A FRESH LOOK AT IGNITION
4210 rue Jean-Marchand, Quebec, QC G2C 1Y6, CanadaPhone: 418 688 9067 / 800 567 0791 / 810 222 4525 (USA)Fax: 418 843 3444 / Email: info@consulab.comA ConsuLab PresentationA FRESH LOOK AT IGNITIONMAY 2018
A F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O NThis written text will loosely follow the ConsuLab presentation of A Fresh Look at Ignition. Feel free to copy or re-duplicate and use in your classes. If possible, we always appreciate a nod to ConsuLab for supplying it. In this presentationwe will look at some of the variables involved in the different systems on the road. There is no way that all systems canbe covered so you will have to adapt to what you have available in your school.You will see the use of many different DSO’s in this handout. If you have a choice, use a single channel DSO to startwith. Within ignition there may be a need to sometimes use a dual trace DSO.Some Suggestions: Don’t give out too much theory. Theory for theory sake will do nothing to increase your student’s comprehensionof ignition. Introduce ignition after a basic unit on DSO’s. Once a student knows how to set Volts/Division, Time/Division,use trigger and measure with cursors, they are ready to use the DSO to help them understand the modern ignition system. Frequently classes do not use the DSO to introduce a system. The suggestion here is to have thestudents fill out a basic lab sheet filling in the blanks of voltage, time and what each number really means. In thisway the DSO pattern analysis helps the student understand the sequence of events that make up the generationof the spark. Adding some current probe measurements cements the knowledge. Use a scanner to capture ignition data. Here is where it gets interesting since each manufacture decides whatdata will be displayed on the scanner. Typically, we find limited data available with some vehicles only generatingRPM and ignition advance/retard. Students need to be shown that this limited data, although important, doeslittle to help with diagnostics. Have a printer available. If you adopt some or all this method, your lab sheets will have patterns that your students capture. If students can walk up to a printer and print the pattern off the DSO or scanner rather than tryingto draw it, the pattern can be returned to the student and he/she can begin accumulating their own textbook. The kiss philosophy really comes into play here. Keep it simple! Limited theory, lots of hands on activities andusing the DSO to show how it works rather than why it doesn’t work can greatly increase your student’s comprehension.consulab.com2
A F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O NThe Primary CircuitThe one component in the modern ignition system thatvirtually all systems have in common is the ignition coil. If aThe one component in the modern ignition system that virtually all sysstudentin thiscomponent,tems haveunderstandsin common is thewhatignitionhappenscoil. If a studentunderstandswhat he willunderstandsystems.happens in thisignitioncomponent,he will understand ignition systems.Here is where the DSO comes into play. If you have introduced the DSO to the student and heHerewhere the aDSOcomes intoyou haveT/div,introducedDSO toandthe studentand hewithcan capturea pattern,caniscapturepattern,setplay.up IfV/Div,usethetriggermeasurecursorsthen he canset up V/Div, T/div, use trigger and measure with cursors then he can display a pattern like this.display a pattern like this.Thispatternpatternoff the ConsuLabEM-200-12Ford TFItrainer.TheDSO ofis connecteThiscomescomesoff the ConsuLabEM-200-12 FordTFI ignition trainer.The ignitionDSO is connectedto thenegativetheground. Wethat youstart studentswith a distributedsystemit representstocoiltheandnegativeofrecommendthe coil andground.We offrecommendthatyousincestartstudentsa simplioff with afiedformat that willgive sufficientto the student.First havethe studentB andrecord it. informationNextdistributedsystemsinceinformationit representsa simplifiedformatthatmeasurewill givesufficienttask what happened about mid screen? The answer is the pattern shows a drop in voltage to 0 volts. 0 Volts is groundthe student.First havethewentstudentB thisandrecordNextaskaboutpotential;so, the negativeof the coilfrom B measureto ground. Atpointbring init.voltagedropandwhatwhen ahappenedvoltagedropwe generatelight, heatisandfield.Use a alightbulb into emphasizethis0concept.a simplymidoccursscreen?The answerthemagneticpatternshowsdropvoltage tovolts. Draw0 Voltsis groundcoilofwireorbulbwithpower(B hecoilandpotential; so, the negative of the coil went from B to ground. At this point bring askin voltagewhat it will read? This shows voltage drop and it is this difference that allows current to flow.drop and when a voltage drop occurs we generate light, heat and magnetic field. Use a lightbulb to emphasize this concept. Draw a simply coil of wire or bulb with power (B ) on3one endconsulab.comand ground on the other. Draw a voltmeter across the coil and ask what it will read? This
A F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O NIf we look at current flow for the same system at the same time it will look like this:On the left is 0 amps. Once the difference between the two terminals of the coil is full voltage,current0 to about6 Amps.In thisexamplewecoilareisusingan ampcurrent will ramp orOnthetheleftwillis0rampamps.Once thefromdifferencebetweenthe twoterminalsof thefull voltage,Onleftis or0 ls of the coil is full voprobe thatmV foramp flowing.areanright600 mV6 amps 100 mV for every ampincreasefromgenerated0 to about1006 Amps.Ineverythis examplewe are Vincreasefrom0Taketo about6withAmps.Inanthisexamplewe areusing an gcurrentflow isof voltageflowing.are yourright timeat 600withor 6sinceampsanflowing.youroftimethis sinceunderstandingdropfundamentallybasictheir understandingof mVtoforeveryampflowing.are right at 600 mV or 6 ampscausingcurrentis tofundamentallytheirunderstandingof just about psdisplaytogetherwe heampsdisplaytogethercansee seethe therelationshipbetween dropthe two causingas it oc- currentTakeyourtimewiththissincean weunderstandingof voltagebetween the two as it occurs.curs.fundamentally basic to their understanding of just about everything.If we combine the volts displaybetween the two as it occurs.Voltage is the B channel (on top) and current ytogetherwecan isseetherelationshithebottom).B channel(oncurrenttop) andcurrentthe Achanto rampas theThevoltagedropsto zero.nel up(0njustbottom).currentbeginsto ramp up just as theWhenvoltagethe coildropspositiveis at B andthethecoilnegativeto zero.Whenpositive is at B andis at zero,currentflows.Ohmslawtellsusthe negative is at zero, current flows. thatOhms law tells usVoltageis theBnegativechannel(on top) and curif the thatdifferencebetweenpositiveif the differencebetweenandpositiveand negative is 12is 12 and theofthe Achannel(0nthe resistanceresistanceof thethe coilcoil isis22ohmsohmsbottom).then 6 ampsThewill currentthen 6flowampsas ourpreviousshows. Later we will seeas willour flowpreviousillustrationto ramp up just as the voltage drops to zeillustrationshows.we will seeofthatit isthat will determinethat it isnot justLaterthe resistancethe coilWhenthecoilpositiveis toatdoB not justresistanceof theThecoilmodulethat willthetheamountof current.will have a lotwithand the nedeterminethe amountcurrent.currentThe modulethis function.is atofzero,flows. Ohms law tellswill have a lot to do with this function.consulab.comif the difference between positive and neis 12 and the resistance of the coil is 2 ohthen 6 amps will flow as our previous4illustration shows. Later we will see that
A F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O NIf the DSO can show the entire primary event itIf the DSO can show the entire primary event it willwillreveal,reveal,in order,circuitIf the DSO canshowtheentireprimaryeventitWhenon andin order,primary primarycircuitturn onand off.turnturn offoccursthemagneticfieldcollapse fieldWhentheturnoffoccursthemagneticwill reveal, off.in theorder,primarycircuitturnonwillandwindingsof thecoiland coil andoff. When willtheacrossturntheoffoccursthemagneticyou see at about mid screen. Each division of theproducetheyouatgoesaboutwill collapseacrossthewindingsofthecoilDSO is setto spike50V/Div.Theseespikeup andto mid5 andscreen.aEachdivisionoftheDSOissetto50V/Div.half divisions.5.5atX 50V 275V.So,screen.the collapsing Theproduce the spikeyou seeabout midmagneticfielda voltagespikeof about 275VspikegoesDSOupcreatedto5 anda50V/Div.halfdivisions.Each divisionoftheissettoThe 5.5 Xin the primary. 275V is not enough to jump the airSo,the collapsing 5.5magneticfieldspike goes 50V 275V.upgapto of5 theandpluga halfXbut it isdivisions.a start.voltage spikeof about275V in the50V 275V. createdSo, theacollapsingmagneticfieldprimary. 275V is not enough to jump the air gapcreated a voltagespike of about 275V in theof the plug but it is a start.primary. 275V is not enough to jump the air gapof thebut it is a start.Let’s look at the other side of the coil,theplugsecondary.The secondary consists of many more windings than thes look at the other side of the coil, the secondary.primary and it is this ratio of primary to secondary thatsecondary consists of many more windings than theallows the coil to produce a voltage high enough to jumpmary and itis gapthis ofratioprimaryto secondarythetheofplug.For example,if the thatsecondary hasws the coiltoproduceavoltagehighenoughtojump10 timesmoreandthethereis 275VLet’slook at theotherwindingsside of the coil,secondary.Thein the primarygap of theplug.Forexample,if thesecondarysecondaryof manycouldmorewindingsthanthe haspri-or 10 tisthisratioofprimarytosecondarythatallowstimes morethereis 275Vhasin thethewindingsprimary.andIf thesecondary100primarytimes thethe coil to produce a voltage high enough to jump the gapn the 0voltscouldbeproducedin theofwindingsthe plug. Forexample,if thesecondarytimesprimary. moreIf thesecondary100intimesthethan thewindingsandis 275Vthe Vor 10 times theinprimary.dings then27,500couldvoltscouldbe producedtheIfRememberthe secondaryandhas 100timesthethen 27,500teach that windingsthe primarywinding isondary, d of hundreds of turns of thick wire (to handleRememberandteachthatthe primaryis commember ndof windingturns isofthin secondaryposed of hundreds of turns of thick wire (to handle the curwire.secondarymadewiththinmposed ofrent)hundredsof turnswire (tohandleandThethousandsof turnsofcanofthickthinbesecondarywire.The wire sincetherethousandsis canveryflowingin thesecondary. It isbelittlemadewiththinofwiresincesecondarythereis verycurrent) secondaryandof currentturnsthinlittlein thesecondary.thewirehighthevoltagethecurrenthigh flowingvoltagethatneedstois jumpspark plug gape. The secondarycanbemadewith Itthinsincethat needs to jump the spark plug gap and not the current.the current.re is very andlittlenotcurrentflowing in the secondary. It ishigh voltage that needs to jump the spark plug gapnot the current.consulab.com5
Probably the most important thing for a student toconsider other than did the plug fire, is how long didProbably tit fire for? This is called burn time. Engineers studentto oProbablythemostimportanta studentdeterminedthat theidealsparkwillthinglast forlongerthanit fire for?sider otherotherthanis didthetoplugfire,howlongfire long did.8mSec.considerAnythinglesslikelyproducean r? Thisyouis calledburnthattime.theEngineershave determisfire.itTypically,willfindsparkwillfire for? This is called burn time. Engineers.8mSec.have Aminedthat theideal sparkwillsparklast longerthan.8mSec.last didealansparklastTyplongerthanTAnything less isthatlikelytheto produceignitionwillmisfire.could reduce spark plug life. We can measure thebetweically, youAnythingwill find that thewill lasttobetween.8 andan last.8mSec.lesssparkis likelyproduceignitionspark mS. Longer spark than 2.0mS could reduce primary orplugthelife.secondaryThe or burn spark duraWe canvoltagemeasurewaveform.the spark durationlastbetween.8and2.0mS.Longerspark than2.0mShorizontaltimeline byafterthe inducedvoltagespikeis theprimaryolookingat either theprimaryor thesecondaryburn time. In this example, burn time is about orizontalaftercanthe ontathevoltagespikeburnis thetime.time.Inexample,thisbyexample,timeIn thisburnburntimeiseitherabout ary Voltageis about 1.25mSec or between .8 and 2.0mSec.A F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O NVoltagevoltage waveform. Theprimary orSecondarythe secondaryChanges in the vehicle have made actual measurements of theline aftervoltagespikeis vehictheChangesin thesecondary voltagehorizontaldifficult. If thereare nothepluginducedwires, thenburn time. In this example,measuringburn timesecondaryis aboutvoltage1.25mSecor between.8 andis virtuallyimpossible.There2.0mSec.aresecondary voltage diSecondary Voltagemeasuring secondarsome adapters that will give us a relative voltage. If weSecondaryVoltagesome adapters that wChanges in the vehicle have made actualmeasurementscomparethe spikes on a 4-cylinder vehicle with each other theyof the secondary voltage difficult. If there are no plug wires,compare the spikes oshould all be about the same. Paddle probes can be placed onthetthen measuring secondary voltage is virtuallyChangesimpossible.in the vehicle have made actual measurementsshould all beofaboutThere are some adapters that will givetheus ignitiona relativecoilvolt-and give us this “relative” secondary voltage.ignitioncoil andsecondary voltage difficult. If there are no plugthewires,thenage. If we compare the spikes on a 4-cylinder vehicle withmeasuring secondary voltage is virtually impossible. There areeach other they should all be about the same. Paddlethat will give us a relative voltage. If weprobes can be placed on the ignition coil andsomegive usadaptersthis“relative” secondary voltage.compare the spikes on a 4-cylinder vehicle with each other theyshould all be about the same. Paddle probes can be placed onthe ignition coil and give us this “relative” secondary voltage.Placing the probe on an ignitioncoil of a Ford TFI ignition systemPlacing theprobeon an ignitioncoil of a stemproducedThetellsus thata ark didoccur and the horizontal line (burnoccurtellsand usthehowhorizontal(burn time) tellstime)long lineit sparked.us how long it sparked. The scale at the botThe scale at the bottom or thetom or the screen can be interpreted to givescreencan beto giveburn time,butinterpretedan easier methodis to useburntime, butan easieris an ignitionPlacingthe methodprobe oncursors.to use cursors.coil of a Ford TFI ignition system55consulab.comproduced the following pattern.The spike tells us that a spark didoccur and the horizontal line (burntime) tells us how long it sparked.The scale at the bottom or the6screen can be interpreted to give
The box mid screen top showsthat burn time was .976mSec,which is between .8 andA F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O N2.0mSec. The voltage shown onboth displays is only a relativeTheboxmidmidscreenscreentoptop showsshows that burnThevoltageboxsince everycoil willtime was .976mSec, which is between .8thatburn timewas .976mSec,generatea differentvoltageforbothand2.0mSec.The voltageshown onwhichisbetween.8andthe capacitancecoupledvoltagepaddledisplaysis only a will generatea differentthatvoltageprobe.it to determinebothdisplaysisonlyarelativeforthe capacitancecoupledtherewas a spark.Thepaddlevalue probe.ofvoltagesinceeverythatcoiltherewill was a spark.Use it todeterminethe probe is in its ability to showThe valueof the probeis in itsgeneratea differentvoltageforability tothis spark. However, it can be used to measure how long the sparkor burntimewas.it Burnshowthisspark.However,canthe capacitance coupled paddlebe usedtime is probably the most important thing to teach.to measure how long the spark or burnprobe. Use it to determine thattime was. Burn time is probably the mostthere was a spark. The value ofModule Functionimportant thing to teach.the probe is in its ability to showTheto understandingignitionsystem ishowin thefunctionsthewas.module.this keyspark.However, it canthebe usedto measurelongvariousthe sparkor burnoftimeBurn Whereistheismodulelocated?could be justaboutanywhere. It may be on the distributor, or in theModuleFunctiontimeprobablythe mostIt importantthingto teach.distributer, assuming there is one. It could be under the ignition coils, mounted on the radiatorThekey toFunctionunderstanding the ignition system is in the various functions of the module. Where is the module located? ItModulesupport,inside the ignition coil, or the function of the module might be in the ECM or the PCM.could be just about anywhere. It may be on the distributor, or in the distributer, assuming there is one. It could be ionwill usuallytellfunctionthemwhereit is rignitionsystemissinceinthethevariousof themodule.thecoils,mountedon thesupport,insidecoil,functionsor theofthemodulemight be in theis the module located? It could be just about anywhere. It may be on the distributor, or in theECM or the PCM. Have the students check the wiring diagram since it will usually tell them where it is located.Theignition module is a multi-function device. All modules will have at least 2 functions: turndistributer,assumingthere is one.device.It couldbeunderwillthe ignitionmountedradiatorTheprimaryignition moduleis aandmulti-functionAllmodulesmodulesleastcoils,2 functions:turnonontheprimarycurrent andoncurrentturn it off. Somewillhaveaddatvariabledwell (primaryon time)support,insidemodulesthe ignitionor thefunctionmodulebelimitin theECMFrequentlyor the PCM.turnit off. Somewill addcoil,variabledwell(primaryofonthetime)and/or amightcurrentfunction.a look at aand/ora currentlimitfunction.Frequentlya lookat ausuallyprimarytellcurrentwaveformwill tell themwhereitislocated.primary current waveform will tell the story.story.The ignition module is a multi-function device. All modules will have at least 2 functions: turnon primary current and turn it off. Some modules will add variable dwell (primary on time)and/or a current limit function. Frequently a look at a primary current waveform will tell thestory.The pattern on the left is from a system that has 2 functions: turn primary current on and thenThe pattern on the left is from a system that has 2 functions: turn primary current on and then off. During the rampingoff.During the ramping or saturation time, current builds and causes the magnetic field to alsoor saturation time, current builds and causes the magnetic field to also build. At the end of the ramp or saturation thebuild.theof theandrampor saturationmoduleturns ofoffcurrentthe currentand thetracegoesmodule Atturnsoffendthe currentthe tracegoes back theto zero.The amountin this systemwill beproportionalTheonofthesystemthathas 2iffunctions:turn primarycurrenton andthen on thetothepatternresistancethe leftcoil. isA from2-ohmacoilwill draw6 amps12 volts is acrossthe winding.However,the pattern6rightoff. showsDuringthe rampingor saturationtime,reachescurrenta specificbuilds andthe controlsmagneticfieldtheto amountalso andsomethingdifferent.Once the currentlevelcausesthe moduleor limitswesee aAtflatthelineendafteroftheramp.build.theramp or saturation the module turns off the current and the trace goes6consulab.com7
hange with speed or not change. If it changes, the module has a variable dwell. Theesistance of ignition coils has dropped from as high as 10 ohms, years ago, to less than onehm for many coils today. It is an unreliable test to measure the ohms of the coil primary. ItA FbecauseR E S H LOtheO KcoilAT isI GshortedN I T I O Nor low by design. The most reliable test will be theould be lowDSO.Variable dwell is another way of limiting the amount of saturation but can only be shown live. If you observe how longIf it changes,the module has a variable dwell. The resistance of ignition coils has dropped from as high as 10 ohms, years ago, tothan isonedeliveredohm for manytocoilstoday.It isisanaunreliabletest to measurethe ohms ofTothe coilprimary.aItfullcouldburnbe lowofWhen thelesssparktheplugvery importantfunction.achievebecause the coil is shorted or low by design. The most reliable test will be the DSO.DeterminingTimingtime is and change the speed of the engine the time will change with speed or not change.the saturationhe air/fuel, the plug must fire at the precise time in the intake, compression, power, exhaustycle. This will be done by the module looking at many inputs and will vary from vehicle toDetermining Timingehicle. However,all systems must know the speed of the engine (RPM) and the position of theWhenwillthe sparkis deliveredto the plugis a veryimportantfunction. To achievea fullorburnof the air/fuel,sensors.the plug mustistons. Thisbe donetypicallywitheitherAC magneticsensorsHall-Effectfire at the precise time in the intake, compression, power, exhaust cycle. This will be done by the module looking atmany inputs and will vary from vehicle to vehicle. However, all systems must know the speed of the engine (RPM) andthe position of the pistons. This will be done typically with either AC magnetic sensors or Hall-Effect sensors.AC MagneticDC Hall EffectrequentlyFrequentlythe informationis suppliedby a crankshaftsensor(CKP)enginethe informationneededneeded is suppliedby a crankshaftposition sensorposition(CKP) for enginespeedand aforcamshaftsensor (CMP)for position.peed andpositiona camshaftpositionsensor (CMP) for position.This dual trace pattern is from a Honda Civic and uses 2 Hall-Effect sensors. CKP is in blue and CMP is red.his dual trace pattern is from a Honda Civic and uses 2 Hall-Effect sensors. CKP is in blue andMP is red.consulab.com8
A F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O NDesign VariablesDesign VariablesDesign VariablesThere are many designs under the heading ofmight decide to cover first are those with distare still DI systems on the road, but few manuto multiple coils has been dramatic. It allowsprimary and fire either one of two plugs. On aevery plug. This leaves little time to cool dowTherearearemanydesignsthe headingof IgnitionTheand theoneyou first areTheremanydesignsunderunderthe headingof Ignition Systems.TheSystems.first, and theonefirst,you mightdecideto coverOneA typethosewithdistributors(DI). Frompracticalthere areTypestillDI systemsthe road, butfew manufacturesare systemmightdecideto coverfirst aarethosestandpoint,with tandpoint,there onecurrentlyone. Theonswitchto multiplehas been dramatic.It allows a usingsingle coilto havetime toare stillusingDI systemsthe overroad,but fewcoilsmanufacturescurrentlyone.The plentyswitchoverwillaretypicallyfiretwoplugsat aoftime.They aresaturatethe primaryeitherone of twoItplugs.OnaasingleDI systemmustofdotimeeverythingfor everytheplug.to multiplecoils andhasfirebeendramatic.allowscoiltheto singlehave coilplentyto saturateeach plug fires first on compression while theThis leaves little time to cool down or “rest” between firings.primary and fire either one of two plugs. On a DI system the single coil must do everything forTypeOneDistributerlesseveryplug.This leaves little time to cool down or “rest” between firings.A type one system will have all coils molded into one housingType One Distributerless: A type one system will have all coils molded into one housing andand will typically fire two plugs at a time. They are usuallywill typicallyfirewastetwo sparkplugssinceat a eachtime.plugTheyreferred to as being waste spark sincereferredto as beingfiresarefirst usuallyoneach plug fireson compressionwhilecompanion plug is firing on exhaust. The exhaustcompressionwhile firstthe companionplug is firingon theexhaust.little and is therefor waste. Hence the name.The exhaust spark does little and is thereforsparkwaste.doesHencethe name.Type two system function the same as a waste sparkType two system function the same as a waste spark systemsystem only the individual coils are replaceable.only the individual coils are replaceable.spark doeType twosystem onThe wirinlook the sThe wiring diagrams for either a type one orThea typetwo willwiringdiagrams for either a type one or a type two willlook the same.look the same.8consulab.com9
Noticeas thethe ignitionignition rrentcurrenttotoeacheachNotice thatthat thethe PCMPCM isis functioningfunctioning asAFRESHLOOKATIGNITIONcoilused asas thethe inputinput n. OnOnthesethesecoilindividually.individually. AA CKPCKP isis beingbeing usedsystemsto capturecapture aa primaryprimary currentcurrentisissystems itit isis virtuallyvirtually impossibleimpossible toNoticethe bePCMis functioningas theeachignitionmodulecontrollingprimary currentto eachcoil individually.AonCKPisused.ItIt mberpulsesontheused. thatcanbe usedusedto creenof coils.coils.screen slightlyslightly exceedexceed thethe numbernumber ofvoltage waveform, so primary current is used. It can be used to compare each coil. Control the time/Div so the numberof pulses on the screen slightly exceed the number of coils.Shorted CoilNormal Coilsor opencoil iscoilpresentthe normalwill patternnotbe seen.forseen.a short,the patterngostraightshortedor heIfIfIfaaashortedshortedoris forwillshort,theupandwith anopenwill stay atupzeroandleavegap in itthepattern.patternalsoshowsagapflatintopof thecoil current,patternwillgoitstraightstraightwithana nit so the current limit function of the module is present.Thispatternpattern alsoalso shows a flat top of the coilThiscoil current,current, ofofthethemodulemodulepresent.isispresent.Coil on Plug (COP)Coilonon PlugPlug noverthethe re firedwith a signalfromtheignitioncoil.thetheignitioncoil. TheyTheyareareECM/PCM. In a class, this isfiredwithfromthetracefiredwithaasignalsignalan effectiveuse of froma DSO since heofofsignaland theansoneffectiveusedualcurrentrampof rimaryrampvoltagesignalandthesignaland the current rampsignal.ofofthetheprimary.primary. MostMostofofthese systemssystems havehave nono abilityability totheseto capturecapture aa primaryprimary voltagevoltagesignal.signal. nsulab.com10
primary current ramp and the paddle probe to get the burn time, saturation time, and firingvoltage. The blue trace is the signal from the ECM/PCM and the red trace is coil current. TheseA F R E S H LO O K AT I G N I T I O Ntwo will match when compared for time and they represent the saturation time or dwell of thecoil. These signals come off of the EM-330 Engine Management Trainer.The student must rely on the primary current ramp and the paddle probe to get the burn time, saturation time, and firingvoltage. The blue trace is the signal from the ECM/PCM and the red trace is coil current. These two will match whencompared for time and they represent the saturation time or dwell of the coil. These signals come off of the EM-330Engine Management Trainer.There are some systems that use a multi sparkconfiguration. This Ford Coil On Plug system willTheresomemultiplesystems thatuse tch sto athesinglefiring oncethe vehicleis notaboveidleIf a shorted or open coil is presentnormalpatternwillmultiple times at idle and switch over to a single firingbeonceseen. In(about1000RPM).The patternsforthissystem willthe vehicleis aboveidlewill(about1000 RPM).Thepatternspattern will go straight up and withanopenitstayatzeroandleave aconfusestudentsand studentsbeginningtechniciansfor this systemwill confuseand beginningtechni-socianssomakesureyougo overthemtowardtheof oflimit
A FRESH LOOK AT IGNITION 3 The Primary Circuit The one component in the modern ignition system that virtually all sys - tems have in common is the ignition coil. If a student understands what happens in this component, he will understand ignition
Spark-ignition engines with turbocharger or direct fuel injection require higher spark energies. The high voltage connection between ignition coil and spark plug must be functional and safe. This is where BERU comes in with high-quality ignition cables with suitable contacts or high-voltage ignition coil connectors. 5 OPERATION OF IGNITION
WIRING INFORMATION: 2003 Mitsubishi Montero Sport WIRE WIRE COLOR WIRE LOCATION 12V CONSTANT WIRE WHITE Ignition Harness STARTER WIRE BLACK/YELLOW or BLACK/BLUE Ignition Harness IGNITION WIRE BLACK/WHITE Ignition Harness ACCESSORY WIRE BLUE/RED Ignition Harness SECOND ACCESSORY WIRE BLUE Ignition Harness
control circuit as well as the ignition 1 and ignition 2 relays. 3 GREEN Wire: Ignition 2 Output Connect this wire to the ignition 2 wire from the ignition switch. This wire will show 12 volts when the ignition key is turned to the "ON" or "RUN" p
Ignition Using the Ignition as a template, mark the location of the mount-ing holes on the mounting . plate. Remove the ignition and drill a 1/4” hole at each marked location. Mount the ignition using 10-32 x 3/4” or 5mm x 16mm stainless steel bolts (not supplied). Ignition Coil - Not On Plate
6-Volt Ignition System with Manual Adjustment of Ignition Timing 1 - Spark Plug (candle) 2 - Distributor Rotor 3 - Breaker 4 - Secondary Winding of Ignition Coil 5 - Primary Winding of Ignition Coil 6 - Breaker Hammer 7 - Camshaft Breaker Contact 8 - Breaker Anvil 9 - Condenser (Capaci
of Ignition circuit Æ RPM/ dwell angle of Ignition circuit Æ Timing of Ignition circuit Æ Timing of Ignition circuit Æ Oscilloscope primary/secondary Æ and voltage at terminal 15/1 of Ignition coil Oscilloscope primary/secondary Æ and voltage at terminal 15/1 of Ignition coil T1/1 T1
of Ignition circuit Æ RPM/ dwell angle of Ignition circuit Æ Timing of Ignition circuit Æ Timing of Ignition circuit Æ Oscilloscope primary/secondary Æ and voltage at terminal 15/1 of Ignition coil Oscilloscope primary/secondary Æ and voltage at terminal 15/1 of Ignition coil T1/1 T1
Agile software development therefore has a focus on: . Scrum is one of the most popular agile development methodologies. Scrum is a lightweight framework designed to help small, close-knit teams of people to create complex software products. The key features of the scrum methodology are as follows: Scrum team: A team of people using this methodology are called a “scrum”. Scrums usually .
