElectricity Company of GhanaEconomic Community of West African StatesEnergising DevelopmentEnvironmental Protection AgencyEnergy Sector Programme SupportEnergy Sector Strategy and Development PlanEuropean UnionFeed-in-TariffGross Domestic ProductGhana Energy Development and Access ProjectGlobal Environment FacilityGhana CediGreenhouse GasGhana PesewaDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale ZusammenarbeitGhana Oil Palm Development CompanyGhana Poverty Reduction StrategyGhana Grid Company LimitedGhana Standards AuthorityGhana Shared Growth Development AgendaIntended Nationally Determined ContributionsIndependent Power ProducerLiquefied Petroleum GasMinistry of EnergyMinistry of Food and AgricultureNational Development Planning CommissionNational Energy BoardNorthern Electricity Distribution CompanyNational Electrification SchemeNon-Governmental OrganisationsNatural GasNational Interconnected Transmission SystemNational Petroleum AuthorityNational Renewable Energy StrategyOil Marketing CompaniesPublic Private PartnershipPrivate Sector ParticipationPublic Utilities Regulatory CommissionPhotovoltaicResearch and Developmentii
EPSWHUEMOAUNUNDPUSAIDVRARenewable EnergyRenewable Energy Development and Management ProgrammeRenewable Energy MasterplanRenewable Energy Project FinancingRenewable Energy Purchase ObligationRenewable Energy Services ProjectRenewable Energy TechnologiesRenewable Energy Technology TransferSustainable Energy for AllSolar Home SystemsSolar Lantern Promotion ProgrammeStrategic National Energy PlanSolar Water HeaterUnion Économique et Monétaire Ouest-AfricaineUnited NationsUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentVolta River AuthorityUNITSMWMWeMWpkWhkWpthaMegawattMegawatt Electricity EquivalentMegawatt PeakKilowatt hourKilowatt PeakTonneHectareiii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIntroductionGlobally, renewable energy is going through exciting times with increasing investment in manycountries. Solar PV capacity increased from 3.1 GW in 2005 to 227 GW in 2015. Within thesame period, wind power capacity increased from 59 GW to 433 GW. Large hydropower hasremained at very high annual market volumes as well. Bio-power partly operated as cogeneration plants quadrupled to a total global generation capacity of 106.4 GW over the sametime period. Other renewable energy technologies have made significant progress as well, withtotal annual biofuels production increasing from 37 billion litres in 2005 to 128 billion litres in2015. As production levels have soared, costs have dropped significantly for most of thetechnologies.In view of the global trends, the Government of Ghana has identified renewable energy as oneof the options that could contribute to the overall energy supply mix and minimise the adverseeffects of energy production on the environment. Indeed, renewable energy programmes andprojects implemented in recent years have demonstrated that renewable energy interventionshave enormous potential to reduce poverty and improve the socio-economic development of thecountry, particularly, in rural communities.Renewable energy in the form of hydro power already accounts for 43.2% of total installedelectricity generation capacity as at 2015. Utility scale solar also accounted for 0.6% of totalinstalled capacity (this excludes standalone solar systems).At the moment, most of the renewable energy interventions in the country are either beingcarried out as pilot projects or on short term planning cycle basis. Thus, no clear integratedroadmap exists for the long-term development and promotion of the different renewable energyresources in the country.To address the attendant effects of such short-term planning of the overall development of therenewable energy sector, the Renewable Energy Master Plan has been developed with the goalto provide investment-focussed framework for the promotion and development of the country’srich renewable energy resources for sustainable economic growth, contribute to improved sociallife and reduce adverse climate change effects.The REMP aims to achieve the following by 2030: Increase the proportion of renewable energy1 in the national energy generation mix from42.5 MW in 2015 to 1363.63 MW (with grid connected systems totalling 1094.63 MW);Reduce the dependence on biomass as main fuel for thermal energy applications;Provide renewable energy-based decentralised electrification options in 1,000 off-gridcommunities;Promote local content and local participation in the renewable energy industry.Targets and ActionsExisting policies, strategies and resource potentials were taken into consideration to establishthe targets and actions required for each of the renewable energy technologies.The implementation of the REMP starts from the year 2019 and run through to the year 2030.The scope of the targets and plan of action are based on a thorough stakeholder consultationRenewable energy as defined by the Renewable Energy Act 2011 (Act 832). In the Act, hydropower capacity up to100 MW is considered renewable.1iv
and analysis of the renewable energy resources and applications, economics and financialimplications. The set targets are presented in Table E1.The REMP also prescribe action plans for all the Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs). Foreach of the RET areas (solar, wind, hydro, biomass, etc.), the action plan analysed the resourceavailability, opportunities in developing the resource, and recommends interventions for theirpromotion and development. Further details and actions are provided for each of thetechnologies/ interventions under each resource with specific considerations given to thechallenges and strategies to promote it.The broad strategies proposed for the successful implementation of the REMP are as follows: Boost and sustain local assembly and manufacture of RETs through a systematicphasing out of import duty exemptions on RETs where the country has a competitiveadvantage;Strategically recommend consideration for tax exemptions on components andmaterials for assembly and manufacture to make RETs competitive on the local andsub-regional markets;Provide support to existing RET assembling/manufacturing companies includingpreferential procurements under public financed projects;Guarantee local market through local content and local participation actions;Support the private sector through concessional financing and government on-lendingfacilities to RE investments;Institutionalise competitive procurement to achieve cost reduction in tariff for utility scalerenewable energy projects;Continuously provide investment support for the upgrading of the NationalInterconnected Transmission System to accommodate the planned renewable energypower targets;Incorporate land requirements for renewable energy projects in the national spatialplanning framework;Develop legislation to ensure that increased development of renewable energy projectsdoes not become detrimental to the environment;Intensify awareness creation;Build capacity in various aspects of renewable energy development; andSupport research and development.Explore opportunities to develop a market and production hub for electric vehicles inGhana.In line with the Renewable Energy Act, 2011 (Act 832), the Ministry of Energy will implement theplan through the REMP Coordinating Unit (REMP-CU). The REMP-CU shall be responsible forthe overall procurement and fiscal management, coordination with key REMP ComponentsImplementation Entities and Beneficiaries (CIEB 2 ) and reporting obligation. The Ministry ofEnergy will from time to time designate relevant entities to implement key components of theREMP.A National Steering Committee (NSC) made up of experts drawn from all relevant institutions willbe established to provide overall guidance to the REMP and will among other responsibilitiesreview progress made at the end of each cycle. Members of the NSC will serve for not more2Public and private sector actors implementing aspects and or whose actions are aligned with the REMP.v
than two terms aligned with the REMP implementation cycles. The NSC will hold quarterlymeetings and as and when necessary.The REMP-CU will be staffed with competent personnel. The REMP-CU arrangements, assetsand liabilities shall be given to the Renewable Energy Authority when it is established andoperational.Economic, Social and Environmental ImpactsThe REMP is an US 5.6 billion investment master plan, with more than 80% coming from theprivate sector. On annual basis, the REMP translates into an estimated US 460 millioninvestment. The plan shall be implemented over a 12-year time-space, from 2019 to 2030.The successful implementation of the plan would lead to an installed electricity capacity of1363.63 MW (with grid connected systems totalling 1094.63 MW), the creation of 220,000 jobs3,and carbon savings of about 11 million tonnes of CO2 by 2030.The REMP proposes strategies to minimize the adverse impact of the various renewable energytechnologies and targets on land use through spatial planning.Enabling EnvironmentGovernment shall continue to provide an enabling business environment and work to removethe bottlenecks that hinder growth in the private sector. Manufacturing and assembling shall beconsciously promoted.Incentives proposed for renewable energy manufacturing and assembling firms include: Substantial tax reduction;Exemption of materials, components, equipment and machinery (that cannot beobtained locally) for manufacturing or assembling, from import duty and VAT, up to theyear 2025; andExemption of Import duty on plants and plant parts for electricity generation fromrenewable energy resources.With regards to infrastructural development, government would dedicate significant budgetaryallocations to fund detailed technical studies at national level and assist GRIDCo to invest inmodern weather forecasting equipment and stations synchronised with weather stations atvarious utility scale renewable electricity installations for proper and timely planning of the subsector and evacuation of renewable electricity. In view of this, all variable renewable electricitygeneration plants shall be required to install weather stations on site.To boost mini-grid development, government would facilitate an efficient and cost-effective watertransportation system to support mini-grid activities in island and lakeside communities.Government would team up with well-equipped training centres to provide technical andentrepreneurial training programmes to interested groups and individuals on renewable energytechnologies. Technical capacity development will target areas such as solar PV system designand installation, construction of biogas digesters, design and construction of gasifiers,improvements in the design and construction of improved household and institutionalcookstoves, design and construction of small-scale biomass briquetting and pelleting machines,repair and maintenance of aforementioned systems, among others.3Jobs include farmers who will benefit from solar irrigation projects and cultivate all year roundvi
Implementation planThe REMP will be implemented in three (3) cycles with the first cycle (or transition phase)running from 2019 to 2020. Subsequent cycles will run from 2021 to 2025 and 2026 to 2030respectively (see Table E1). Each cycle will be reviewed in the last year of implementation andthe outcome used to improve the implementation of the next cycle.The utilities will play key roles, especially in relation to utility scale projects. The Volta RiverAuthority, Bui Power Authority and the Renewable Energy Authority (yet to be established) willbe encouraged to grow and expand the renewable energy electricity space through public sectorled investments and or through public private partnerships.GRIDCo will drive strategic investments and expansion of the National InterconnectedTransmission System (NITS) in line with provisions defined in the ‘Renewable Energy Sub-Codeand the National Grid Code’ to accelerate the interconnection of utility renewable energyprojects.The Renewable Energy Purchase Obligation (REPO) will be implemented to ensure that thedistribution companies, ECG, NEDCo, and Enclave Power Company (EPC), and all other bulkcustomers integrate electricity generated from renewable resources in their distribution andconsumption mix.ECG, NEDCo and EPC will also ensure that net-metered systems have access to thedistribution grid, in line with the ‘Net-Metering Code’.Private sector investment is at the centre of the REMP. In addition to government and donor-ledprogrammes, the private sector investments toward achieving the targets in the REMP,especially, utility scale projects, will be given priority. The REMP will continue to createopportunities through the RE-FiTs, Competitive Procurement of RE projects (Tenders) andPurchase Obligations to increase investment in the sector.The government will give significant financial incentives and procurement preferences to privatesector actors engaged in the local assembly and manufacturing of renewable energytechnologies and related services.Manufacturing and assembling of renewable energy technologies is pivotal to the overallsuccess of the REMP. This will not only stimulate sustainable growth of the sector, but alsocontribute to the overall development of the West African renewable energy market.Manufacturing and assembling along strategic links in the renewable energy value chain in theREMP would be fully implementedIn accordance with the Local Content Policy for the sector and to boost local production, bothstate sponsored and private sector renewable energy projects would source a minimum 20% ofgoods from the local market (where applicable) in the medium term. The scope and content oflocal sourcing of goods will be broadened as the local production market matures.The REMP would strengthen the GSA to ensure that local production of renewable energytechnologies meet national/ international standards.vii
Table E1: REMP Implementation Schedule 2019 to 2030REMP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN - RE TARGETS UP TO 2030Reference 2015Renewable Energy TechnologiesSolar EnergySolar Utility ScaleDistributed Solar PVStandalone Solar PVSolar Street/Community lightingSolar Traffic signals (% of total traffic signals installed in the country)Solar LanternsSolar irrigationSolar Crop DryersSolar Water HeatersWind EnergyWind Utility ScaleStandalone Wind SystemsWind Irrigation/Water PumpingBiomass / Waste-to-EnergyBiomass Utility-ScaleWaste-to-Energy Utility ScaleBiogas (Agricultural/Industrial Organic Waste)Biogas (Institutional)Biogas (Domestic)Woodlot Cultivation (ha)Charcoal (Local Demand)Charcoal (Export)Briquetting/PelletingBiofuel (tonnes)Hydro / Wave PowerSmall/Medium Hydro PlantsWave PowerHybrid Mini-GridsMini/Micro-gridsEnd User TechnologiesImproved Biomass Cookstove (Domestic)Improved Biomass Cookstove (Institutional/Commercial)Total Installed RE Electricity CapacityCycle I (2019-2020)Cycle II (2021-2025)Cycle III (2026-2030)Cumulative in 2030No. of unitsMWpNo. of UnitsMWpNo. of UnitsMWpNo. of UnitsMWpNo. 000-300000018000viii1353.63
TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . iv1INTRODUCTION . 11.1Background .11.2Vision, Goal and Objectives of the Renewable Energy Master Plan .31.2.1Vision . 31.2.2Goal . 31.2.3Specific objectives . 31.3Definition of Renewable Energy .31.4Overview of Energy Demand and Supply .31.4.1Primary Energy Supply . 31.4.2Final Energy Consumed. 41.4.3Electricity Generation Sources . 51.4.4Sectoral Electricity Consumption .
renewable energy sector, the Renewable Energy Master Plan has been developed with the goal to provide investment-focussed framework for the promotion and development of the country’s rich renewable energy resources for sustainable economic growth, contribute to improved social life and reduce adverse climate change effects.
81. Ghana Library oard 82. Ghana National Fire Service 83. Ghana National Gas ompany 84. Ghana National Petroleum orporation 85. Ghana National Sec. Sch. 86. Ghana News Agency 87. Ghana Police Service 88. Ghana Ports And Harbours Authority 89. Ghana Post ompany 90. Ghana Post ompany Limited 91. Ghana Prisons Service 92.
Ghana Library Board Ghana Maritime Authority Ghana Metrological Agency Ghana National Gas Company Limited Ghana National Petroleum Corporation Ghana News Agency Ghana Railway Development Authority Ghana Reinsurance Company Ltd Ghana Revenue Authority Ghana Shippers Authority Online Procurement Planning Submissions As At 14th July, 2021
4.0 Renewable Energy Market 4.1 Policy Framework for renewable energy 4.1.1 Policies and Strategies for Renewable Energy Promotion 4.1.2 Main actors 4.1.3 Regulatory Framework 4.1.4 Licensing Procedures for Renewable Energy 4.1.5 Feed-in-Tariff 4.2 Business Opportunities and Potentials of Renewable Energy Sources 4.2.1 Bioenergy 4.2.2 Solar energy
Ghana Library Board 53. Ghana National Fire Service 54. Ghana National Gas Company 55. Ghana News Agency 56. Ghana Police Service 57. Ghana Post Company 58. Ghana Prisons Service . Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly 125. Shama Sec. Sch 126. SIC Life Company Limited 127. Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) 128. Sogakope .
renewable resources (renewable energy) and sets the FiT rate. The DLs will pay for renewable energy supplied to the electricity grid for a specific duration. By guaranteeing access to the grid and setting a favourable price per unit of renewable energy, the FiT mechanism would ensure that renewable energy becomes a viable and sound long-term
The EU's renewable energy policy framework 5 - 9 Renewable energy support schemes 10 - 12 Renewable energy within the EU's rural development policy framework 13 - 17 Audit scope and approach 18 - 22 Observations 23 - 82 The EU's renewable energy policy framework could better exploit the opportunities of renewable energy deployment in .
1. FOUNDATIONS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS 14 1.1 Overview of renewable energy targets at the global level 14 1.2. Brief history of renewable energy targets 17 1.3. Key aspects and definition of renewable energy targets 22 1.4. Theoretical foundations of targets 28 2. MAIN FUNCTIONS AND BASIS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS 31 2.1.
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