Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021 Name:

Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021Name:Grade: 9November 2020BiologyChapter 4: Sections 4.1 – 4.2 – 4.4Chapter 5: Sections 5.1 & 5.2Scienceassessment ison December7th, 2020.Key TermsCell cycleDefinitionIt is the cycle of cell division in which cell undergoes throughdifferent stages and finally divides.MitosisIt is the division of the cell nucleus and its organelles.CytokinesisIt is a process in cell division which divides the cell cytoplasm.ChromosomesIt is a long thread of DNA carrying genetic information in the formof genes.CentromereThe central part of a chromosome through which sister chromatidsare attached together.ATPIt is an energy molecule that provides energy for the cell functions.ChemosynthesisIt is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy tomake food.PhotosynthesisIt is a process by which plants make their own food.CellularrespirationIt is a process by which glucose is broken down to release ATP(energy).Light dependentreactionIt is a reaction which requires light and occurs in thylakoid.LightindependentreactionIt is a reaction which does not require light and occurs in stroma.Curriculum Department - AAASPage 1

Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021Chapter 5 Section 5.1THE CELL CYCLEIt is the cycle of cell division in which cellundergoes through different stages andfinally divides. G1 phase (G1): During gap 1, cell carriesout its normal functions. It increases insize and organelles increase in number. Acell spends most of its time in G1 or gap 1.S phase (S): During S phase, the cell makesa copy of its nuclear DNA. By the end ofthis stage, the cell nucleus contains twocomplete sets of DNA.G2 phase (G2): In this stage some additional growth occurs and cell gets ready fordivision.M phase (M): A nuclear division (mitosis) followed by a cell division (cytokinesis) occursin this stage.Section 5.2 Mitosis and CytokinesisMITOSISMitosis is a part of cell cycle during which nucleus dividesto make new daughter cells which are identical to theparent cell.StagesActivitiesInterphaseCell undergoes normal activities. It grows double to its size andproduces more organelles for the division.The chromatin in the nucleus of a cell condenses and becomes visibleunder microscope. Chromosomes are formed.Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.The chromatids separate. They are pulled to opposite sides of thecell.A new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.The cytoplasm starts to divide to make two diploid daughter sCurriculum Department - AAASPage 2

Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021MITOSISCytokinesis:Cytokinesis is the part of the cell division processduring which the cytoplasm of the cell dividesinto two daughter cells.Curriculum Department - AAASPage 3

Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021Chapter 4 Section 4.1Chemical energy and ATPThe energy used for all cell functions iscalled ATP. There is a cycle of this energyproduction in the body cells. ATP isconverted into ADP and the ADP isconverted back to ATP. Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) ----------------wallet full of money Adenosine di phosphate (ADP) ---------------- empty walletSection 4.2 Overview of PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis: It is a process by which plants make theirown food. The plants take sunlight, water from the soil andcarbon dioxide from the air to produce food (glucose) andrelease oxygen.Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of all plant cells. Itoccurs in two steps.Light dependent and light independent reactions:Light dependent reactionIt requires light.It occurs in thylakoids.The product is oxygen and ATP.This ATP is used for light independentreaction.Curriculum Department - AAASlight independent reactionsIt doesn’t require light.It occurs in stroma.The product is glucose which is used byplants.Glucose: C6H12O6Page 4

Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021Section 4.2 Overview of Cellular respirationCellular respiration: It is a process by which glucoseis broken down to release ATP (energy). The cellsuse glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, water andrelease carbon dioxide.Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of allcells. It occurs in three steps.Steps of cellular respiration:Glycolysis: The cells breakdown glucose into 2 three carbon molecules. It occurs incytoplasm and produces 2 ATP.Krebs cycle:ATP and oxygen is used to produce 2 ATP and carbon dioxide. It occurs in matrix.Electron Transport Chain: It occurs in inner membrane and uses 2ATP and oxygen toproduce 34 ATP and water. These 34 ATP are used by living cells to carry out theirfunctions.Curriculum Department - AAASPage 5

Term 1 Assessment Revision Sheet AY 2020/2021Practice these questions:1. is a process in cell division which divides the cellcytoplasm.2. Cellular respiration occurs in the of all cells.3. The electron transport chain produces ATP molecules.4. Light dependent reaction occurs in of chloroplast.5. Light independent reaction occurs in of chloroplast.6. Glycolysis occurs in of the cell.7. ADP coverts to when one phosphate (P) is added to it.8. In stage some additional growth occurs and cell gets ready fordivision.9. During , the chromatids separate. They are pulled to oppositesides of the cell.10. is the central part of a chromosome through which sisterchromatids are attached together.11. The 2nd stage of cellular respiration which occurs in matrix is called.12. is a process by which plants make their own food.13.The products of cellular respiration are , carbon dioxide andwater.14. is a process by which some organisms usechemical energy to make food.15. A cell spends most of its time in stage.Answer key:1: Cytokinesis5: stroma9: anaphase13: ATP2: Mitochondria6: cytoplasm10: Centromere14: ChemosynthesisCurriculum Department - AAAS3: 34 ATP7: ATP11: Krebs cycle15: G1 stage4: thylakoid8: G2 stage12: PhotosynthesisPage 6

Chapter 4 Section 4.1 Chemical energy and ATP The energy used for all cell functions is called ATP. There is a cycle of this energy production in the body cells. ATP is converted into ADP and the ADP is converted back to ATP. Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP)----