Biology Semester 1: Final Exam Study Guide

Name: Date: Period:Biology Semester 1: Final Exam Study GuideTest Date:Unit 1 Review:1. Graphing Terms/Relationships.Define the following terms:1. Independent Variable:2. Dependent Variable:3. Control:4. Qualitative Data:5. Quantitative Data:Draw the type of relationship indicated on the graphs below.DirectIndirectConstantWhich axis would represent the independent variable?Which axis would represent the dependent variable?2. What are the characteristics of living things? Provide an example for each.G:R:O:R:A:C:E:

Graph the data from the table above. Remember to label the x and y axis.3. Levels of Organization: Fill in the blank and provide examples for each level below.Least ComplexAtomExamplesMost ComplexMoleculeExamplesCellExamplesExamplesMuscle TissueExamplesHeartStomachExamplesDigestive SystemSkeletal SystemOrganismExamples

4. MacromoleculesMacromoleculeExamplesElements containedin themacromoleculeMonomer ofMacromoleculeFunction of theMacromoleculeAll macromolecules are organic. What does this mean (What element must be present)?What 2 body systems are most important to help carry/transport these nutrients throughout our body?1. 2.5. HomeostasisDefine homeostasis:NEGATIVE FEEDBACKPOSITIVE st of the feedback mechanisms in the human body are feedbackPositive or Negative

6. Homeostasis-- Osmosis and DiffusionDefine the following terms:Solute:Solvent:Solution:High Concentration:Low Concentration:Equilibrium:Osmosis:Diffusion:Which way would Molecule C move?Which way would Molecule D move?Why do we say that equilibrium is dynamic?Osmosis and diffusion helps organisms to maintain homeostasis. Explain how it is useful in the following examples:1. An individual eats a very salty meal. How would this affect osmosis in their body?2. An individual is exercising and rapidly increasing their heartrate. How does diffusion help to regulate carbondioxide and oxygen in their body?

Unit 2 ReviewPhotosynthesis Equation (in words): (Reactants)(Products)Cellular Respiration Equation (in words): (Reactants)(Products)A student poured a solution of bromothymol blue indicator into three test tubes. Then, he placed an aquatic plant intwo of the test tubes, as shown below. He placed a stopper on each test tube and placed them all in the dark for 24hours. Bromothymol blue turns blue in the presence of O 2 and from blue to yellow in the presence of CO 2.What would happen to test tube 2 and 3 if sunlight wasadded?What would happen to test tube 2 and 3 if you exhaledinto each using a straw?What molecule is this?How is this molecule released?What process creates this molecule?

The 3 steps of Cellular Respiration: Draw the arrows in the direction that energy flows and label each level with the amount of energy it obtainsand whether it holds producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, or tertiary consumers.A:B:C:D:What happens to the energy that is not passed onto the next trophic level?Write whether each increases ( ) ordecreases (-) the amount of CO2 in theatmosphere:Ocean:Photosynthesis:Volcanic Activity:Human Activity:Respiration:

The Earth’s carbon supply is a nutrient cycling process involving all living matter.What processes in thecarbon cycle add CO2 to theatmosphere?What process in the carboncycle removes CO2 from theatmosphere?What does this processrequire?Using the above graph and table, which two pigments need to be absorbed to reach the highest rate ofphotosynthesis?Using the graph and table, which pigment color is absorbed at 600 nm?A student prepared two beakers with identical pieces of a water plant as shown below. She placed onebeaker in the shade and the other beaker beside a fluorescent lamp. She then systematically changed thedistance from the beaker to the lamp. She counted the bubbles given off by each piece of the water plant.Shown here is the graph of the data for the beaker she placed in the light.

Which distance from the light source produced 15 bubbles per minute?What are the air bubbles made of if they increase with the addition of light?Label each pathway:A:B:C:Which pathways do not require oxygen?

UNIT 3 Review1. Topic: Ecological Nichea. Activity: Ecological Niche Activityb. Textbook: Section 4.2c. Practice:i. Define Ecological Niche:ii. What are the components that make up a species’ niche?2. Topic: Population Growtha. Activity: Population Growth Notes and African Lions: Modeling Populationsb. Textbook: Section 5.1 and 5.2c. Practice:i. Complete the concept map for population growthOccurs whenresources areGrowthGrowth2 TypesOccurs whenresources arePopulation GrowthBirth Rate Death RateImmigration Emigration(use , , or e/decrease)Immigration EmigrationWhen When (use , , or )ii. Draw a graph for the 2 types of population growth:iii. Look at the graph to the right:1. As time goes on, species A (increases/decreases). What are 2possible reasons for the change?2. As time goes on, species B (increases/decreases). What are 2possible reasons for the change?Birth Rate Death Rate

1. Look at Year 1-3, what letter does the graph look like?2. In Year 1-3, the population was experiencinggrowth because resources were.3. The population reached the capacityof (#) individuals at Year becausecompetition (increased/decreased).iv. Complete the questions about the graph below:v. Use the table to answer questions about the relationships between the variables.Population Statistics in the United States From 1900 to 1990Live births per thousandDeaths per thousandLife expectancy at birth (yrs)Increase in longevity since 1900 vity is the increase in the number of years someone will live1. From 1900 to 1990, as the birth rate (increased/decreased), the death rate (increased/decreased) and thepopulation (increased/decreased). This is a (inverse/direct/constant) relationship.2. From 1900 to 1990, as the birth rate (increased/decreased), the life expectancy (increased/decreased). This isa (inverse/direct/constant) relationship.3. From 1900 to 1990, as the death rate (increased/decreased), the life expectancy (increased/decreased). Thisis a (inverse/direct/constant) relationship.4. From 1900 to 1990, as the life expectancy (increased/decreased), the longevity (increased/decreased). This isa (inverse/direct/constant) relationship.3. Topic: Successiona. Activity: Succession Notes, Succession Packetb. Textbook: Section 4.3c. Practice:i. Complete the Venn Diagram comparing Primary and Secondary SuccessionPrimary Succession Occurs afterandSecondarySuccession Occurs after,, and Land is covered with Land is covered with Takes to years,which is(longer/shorter) thansuccession. Takes to years,which is(longer/shorter) thansuccession.

ii. Graph the data in the table below and then answer the questions:1. What type of succession is occurring?2. The number of herb species (decreased/increased) because3. The number of shrub species (decreased/increased) because4. The number of tree species (decreased/increased) because4. Topic: HIPPCOa. Activity: Habitat Loss Webquest, Invasive Species: INVASION, Human Population Growth, Pollution Packet,Evidence of Climate Change Activity, Using Models to Predict Future Patterns, Understanding Overfishingb. Textbook: Chapter 6c. Practice:i. Complete the table below summarizing the 6 major threats to biodiversity.Threat toDescription of the threatHow does it threaten biodiversity? What areBiodiversityeffects of the threat?(include 3 types and reasons)HabitatLossInvasiveSpecies(define invasive and native species)PopulationGrowth(define the type of growth in humans)Pollution(include the 3 types and examples)ClimateChange(define causes)Overfishing(define overfishing)ii. Read the following background information about DDT: Starting in the 1940s, the insecticide DDT was used allover the world for killing insects. It was cheaper than other insecticides and was beneficial because itcontrolled malaria-causing mosquitoes and pests that eat crops. However, in the 1950s and 1960s peoplenoticed a decline in the populations of many predatory birds, particularly fish-eaters such as bald eagles,cormorants, ospreys and brown pelicans. The peregrine falcon, which is a predator on other birds, also saw adecline in numbers. The brown pelican, bald eagle and osprey almost went extinct. The use of DDT was

banned in the United States in the early 1970s. During the 30 years before it was banned, a total ofapproximately 1,350,000,000 pounds of DDT was used in the U.S.Bird SpeciesPeregrine falconPeregrine falconPeregrine falconRough-legged hawkGyrfalconAverage amount ofDDT in Eggs (ppm)88967316722.53.88Shell Thickness(mm).24mm.45mm.82mm2.7mm4.2mm1. Which organism in the drawing has the highest concentration ofDDT?2. Based on the table, as the amount of DDT (increases/decreases),the shell thickness (increases/decreases). Therefore, DDT affectsbirds by .How did the DDT get into the birds?

3. Topic: Succession a. Activity: Succession Notes, Succession Packet b. Textbook: Section 4.3 c. Practice: i. Complete the Venn Diagram comparing Primary and Secondary Succession Primary Succession Secondary Succession which is _ (longer/shorter) than _ succession. Look at Year 1-3, what letter does the graph look like?