Connected & Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) A CAV Roadmap

Connected & Autonomous Vehicles (CAV)A CAVRoadmapfor ScotlandTransport Scotlandtransport.gov.scot2

Contents& foreword1 Introduction2 CAV for Scotland071.1 Our mission202.1 A lignment with the NationalTransport Strategy091.2 Purpose of this document2110111.4 The United KingdomConnected and AutonomousVehicle trajectory1.5 Connected and AutonomousVehicle technologies in theIntelligent Mobility ecosystem1.6 S takeholder consultations onConnected and AutonomousVehicles in ScotlandTransport Scotland454 Conclusion and summary222.3 C hallenges of Connectedand Autonomous Vehicledeployment in Scotland353.3 Scotland’s challenges in maintainingand growing its capabilities2.2 B enefits of Connected andAutonomous Vehicles in Scotland1.3 Our journey so far3.2 Scotland’s strengths in fosteringConnected and AutonomousVehicle development504.1 Scotland is open for business27513 Scotland for CAV11313.1 A unique ecosystem1617A CAV Roadmap for Scotland33Read more online at:www.transport.gov.scot/cav

As we publish the CAV Roadmap, Scotlandis already establishing its CAV credentials onthe world stage with the ground-breakingand globally significant Project CAV Forthin which a consortium of partners fromgovernment, industry and academia arecollaborating in the design, development andoperation of a fleet of full size autonomousbuses between Fife and Edinburgh, across theForth Road Bridge.MichaelMathesonMSPThe development and deployment ofConnected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV)has the potential to bring transformativechange to people’s lives, not just in howwe travel, but in how we work, wherewe live, the environment, and safety. CAVtechnologies also offer exciting potential forScottish industries to be at the forefront ofinnovation and economic growth.As Cabinet Secretary for Transport,Infrastructure and Connectivity I intendScotland to be at the forefront of thesetechnologies as they are developed, testedand implemented.I expect the publication of the CAVRoadmap to act as an enabler for moreinnovative and exciting opportunitiesfor Scotland to be at the forefront incontributing to and developing the futureof transport both in Scotland and aroundthe world.Michael Matheson MSPCabinet Secretary for Transport,Infrastructure and ConnectivityDecember 2019Scotland is ‘open for business’ to test,demonstrate and pilot autonomous vehicletrials, and to showcase what Scotland hasto offer in support of the development offuture intelligent mobility solutions, and thisCAV Roadmap supports our Programme forGovernment commitment for Scotland tobe at the forefront of developments in CAV,offering high quality test and demonstratoropportunities to developers and industry.04

GlossaryThe following is a list of definitions for terms appearing throughout this document:TermDefinitionAdvanced DriverAssistance Systems (ADAS)Vehicle-based intelligent systems developed to automate / adapt / enhance vehicle systems for safety and better driving.Amsterdam GroupA group, named after the venue of the first meeting in 2012, was originally set up to assess and make recommendationsin respect of who invests in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems first: the automotive industry or the infrastructureowners and operators. It has subsequently gone on to define key services to be delivered and how these are expectedto mature. The group includes representatives from the Car-to-Car Communication Consortium, POLIS (a network ofEuropean cities and regions working together to deploy innovative solutions for a more sustainable mobility), Conferenceof European Directors of Roads (CEDR) and ASECAP (Association Europeene des Concessionaires d’Autoroutes etd’Ouvrages a Peage), each of which acts an umbrella organisation for a larger number of members.The role of the Amsterdam Group is to: provide a forum for networking and communication between individualmembers of the group; exchange experience between projects and stakeholders; communicate with EC and other bodies(e.g. ETSI / CEN); propose functional specifications and input for standards development; and identify and seek solutionsto address barriers for deployment.Autonomous /Automated Vehicles (AV)‘Autonomous (or Automated) Vehicles’ are those in which operation of the vehicle occurs without direct driver input tocontrol the steering, acceleration, and braking and are designed so that the driver is not expected to monitor constantlythe roadway while operating in self-driving mode.Connected Vehicles (CV)‘Connected vehicles’ are vehicles that use any of a number of different communication technologies to communicate withthe driver, other vehicles on the road, roadside infrastructure, and to other systems and services via the Cloud.Intelligent MobilityEncompassing everything from autonomous vehicles to seamless journey systems and multi-modal modelling software,Intelligent Mobility uses emerging technologies to enable the smarter, greener and more efficient movement of peopleand goods around the world.Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS)ITS is the deployment, operation, on-going maintenance and renewal of roadside infrastructure such as cable networks,CCTV and traffic detectors, gantry signals, VMS and information travellers via web services, smartphone apps, newsfeeds, social media and radio broadcasts.ITS-G5Local, beacon based, technologies that transmit data between vehicles and infrastructure using special frequencies andprotocols designed for transport.Internet of Things (IoT)The inter-networking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items – embedded with electronics, software,sensors, actuators and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR)An instrument which detects the position and/or motion of objects and which operates similarly to a radar, but whichuses laser radiation rather than microwaves.Living LabA user-centered, open-innovation ecosystem, often in a specific geographical context (e.g. city, region).Mobility as a Service (MaaS)Various forms of transport services integrated through digital mobility service platform(s), accessible by users on demand.MaaS has the potential to change the way people travel from A to B by providing more comprehensive travel planningand retail options, addressing the ‘missing mile’ issue.Original EquipmentManufacturer (OEM)Nominal parlance for Tier 1 Automotive manufacturers which integrate products, components and services to deliver afinished vehicle to the market.Transport ScotlandA CAV Roadmap for Scotland

AbbreviationsThe following is a list of abbreviations and associated definitions for terms appearing throughout this document:AbbreviationDefinitionADASAdvanced Driver Assistance SystemsADSAdvanced Driver SystemsAIArtificial IntelligenceAQMAAir Quality Management AreaAVsAutonomous VehiclesCAV(s)Connected and Autonomous Vehicle(s)CCAVCentre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (UK)C-ITSCo-operative Intelligent Transport SystemsDfTDepartment for TransportDSRDemand-side responseEUEuropean UnionEVsElectric VehiclesGDPGross Domestic ProductHGVHeavy Goods VehicleICEInternal Combustion EnginesI2IInfrastructure to InfrastructureI2VInfrastructure to VehicleIoTInternet of ThingsITSIntelligent Transport SystemsLEZLow Emission ZoneLIDARLight Detection and RangingMaaSMobility as a ServiceMILLMobility Integration Living LabNTSNational Transport StrategyOEMOriginal Equipment ManufacturerR&DResearch and DevelopmentSCDIScottish Council for Development and IndustrySMESmall and Medium sized enterpriseSTEMScience, Technology, Engineering, MathematicsTSNCCTraffic Scotland National Control CentreUNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural -to-vehicleVMSVariable message signVRUVulnerable Road User06

Scotland is open forbusiness to continuethe testing, trialling andrefining of Connectedand AutonomousVehicle technologies.01 IntroductionWithin this section1 Introduction071.1 Our mission091.2 Purpose of this document101.4 T he United KingdomConnected and AutonomousVehicle trajectory1.5 Connected and AutonomousVehicle technologies in theIntelligent Mobility ecosystem1.6 S takeholder consultations onConnected and AutonomousVehicles in Scotland1.3 Our Journey so far11Transport ScotlandA CAV Roadmap for Scotland111617

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1IntroductionThe Scottish Government is committedto developing an integrated, sustainable,accessible and environmentally friendlytransport system.”1.1 OUR MISSIONThe Scottish Government is committedto developing an integrated, sustainable,accessible and environmentally friendlytransport system. The development anduse of Connected and AutonomousVehicles (CAV) and associatedinfrastructure can deliver significant,wide-ranging benefits for the people ofScotland. Through improvements in safetyand efficiency, it has the potential to bringtransformative change to peoples’ lives, notjust in how we travel but in how we work,where we live and for the environment.We are extremely well positioned tobuild on our existing industrial andacademic assets and capabilities whilstsimultaneously developing new skills andcapabilities. We are committed to ensuringthat we are able to deliver the numerousbenefits that CAV technology could bringto the population of Scotland.Scotland is very much open for businessand this is an ideal environment andwindow of opportunity for automotivemanufacturers, academic institutions,regulatory authorities and business leadersto continue the testing, trialling and refiningof CAV technologies here.Transport ScotlandA CAV Roadmap for ScotlandThe adoption of CAV technologies isexpected to deliver both substantialsafety benefits and economic growthattributable to productivity gains and thereduced cost of transport. Opportunitiesexist not only in how we use CAVtechnologies, but also in how we contributeto their development. Scotland has arich heritage in innovation and we arefast becoming a leading player in digitalengineering, with strong capabilities ingaming and simulation, battery technologyand the use of advanced intelligencein image processing and quantumcomputing; all of which are key enablersof development of CAV technologies.When combined with the uniquenessof our road network, challenges indelivering rural mobility and the recognisedcapabilities of our Higher EducationInstitutions, Scotland is a highly attractiveenvironment in which to explore thefurther development of CAV technologies.We are well-positioned to build on ourexisting assets and capabilities whilstdeveloping the new skills required tosupport CAVs.As responsibility for the legal frameworksgoverning a number of emergingtechnologies remain a reserved matter, theScottish Government will work with theUK Government to position Scotland asa global leader in the safe and responsibletesting of automated vehicles. Facilitatingfully self-driving vehicles on our roads by2021 will help deliver the economic benefitsof the Industrial Strategy in Scotland.The initiatives proposed within thisCAV Roadmap for Scotland will help usharness the opportunities and addressthe challenges. The time is now to unlockwhat CAV can do for Scotland, and whatScotland can do for CAV. Scotland is openfor business. We are driven to be at theforefront of this exciting industry andcommitted to ensuring that all of Scotlandbenefits from the development anddeployment of CAVs.