Objective: SW Explain How Mesopotamian Civilizations .
Objective: SW explain howMesopotamian civilizationsdeveloped.
Do First: VocabularyCivilizationadvanced society with complexsocial, cultural, and politicalsystems
In the NeolithicRevolution, peoplestopped hunting andgathering. Instead, they startedto farm. This led to a surplusof food!
Now that everyone didn’t need to worry about growing food,they could specialize in jobs!Specialization “Division of Labor” Dairy farmer Tool maker Wheat farmer Pottery maker Jewelry maker
The Birth of Civilization We will be learning about the four oldestcivilizations in 6th grade.––––MesopotamiaEgyptIndiaChinaToday, we begin ourunit on MESOPOTAMIA
Mesopotamia The First Civilization! Located in the Fertile Crescent– Fertile soil good for growing food– Crescent shaped like a crescent
Civilizations of Mesopotamia Many importantcivilizationsbloomed AssyriaNew BabyloniaPersiaASSYRIAAKKADBABYLONIASUMER
Mesopotamia Mesopotamia “land betweentwo rivers”– LocatedbetweenEuphratesRiver & TigrisRiver– Both riversflow into thePersian Gulf
Tigris River
Euphrates River
Euphrates River
Label the following on your map
Complete pg. 3 in guided notes packet
Do First:"The Fertile Crescent was made up mostly of grassy plains.While this area was fertile and good for farming, it lackedresources such as stone, wood, and metal.”What hardships might these shortages have caused for thepeople who lived there?
What were the benefits ofliving between two rivers?
What were the challenges ofliving between these rivers?
Floodplain the flat land bordering thebanks of a river, where water is spreadduring a flood.
Drought: a long period when too littlerain falls is called a drought.
Mesopotamians overcame the challengeof floods and droughts by Learning to “tame” the rivers withirrigation– Irrigation helped them trap the water andredirect it to (or away from) crops
Surplus more than what is neededor used; excess; leftover; extra
Make a list of things you may have asurplus of at home How did having a surplus of crops affecttrade and jobs in Ancient Mesopotamia?
Mesopotamia had few natural resources.
Mesopotamia had no forests to provide wood. did not have much stone. had few minerals, such as metal.
So they built their houses out of mud andreeds. (More examples on pg. 30)
day3
Do First: copy and complete Geography of Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is the land between theRiver and theRiver. These rivers are important toMesopotamia because Irrigation is important because
SW identify the majorinventions of the Sumerians andhow we use them in moderntimes
Sumer: The First Civilization Civilization: advanced society with complexsocial, cultural, and political systemsSOCIALSTRUCTUREEach state had distinctsocial hierarchy, orsystem of ranks.Most people were peasantfarmers.Women had legal rights;some engaged in trade andowned property.RELIGIONWorshiped many gods.Believed gods controlledevery aspect of life.Saw afterlife as a sadplace. Everybody would gointo darkness and eat dust.To keep the gods happy,each city built aziggurat, or pyramidtemple.GOVERNMENTCity-states with hereditaryrulers.Ruler led army in war andenforced laws.Complex government withscribes to collect taxesand keep records.
Sumer:The First Civilization Sumer was a collection of 12city-states– Not united by a central government– Instead, each city-state was run by an ensi
Inventions of Sumer We will make a book called.Imagine the World Without the Sumerians! Include the following on each page– 1) Invention– 2) Illustration– 3) Explanation of contribution “The Sumerians usedfor ”– 4) Imagine the world today if the Sumerians had not made thisinvention “If the Sumerians had not invented , then ”
IRRIGATION Because the Tigrisand Euphratessometimes floodedor dried up, theSumerians needed tolearn how to “tame”the rivers The invention ofirrigation helpedthem trap the waterand redirect it to oraway from crops
ZIGGURATS Ziggurats were usedto worship the gods ofa city. It was believedthat the godsdescended to theEarth using theziggurat as a ladder.
WRITING Sumerians invented theworld’s first system ofwriting called cuneiform It was used for traderecords Scribes wrote bypressing a reed into a
BRONZE Tin copper bronze Sturdy metal goodfor makingweapons Stone Age endsand Bronze Agebegins!
THE NUMBER 60 Sumerians decided thatthere are 60 seconds ina minute, and 60minutes in an hour. They even figured outthat there were 360degrees in a circle andabout 360 days in theyear!– If you’re a farmer, whywould it be important toknow that there areabout 360 days in a year?
WHEEL The Sumerians invented the wheel!
SAIL The Sumeriansinvented the sailso that they couldeasily transportgoods to thePersian Gulf. Thisinvention helpedtrade a ton!
Exit Ticket In my opinion, the most importantSumerian invention was thebecause
Day 4
Objective: SW explain the differencebetween primary and secondary sources.
Primary and Secondary Sources Primary– Any fossil, artifact,document, orrecording– Created AT the timeof study– Examples: Lucy’sbones, cave paintings,laws, famousspeeches Secondary– Any interpretation oranalysis of a fossil orartifact– Created AFTER thetime of study– Examples: textbooks,Powerpoints
Standard of Ura box the size of a briefcase, made around 2600 BCdiscovered in Southern Iraq in 1920
Questions to Consider What might have been the use of the Standard ofUr? What materials were used to make the Standard ofUr?– Based on the materials used, what can we inferabout the Sumerians? What does the Standard of Ur show us aboutSumerian culture?
What’s therelationshipbetweenwar andpeace inSumerianculture?
What might have been the use of theStandard of Ur? Unknown!– Maybe a standard (held on a pole andcarried into war)– Maybe a case for carrying a musicalinstrument
What materials were used to make theStandard of Ur? Lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, red marblefrom India, shells from Persian Gulf
What does the Standard of Ur tellus about Sumerian culture?
What does the Standard of Ur tellus about Sumerian culture?
What does the Standard of Ur tellus about Sumerian culture?
What does the Standard of Ur tellus about Sumerian culture?
What does the Standard of Ur tellus about Sumerian culture?
What’s therelationshipbetween war andpeace in Sumerianculture?The ability to get rich islinked to winning war;the ruler must protecthis wealth by wagingwar. He commands thearmy on one side andfeasts on the other.
DAY 6: WRITING
Vocabulary Do FirstScribeA person who writes
Objective: SW describe theSumerian system of writing.
Cuneiform Sumerians inventeda system of writingcalled cuneiform Cuneiform began becausemerchants needed to keeptrack of trade Pictorgraphs laterbecame cuneiform
CuneiformThe Life of a Scribe Scribes pressed a reedstylus against a tablet ofsoft clay and producedwedge shapes Scribes were consideredmagical Let’s pretend to be scribesand practice writingcuneiform!
Complete pg. 7in guided notes
LIBRARIES Royal Library of Ashurbanipal in the Assyrian cityof Nineveh was the first library in the world. It contained 20,000 clay tablets, including thetablets which contained the Epic of Gilgamesh.
The Epic of Gilgamesh Archaeologists discoveredThe Epic of Gilgameshwritten in cuneiform on aseries of 12 clay tablets The oldest recorded storyin the world!!! It’s about a Sumerian kingwho lived around 2500 BC.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (1)Once upon a timea powerful king calledGilgamesh ruled thecity of Uruk. Urukwas a busy city on theflat Mesopotamianplain near the banksof the Euphratesriver.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (2)King Gilgameshand his friend Enkidusoon became boredwith everyday life inUruk. They wanted tosee the world andfind adventure.Gilgamesh suggestedthey journey acrossthe flat plains to thedistant mountains.They could bring backsome wood from thecedar forests.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (3)Now, everyone inUruk had heard storiesof the demon Humbabawho guarded the cedarforests in faraway hills.Humbaba's roar waslike the sound of aflood, his mouth waslike fire, and his breathwas like death.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (4)However, Gilgameshand Enkidu wereexcited by the thoughtof meeting Humbaba.They were both verystrong, and believedthat they could defeathim in battle. Thejourney would certainlyprovide the adventurethey were looking for.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (5)Gilgamesh andEnkidu set out for thecedar forest withenough supplies to lastthem for severalweeks and weapons touse against Humbaba.They left the city ofUruk and began thejourney across theflat plain whichstretched out fromthe banks of theriver.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (6)The two friends traveled very fast. Normally thejourney would take six months but Gilgamesh and Enkidutook just fifteen days.They arrived at themountain and gazed at thewonderful sight. Theforest covered themountain and the cedartrees grew straight andtall. Gilgamesh and Enkidustopped for the night andmade an offering to thesun god Shamash. The nextmorning they entered theforest
The Epic of Gilgamesh (7)They did not meetHumbaba straight away.They climbed themountain until theyreached the peakswhere the air was crisp.Finally, they cameto the place where thebest cedars in theforest grew. They putdown their supplies,chose the tallest treesand prepared to cutthem down.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (8)They had only justtouched their axes tothe trees when theyheard a terrible noise.They both frozewhere they stood.Gilgamesh and Enkiduguessed that thesound was the demonHumbaba.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (9)Suddenly, thedemon stood beforethem. He had teethlike a dragon, a facelike a lion and glaringeyes. In a boomingvoice Humbabademanded to knowwhy they had enteredhis forest.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (10)Humbabathreatened to destroythe two friends ifthey did not leaveimmediately. Hetwisted his ugly faceinto a terrifyinggrimace. Gilgameshwas frightened, buthe and Enkidu decidedto stay and fight.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (13)Gilgamesh and Enkidu cutdown many trees and choppedthem into logs. They lashedthe wood together and carriedit from the forest. At theriver they made a raft, loadedthe logs onto it and set offdownstream to Uruk.After many days theyreached the city. The peopleheld celebrations to welcomehome king Gilgamesh andEnkidu and listened to tales oftheir great adventures.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (11)They summoned thethirteen great windswith the help of the sungod Shamash. The windswere very powerful.They were the northwind, the south wind,the east wind, the westwind, the icy wind, thewhirlwind, the scorchingwind, hurricane, gale,devil-wind, blastingwind, storm wind, andtyphoon.
The Epic of Gilgamesh (12)The great windstrapped Humbaba andhe pleaded withGilgamesh to set himfree, promising to givehim as much timber ashe could carry. ButGilgamesh and Enkidudid not believe himand with one swordstroke Gilgamesh cutoff the demon's head.
DAY 7: Akkad to Babylonand the code of LAW
Do Now: Primary Source “Woe is me, my house is a ruined stable, I ama herdsman whose cows have been scattered I am an exile from the city that has found norest; I am a stranger in a strange land.” These words were written in cuneiform by aSumerian scribe around 2,000 BCE. What do you think happened to cause him towrite such words?
The Fall of Sumer Map: The Fall of Sumer How did Sumer collapse? In 2350 BCE, the Akkadians (led bySargon the Great) conquered all ofMesopotamia. In 1750 BCE, the Babylonians (led by KingHammurabi) conquered all ofMesopotamia.
Sargon of Akkad: “The rightfulKing.” Why is Sargon important?
vocabulary Empire – many different lands andpeoples under the control of one ruler. Emperor – the one who rules an empire iscalled an emperor.
Civilizations of Mesopotamia Many importantcivilizationsthrived AssyriaNew BabyloniaPersiaASSYRIAAKKADBABYLONIASUMER
AkkadAround what year didthe Akkadians conquerthe Sumerian citystates? Who was theirfirst leader? (pg43)The first Emperor,Sargon, conquered theSumerian city-statesaround 2350 B.C.
Objective: SW describe theBabylonian system of law, theCode of Hammurabi.
KING HAMMURABI Hammurabi was anancient king who ruledthe Babylonian Empirefrom 1792-1750 BC. Using cuneiform,Hammurabi createdthe first written setof laws in 1750 BC.
Code ofHammurabi Here’s some examples of Hammurabi’s laws: If a man put out the eye of another man then his eye shall be put out. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal .then his teeth shall be knocked out.Hammurabi’s laws were based onthe principle:“An eye for an eye, atooth for a tooth.”
Code of Hammurabi In Hammurabi's court, itdid not matter if youwere rich or poor. If youbroke the law, and werefound guilty, you would bepunished. Since the lawswere clearly writtendown, everyone wasexpected to obey them.
JUSTICE Code of law – a set of written laws forpeople to obey. Hammurabi thought acode of law would help him control hisempire. The code’s goal was to bring justice, or fairtreatment of people, to everyone in theempire.
Code of Hammurabi 283 laws were carvedinto stone. The top of the stoneshows Hammurabireceiving the lawsfrom the sun godShamash. You can now find thestone at the Louve inParis, France.
Code of Hammurabi What do you think thisimage meant to the peopleof Babylonia? Do you think it causedpeople to obey laws? Why orwhy not?
Code 229 If a builder builds ahouse for a man and doesnot make its constructionsound, and the housewhich he has builtcollapses and causes thedeath of the owner ofthe house, then the builder shall be putto death.
Code 108 If bad charactersgather in the house of awine seller and she doesnot arrest thosecharacters and bringthem to the palace then the wine sellershall be put to death.
Code 143 If the woman has notbeen careful but hasgadded about, neglectingher house and belittlingher husband then they shall throwthat woman into thewater.
Code 195 If a son strikeshis father then they shallcut off his hand.
Code 2 If any one bring an accusation against a man then the accused must go to the river and leapinto the river. If the accused sinks in the river then his accuser shall take possession of hishouse But if the river prove that the accused is notguilty and he escape unhurt then he who had brought the accusation shallbe put to death, while he who leaped into theriver shall take possession of the house that hadbelonged to his accuser.
Hammurabized Classroom Rules Let’s make our own classroomrules based on the Code ofHammurabi. Remember: “Eye for an eye,tooth for a tooth” “if then ”
Act Out the Code of Hammurabi!!! Role #1 Reader. Read the “If ” part of the law Role #2 Offender. Act out what it would look like tobreak the law. Role #3 Offended. Act out what it would look liketo be hurt by someone who broke the law. Role #4 Reader. Read the “ then” part of the law Role #5 Judge. Act out what it would look like topunish the criminal.
Babylon1. Who was the next king tounite Mesopotamia afterthe fall of the Akkadian Empire,and where was hiscapital city?King Hamurabi ruledover Mesopotamia in1792-1750B.C., from thecapital of Babylon.
Day 8
Do Now: Primary Source This mural wascarved onto anAssyrian palace. What can welearn aboutAssyrian culturefrom thisprimary source?
Civilizations of Mesopotamia Many importantcivilizationsthrived AssyriaNew BabyloniaPersiaASSYRIAAKKADBABYLONIASUMER
Assyrians Assyria was located to the north of theFertile Crescent Assyrians conquered Mesopotamiaaround 1500B.C. Their empire lasted for almost 1,000years. They were cruel rulers.
WAR To make armor and helmets, theAssyrians used iron, which is muchstronger than bronze. The Assyrians invented thebattering ram and the catapult.Battering ram
The Assyrians conquered Egypt and ruledover the greatest empire the world hadever seen at that time. They achieved this through great militarypower.
Library of Ashurbanipal
Library of Ashurbanipal The Assyrians were harsh warriors andscholars. Over 20,000 cuneiform tablets on subjectssuch as science, geography, medicine,and religion. Source of most knowledge aboutMesopotamia.
AssyriaIn the stele to the right, draw andlabel pictures toillustrate the military achievementsof the AssyrianEmpire.Then complete these sentences:This stele represents the Assyrianmilitaryachievement of . . .This achievement was importantbecause . . .
Do Now What is the library of Ashurbanipal andwhy is it important?
New Babylonia When the Assyrian empire ended, thecapital city was moved back to Babylon. 587B.C. – Nebuchadnezzar took control ofJerusalem, the capital city of the Hebrews,destroyed their temple and took thousandsof people back to Babylon as slaves.
Like the Assyrians before them, the NewBabylonians were harsh rulers but alsoknown for other achievements. Emperor Nebuchadnezzar II had theHanging Gardens of Babylon constructedwhen he rebuild the city of Babylon.
On the stele to theleft, list a culturalachievement of theNew Babylonians.
Day 9
Catapult The Assyrians conquered Egypt and ruledover the greatest empire the world hadever seen at that time. They achieved this through great militarypower.
Day 10
Persia Cyrus the GreatExpanded the empireFreed the Jews from BabylonRuled through tolerationtaxes
Persia Cambyses II – Son of Cyrus the Great.Ruled after Cyrus, was a harsh ruler. As a result of his harsh rule, the empirebroke out into rebellion after Cambysesdied
Persia Darius Stopped the rebellions during his firstyears as Emperor Expanded the empire
How did Darius rule an empire solarge? Provinces Satraps Minted coins
Mesopotamia Mesopotamia “land between two rivers” –Located between Euphrates River & Tigris River –Both rivers flow into the Persian Gulf Tigris River Euphrates River Euphrates River Label the following on your map Complete pg. 3 in guided notes packet Do First: "
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