ATP / ADP Energy - Weebly

Lesson 1ATP / ADPEnergy

Saving for a Rainy DaySuppose you earned extra money by having a job.At first, you might be tempted to spend all of themoney, but then you decide to open a bankaccount.1. What are the benefits of having a bank account?2. What do you have to do if you need some of thismoney?3. What might your body do when it has moreenergy than it needs?4. What does your body do when it needs energy?

ENERGYATP - Adenosine Triphosphate Stores chemical energy released from cellular respiration releases energy for life processes by losing onephosphate, forming ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) Stores energy released from food by adding a phosphateto ADP, forming ATP

Battery ComparisonWhich molecule has more stored energy?ATP

Chemical Energy & Food Calorie: energy needed to raise the temperatureof 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius Chemical energy stored in food (glucose) isreleased by breaking chemical bonds duringcellular respiration

ATP / ADP CycleSTORESenergyATPREMOVE aphosphateADD aphosphateADPRELEASESstoredenergy

ATP / ADP Chemical ReactionsReactants(start with)ATP WaterProducts(end with)HydrolysisenzymesADP P EnergyADP P EnergyDehydrationsynthesis enzymesATP Water

Lesson 2Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Bromothymol Blue DemoWhat substance is Bromothymol bluean indicator for?Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Cellular RespirationBrainpop

Cellular Respiration converts energy stored in the chemical bondsof food molecules to a useable form (ATP) May or may NOT require oxygen (2 types) occurs in the mitochondria and cytoplasm

2 types of Cellular RespirationAerobic Respiration (OXYGEN required!)Equation:Glucose OxygenC6H12O6 O2 Carbon Water ENERGYdioxideCO2 H2O 36 ATPYields a net gain of 36 ATP for each glucosemolecule broken downenergy is released a little at a time through acomplicated set of reactions1) Glycolysis (in cytoplasm)2) Krebs Cycle3) Electron Transport Chain

ansportChainWaterOxygenENERGY(36 ATP)Video: Cell Respiration Bioflix (annimation)

Glycolysis glycol sugar, lysis split produces 2 molecules of pyruvic acid has a net gain of 2 ATP (4 are made but 2are required to start the reaction) no oxygen needed yet

Glycolysis

Kreb’s Cycle breaks down pyruvic acid (from glycolysis)producing CO2 (byproduct) produces electron carrier molecules AKA the citric acid cycle

Electron Transport Chain uses high energy electrons from the Krebscycle electron carrier molecules converts ADP into ATP water is produced (byproduct)

Lesson 3 Anaerobic Respiration / Fermentation

Strongest Student Contest!Let’s see who can hold piles oftextbooks for the longest period of time!

Anaerobic Respiration(a.k.a.Fermentation)– NO oxygen required– Produces only 2 ATP per glucoseWhy do it? Some cells lack enzymes & organellesneeded for aerobic respiration– Ex. Prokaryotes have no mitochondria When oxygen supply is low some animals willdo it as a last resort– Ex. human muscle cells

Alcoholic Fermentation Produces alcohol, CO2, and 2 ATP Performed by yeast (fungi)(needed for baking, wine and beer making)

Lactic Acid Fermentation Produces lactic acid and 2 ATP Performed by some bacteria & by animalcells as a last resort when lacking O2 Associated with muscle fatigue (burning pain) Important in production of cheese & yogurt

Fermentation Equations1) Alcoholic fermentationGlucose Alcohol CO2 2 ATP2) Lactic Acid fermentationGlucose Lactic acid 2 ATPEthanol Alcohol

AerobicOxygen(Glucose)Carbondioxide(36 e)(only 2 ATP)Byproducts

Needs OxygenProduces 36 ATPProduce ATP forcell’s energyProduces waterRequire GlucosePerformed byhumans (allanimals), &plantsProduce CO2 asbyproductEnzymesrequiredNo oxygen usedProduces 2 ATPProduces lacticacid or alcoholPerformed byyeast (alcoholic),bacteria, andmuscle cells

Lesson 4SAT II – Aerobic Cellular Respiration

ansportChainWaterOxygenENERGY(36 ATP)

SATII MaterialCytoplasmGlycolysis(Inner Membrane)Innermost sectionof the mitochondriaKREBS CYCLECristae – Electron Transport Chain

(Cytoplasm)

n(pause 2:04)Anaerobic:uses NOoxygenAll cellscan do it!Glucose2 ATP neededfor activation2 molecules ofpyruvic acidNADH4 ATP (net gainof 2 ATP)CO2 (waste)OxygenMatrix ofAerobicAKA citricmitochondria (needs O2) 2 Pyruvic Acids 8 NADH & 2 FADH2acid cycleRespiration Animation (2:00–3:50)2 ATPAcross theAerobicThe most ATPCristae(needs O2) urs ininner(3:50 to end)Water (waste)membrane)plants,Oxygen (*finalanimals,electron*In somealgae, and acceptor)prokaryotes,someoccursbacteria!)across cellmembrane

Evolved first! Citric acid is constantly broken down and built up toproduce high energy electron carriers!! (NADH and FADH2)Video - Gradients (ATP Synthase)

Lesson 5NYS Lab – Making Connections

of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius Chemical energy stored in food (glucose) is . Innermost section . All cells can do it! Glucose 2 ATP needed for activation 2 molecules of pyruvic acid NADH 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP) Matrix of mitochondria Aerobic (needs O 2)