2016 ANNUAL REPORT - Integrated Pest Management .
2016 ANNUAL REPORTIntegrated PestManagementUniversity of MissouriLincoln UniversityTaking anenvironmentallysensitive approach topest management
From the DirectorsAbout IPMFor over 30 years, the University ofMissouri IPM program has servedthe agriculture, horticulture, andurban pest management sectors ineducating Missouri’s citizens onresponsible and sustainable pestmanagement methods. An interlinked community of state faculty specialists, regionalextension specialists, the MU Soil Testing and PlantDiagnostic Service, and MU IPM staff strive to delivertimely updates of ongoing and potential pest problems,and the research-based approaches to controlling them.Coordinating our efforts with our partners at LincolnUniversity broadens the reach of our land grant missionand allows the collective to accomplish even more. In2016, we unveiled a new IPM website for Missouri thatacts as a modernized communication vehicle for ourpest monitoring program, newsletter articles, and socialmedia information. Our state and regional specialists areengaged in an array of research programs that aren’t justa reaction to current problems, but also proactively planfor future pest threats. I hope you enjoy this 2016 updateof our observations and activities, and look forward toserving you again in 2017.Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to managing insect, pathogens, and weed peststhrough a coordinated decision-making/action-takingprocess. The goal of IPM is to mitigate pest damagewhile protecting human health, environmental quality,and economic viability. The MU IPM program is partially funded by a federal grant. It is multidisciplinaryand involves a large team of scientists and extensionspecialists.Lee MillerAssociate ProfessorDivision of Plant SciencesContentsMissouri IPM Highlights in 2016Weed Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Palmer Amaranth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Dicamba Damage in Bootheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Accidental Herbicide Damage on Vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . 4Agronomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Stunted Corn Following Fallow Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . 5MU’s First Annual Mo. Soybean Symposium. . . . . . . . . . . 5Insect Pests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs in Homes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Japanese beetles plagued parts of Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Horticulture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Dormant Seeding of Turfgrass in Later Winter. . . . . . . . . 7Lincoln University. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Mass Trapping Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Lincoln University (LU) has servedthe needs of underserved Missourians since 1866. Missouri farmersgrowing specialty crops (vegetables and fruits in particular) arethe primary audience of the LUIPM program. This past year hasbrought about some pest challengesand many opportunities for IPM.Extension activities implemented in 2016 focused on(1) invasive and emerging pests, (2) closing the knowledge gap between IPM and organic agriculture, (3)demonstrating the benefits of ecologically-based IPM,and (4) fostering IPM adoption by small- and mid-scalegrowers.Guide Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Field Days, Workshops and Demonstrations. . . . . . . . . . . 9Dr. Jaime C. PiñeroAssociate ProfessorState Extension Specialist- IPM 2016 University of Missouri2Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Whats New on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Whats New in Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Year in Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Weather Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Plant Diagnostics Lab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Production:Amy Hess: editor/designerLinda Geist: journalist/writerLee Miller: editingCover photos:Tomato rot by James Quinn, large patch disease on turfgrass byLee Miller, Japanese beetle by Bugwood.org, rime corn by PatGuinan, palmer amaranth by Kevin Bradley
Missouri IPMHighlights in 2016Weed ScienceMulti-herbicide ResistantPalmer AmaranthPublished October 31, 2016by Mandy Bish and Kevin BradleyPalmer amaranth growing in a cornfield nearWest Alton, Missouri in 2016. Photo courtesyof University of Missouri undergraduate WyattCoffmanIN BRIEF Palmer amaranth remained thetop weed to watch in Missouri. Morethan 32 of Missouri’s 114 countiesnow report its presence. A multi-herbicide resistant variety was confirmednorth of St. Louis in October. It wasthe first confirmed case in the state.This Palmer amaranth resists glyphosate and PPO. Numerous workshopsand field day presentations, magazine and newspaper articles, webpostings and radio broadcasts havebeen given to inform the public aboutits spread and control.In September, Southern Illinois University weed scientist Karla Gagealong with Ronald Krausz, researcher and farm manager of SIU’s Belleville Research Center, identified a population of Palmer Amaranth withglyphosate- (group 9) and PPO- (group 14) resistance. This population,found just north of St. Louis in the Mississippi River bottoms, is the firstconfirmed case of multi-resistant Palmer amaranth in Missouri, and thefirst known instance of a Palmer amaranth population in Missouri with resistance to post-emergence applications of group 14 herbicides like fomesafen (Flexstar, Marvel, etc.), lactofen (Cobra), or aciflurofen (Ultra Blazer).The team sent tissue to the Illinois Plant Clinic where the sampleswere confirmed to have elevated copy numbers of the EPSPS gene, leadingto glyphosate resistance, and the sample tested positive for a point mutation in the PPO gene known to confer resistance to PPO-inhibitor herbicides.PPO resistance in Palmer amaranth was first discovered in Tennessee in 2015 and more recently otherpopulations have been discovered insouthern Illinois. Midwest growershave had to contend with PPO-resistant populations of waterhemp formany years, and especially in Missouri and Illinois, multiple-resistantwaterhemp is now the rule ratherthan the exception.This new finding with Palmer amaranth re-emphasizes the need for anintegrated approach to the management of troublesome pigweed specieslike Palmer amaranth and waterhemp; one that includes multiple herbicidemodes of action and cultural practices that minimize the deposition of weedseed back into the soil. If you have Palmer amaranth populations that yoususpect are resistant to the group 14 herbicides, we’d like to hear about itand would be glad to discuss this with you further.Read the full article online at ipm.missouri.edu/IPCM/2016/8/Palmer Amaranth is Stillon the Move in Missouri/The seedhead of a Palmer amaranth plant canreach over 1.5 feet in length; no other pigweedseedhead will grow to that length.3
Weed ScienceIN BRIEF Unprecedenteddicamba damage inthe Bootheel regionof Missouri gave MUExtension weed scientists opportunities toeducate producers andmedia during 2016.Missouri WeedScientists HoldForum AfterDicamba Damagein Bootheelby Linda GeistDicamba damage made headlines in Southeast Missourithroughout 2016.More than 100 farmers filed complaints with the Department of Agriculture about illegally-sprayed dicamba damaging 41,000 acres of crops in fourcounties. Crops receiving damage include soybean, rice, cotton, watermelon,peaches, tomatoes, cantaloupe, alfalfa and flowers.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had not yet approved a corresponding herbicide label designed not to drift for Monsanto’s newly releaseddicamba-tolerant Xtend soybean or cotton. New lower volatility formulationshave now been approved for in-season use in 2017. Dicamba is approved forpre-emergence use and burndown. Growers used the older herbicide to fightglyphosate-resistant weeds, including Palmer amaranth and waterhemp.On July 29, MU Extension hosted a forum at the Fisher Delta Center inPortageville. The forum was one of many times Dr. Kevin Bradley and otherfaculty were called upon for advice on dicamba during 2016. During the forum,Dr. Bradley said yield loss depends largely upon dose and timing. Soybean areespecially sensitive to dicamba with less than an ounce per acre causing severedamage. Dicamba alters a soybean plant chemically and causes the tissue toelongate. Affected leaves cup and are malformed. Soybean contacted when inthe reproductive stage will most likely suffer yield loss.Weed ScienceSNIPPETS MU weed scientists releasedan update to the ID Weeds app in2016. See weedid.missouri.edu MU Extension weed scientistsprovided education of free appsand resources available to helpfarmers and applicators applypesticides in safe and effectiveways. MU Extension continued toeducate growers and pesticideapplicators about waterhemp.Farmers learned the importanceof using full-strength herbicides ina multi-layered approach on thisadaptable, prolific seed producer. MU weed scientists helped toeducate farmers and pesticideapplicators about ‘flag the technology.’ This program provideslow-cost ways to reduce errorsand limit off-target herbicide drift.(extension.missouri.edu/n/2862) MU agronomists and weedscientists worked with MU waterquality specialists to instructfarmers on how to avoid atrazinerunoff after heavy spring rains in2016.Accidental Herbicide Damage on VegetablesPublished: May 23, 2016by James Quinn and David TrinkleinBuckwheat, cantaloupe and petunia each (left to right)displaying similar spotting from a herbicide drift incident.MU Extension weed scientists provided research-based informationto farmers throughout the state on herbicide wind drift. This came tothe forefront during 2016 when numerous produce farms in southern Missouri reported severe Dicamba injury. Modern agronomicpractices include the use of more and more non-selective herbicides.RoundUp Ready crops already are widely planted and are beingsupplemented with 2,4-D and dicamba-resistant crops.The latter were developed in an effort to control weeds that havebecome resistant to glyphosate. Additionally, copious amounts ofnon-selective herbicides are being used to chemically “burn down”cover crops before the land they occupy is planted in the spring.(Read the full article at: ipm.missouri.edu/MPG/2016/5/Accidental Herbicide Damage on Vegetables/4
AgronomyStunted CornFollowingPreventedPlanting — FallowSyndromeFigure 1. Phosphorus deficient Cornplants – a typical symptom associatedwith corn grown following fallow.Published: June 7, 2016.by Greg LuceThere are many corn fields in Missouri,in particular the NE portion of the state, In 2016, corn fields inwhere corn is stunted and uneven followingprevented planted acresprevented planting acres. Many farmers,showed stunted andextension and industry agronomists anduneven growth. The answerconsultants are working with fields that arecommonly given to explainshowing dramatically poorer corn growththe poorer growth is thein prevented planting vs fields following aeffect known as Fallowcrop in 2015. In a number of cases there areSyndrome.side by side comparisons where soybean ora cover crop was planted in same field lastyear that had portions unplanted. The answer commonly given to explainthe poorer growth behind prevented planting has been the effect of whatis known as Fallow Syndrome. In some cases the answers involve multiplefactors, and there are fields where not all of the stunted corn growth may beattributed to Fallow Syndrome.IN BRIEF(Read the full article at: www.ipm.missouri.edu/IPCM/2016/6/Stunted Corn FollowingPrevented Planting-Fallow Syndrome)Agronomy SNIPPETS IPM agronomists led the way ineducating Missouri farmers aboutways to use unmanned aerial vehicles in farm operations. Dr. Wieboldand Kent Shannon spoke at severalextension meetings about the useof this new technology for precisionfarming. MU forage specialists presentednew ways to ammoniate low-qualityforage during workshops for beefand dairy producers. Numerousworkshops presented ways to reduceergovaline in forages for cattle,horses and small ruminants. Pasturerenovation schools taught farmershow to renovate pastures to avoidusing endophyte-free tall fescue.Specialists continued to work withthe Grasslands Alliance to educatefarmers on this issue. Missouri corn, wheat and soybean fields faced disease pressurefrom stalk rot, diplodia and rust. Wetweather caused some sprouting ofcorn in parts of the state. Despitedisease and insect pressure in 2016,a bumper crop was raised and MUExtension agronomists advisedgrowers about storage options.MU held its first annual MissouriSoybean Symposium-April 2016by Linda GeistBill Wiebold is the new director of theMissouri Soybean Center.IN BRIEF The Missouri SoybeanCenter at MU focuses onpromoting and enhancingsoybean research, teachingand Extension.Some of the country’s leading soybean researchers presented at the inaugural event.Bill Wiebold leads the way as the new director for the Missouri Soybean Center atMU. The speakers at this first symposium included Robert Alpers, a farmer fromPrairie Home who discussed the challenges of producing sobean in Missouri. Michelle Folta, a PhD student of Plant Sciences discussed using RNA interference toreduce soybean seed raffinose. Doug Allen, USDA Research Scientist discussed using isotope labelling and metabloic flux analysis to understand soybean metabolism.Melissa Mitchum, Associate Professor and member of the soybean center’s steeringcommittee discussed soybean cyst nematode. Randy Nelson, USDA/ARS and theUniversity of Illinois professor presented the Poehlman Lecture on the importanceof diversity in plant breeding.(Visit the website at soybeancenter.missouri.edu)5
Insect PestsBrown Marmorated StinkBugs in HomesPublished: October 11, 2016IN BRIEFby Jaime Piñero and Richard Houseman Brown MamoratedStink Bugs continuedto plague Missourihomeowners as theyfled to warm quartersfor the winter. Theirpresence remainsmostly in southernMissouri and inurban areas. Missourispecialists contributeto the national BMSBwatchlist. ---MEGOctober 2016Insects SNIPPETS With the retirement of state entomologist Wayne Bailey, MU emeritusprofessor entomologist Ben Puttlerprovided input for weekly horticultureand agronomy teleconferencesduring the 2016 growing season.The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) is asignificant agricultural pest of foreign origin. It Sugarcane aphids appeared inwas first discovered in Missouri in 2013. Sincesouthern Missouri sorghum fields.They were found as far north asthen they have been slowly spreading throughBoone County.out the state, mostly in the eastern (including St.extension.missouri.edu/n/2883Louis area) and the southern regions. In addition Fall armyworms appeared heavilyto causing damage to many types of plants andin southern counties of Missouri.fruit in the spring and summer, BMSB becomes aipm.missouri.edu/pestMonitoring/nuisance pest both indoors and out when it is atfaw/viewall.cfmtracted to the outside of houses on warm fall days MU continued to work to improvein search of protected, overwintering sites. Highbee pollination throughout the state.numbers of BMSB result from the release of anThrough IPM efforts, state horticulaggregation pheromone (a scent that attractsturists provided beekeeping workshops through the Missouri Pollinatorother BMSB to the area). The aggregation pherConservancy Program.omone is not the same chemical that causes themagebb.missouri.edu/news/ext/showto stink. During the winter months BMSB entersall.asp?story num 7040a type of hibernation called diapause. During thistime they do not feed and do not reproduce. TheBMSB is the only stink bug known to congregateinside houses and other buildings the fall. The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug is notharmful to people, houses, or pets. They do not bite, sting, suck blood, or spread diseases; and they do not eat orbore into wood structures. However, adults emit an offensive odor if disturbed or crushed. Read the full article onlineat: ipm.missouri.edu/MEG/2016/10/Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs in homesJapanese beetles plagued parts of Missouri in2016. What’s their outlook?Published: Novermber 21, 20166IN BRIEFby Pat Miller Japanese beetles hit Missouritrees and crops heavily in 2016.The beetles shredded the leavesof trees throughout much of thestate.In 1934 Japanese beetles made it to St. Louis, after being accidently introducedin the U.S. in 1916. They have migrated across much of the state with someareas having extremely high numbers. These beetles are scarce in north Missouri but heavy in the southwest and central areas of the state. Kansas City istypical of north Missouri, and for some reason in the Southeast, despite theweather being favorable, they don’t seem to have become as troublesome. Japanese beetles feed on a variety of vegetables, such as beans, asparagus stems,the foliage and silk of corn and the foliage of okra. They also feed on rhubarb,grape, raspberry, elderberry and blackberry, some tree fruits, and hundreds ofornamental plants and trees. In 2016, many Linden trees, a highly preferablefood source, were severely defoliated. Commercial pheromone traps are available and help alert to their emergence. The IPM pest monitoring program alsooperates a broad trapping network for the pest throughout the state.(ipm.missouri.edu/pestmonitoring)Read the full article at: ipm.missouri.edu/MPG/2016/11/japaneseBeetle/
HorticultureDormantSeeding ofTurfgrass inLate WinterPublished: February 26, 2016Bare areas, like this one, can be dormantseeded in late winter to take advantageof the first available spring germinationtemperature.by Brad Fresenburg and LeeMillerSeeding of cool-season turfgrasses suchas tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass isrecommended in late August – throughIN BRIEFmid September in Missouri. This tim Dormant seeding is theing allows seedlings enough time topractice of sowing during temgerminate and mature prior to the frigperatures not suitable for germiid temperatures of winter, and sparesnation in late fall or winter, in thethem from the brutal heat and diseaseexpectation that germination willpressure of the summer. If you have aoccur when temperatures rise inthe spring.sparse or bare area that needs renovating, and have missed this window it’sprobable weeds will soon infest.Dormant seeding is the practice of sowing during temperatures not suitable for germination, in the expectation that germination will occur whentemperatures rise to suitable levels in the spring. Field trials at Purdue University (Reicher et al, 2000) demonstrated dormant seeding of Kentuckybluegrass or tall fescue in November, December or March can be effective,and reduced the establishment time compared to seeding in April or May.The idea is to beat the weeds to the punch, and take advantage of the veryfirst opportune environment for turfgrass germination. The weed seedsare there and waiting to germinate in the open space; why shouldn’t yourdesired turfgrass seed be there ready to germinate and compete along withthem? In addition, the jump on turfgrass maturity will reap benefits later, asthe extra few weeks will allow for greater resistance to turfgrass diseases thatcan completely wipe out a stand of seedlings in late spring/early summer.With Missouri’s broad temperature swings in late fall and early winter, alate winter timing for dormant seeding may be most appropriate. Soil temperatures will normally remain below the germination range in February orMarch until it’s go-time in the spring, therefore reducing the overall time ofdormant seed in the f
IPM program. This past year has brought about some pest challenges and many opportunities for IPM. Extension activities implemented in 2016 focused on (1) invasive and emerging pests, (2) closing the knowl-edge gap between IPM and organic agriculture, (3) demonstrating the benefits of ecologically-based IPM,
method of approach to pest control is not feasible. Hence, we have to form an integrated approach in pest management. IPM. Integrated Pest Management is an ecological approach in which utilization of all available techniques of pest control to reduce and maintain the pest population at levels below economic injury level _.
pest from causing more damage than is reasonable to accept. Even though a pest is present, it may not do very much harm. It could cost more to control the pest than would be lost because of the pest's damage. The three main objectives of pest control are: prevention—keeping a pest from becoming a problem, suppression—reducing pest
insect infestations, and notify management when dead rodents and or birds are found. b) Management should immediately contact the pest management provider for assistance. 1.3.1. Pest Sighting Log a) Maintain a Pest Sightings Log which informs the pest control service technician of pest sightings or pest activity in the facility.
application of control measures. PEST INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD An organism that is not a serious pest in its native environment can become a devastating pest when introduced into a new environment. Often the natural controls that are present in the pest's native environment are not present in the new area, allowing the pest to flourish.
identifying the proper pest, finding out where and how the pest is getting in, and starting pest management. Following are brief descriptions of common urban pests. For each pest listed there is a picture, a guide to its actual size, a general description of the pest, whether it's a nuisance pest or a health concern, and some basic control
Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission Fiscal Year 2011 Report to Governor As required by O.C.G.A. 43-45-8 (3), the Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission submits the follow annual report. The Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission met monthly during Fiscal Year 2011 on the following dates:
An Integrated Pest Management decision shall consist of the following steps: 1. Identify pest species. 2. Estimate pest populations and compare to established action thresholds. 3. Select the appropriate management tactics based on current on-site information. 4. Assess effectiveness of pest management. 5. Keep appropriate records.
Definition Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a comprehensive approach that combines effective, economical, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable methods to prevent and solve pest problems. IPM emphasizes pest prevention and provides a decision-making process for determining IF pest suppression is needed, WHEN it is needed, WHERE it .
