Overview Of UMTS-WCDMA Technology - Aalto University
Helsinki University of TechnologyS72.4210 Post-Graduate Course in Radio CommunicationsOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology24th of January 2006, Mauri Kangas, maukan@iki.fiOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology1
Contents StandardizationCDMA TechnologyWCDMA FeaturesSpreading and CodingWCDAM Air Interface ProtocolUplink Physical ChannelsDownlink Physical ChannelsMulti-Rate SchemesAir Interface ProceduresFuture Targets and TrendsOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology2
IMT-2000 International Mobile TelecommunicationsIMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications: ITU globally coordinated 3G covering key issues such asfrequency spectrum use and technical standards high transmission data rates for indoor and outdoor use symmetrical and asymmetrical data transmission circuit-switched and packet-switched servicesEUROPEAMERICA, JAPAN,KOREAETSICHINAOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology3
3G Frequency AllocationUMTS Frequencies: 1920-1980 and 2110-2170 MHz Frequency Division Duplex (FDD, W-CDMA). Ch 5 MHz, raster 200 kHz. 1900-1920 and 2010-2025 MHz Time Division Duplex (TDD, TD/CDMA). Ch 5 MHz, raster 200 kHz. 1980-2010 and 2170-2200 MHz Satellite uplink and downlink.Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology4
Background: 1G-4G and Network Topology Evolution,Frequency Allocation, Abbreviations 1G networks (NMT, C-Nets, AMPS, TACS) are considered to be the firstanalog cellular systems, which started early 1980s.2G networks (GSM, cdmaOne, DAMPS) are the first digital cellularsystems launched early 1990s.2.5G networks (GPRS, cdma2000 1x) are the enhanced versions of 2Gnetworks with data rates up to about 144kbit/s.3G networks (UMTS FDD and TDD, cdma2000 1x EVDO, cdma2000 3x,TD-SCDMA, Arib WCDMA, EDGE, IMT-2000 DECT) are the latestcellular networks that have data rates 384kbit/s and more.4G is mainly a marketing buzzword at the moment. Some basic 4Gresearch is being done, but no frequencies have been allocated. TheForth Generation could be ready for implementation around 2012.“UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System”Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology5
Multiple Access and CDMA ClassificationUsed in WCDMAin European 3GPPOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology6
WCDMA Characterictics Support two basic modes: FDD and TDD modesHigh chip rate (3.84 Mcps) and data rates (up to 2 Mbps)Employs coherent detection on uplink and downlink based on the useof pilot symbolsInter-cell asynchronous operationFast adaptive power control in the downlink based on SIRProvision of multirate servicesPacket dataSeamless inter-frequency handoverIntersystem handovers, e.g. between GSM and WCDMASupport for advanced technologies like multiuser detection (MUD) andsmart adaptive antennasOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology7
WCDMA SpecificationsChannel Bandwidth5 MHzDuplex ModeFDD and TDDDownlink RF Channel StructureDirect Spread (DS)Chip Rate3.84 McpsFrame Length10 msSpreading ModulationBalanced QPSK (downlink), Dual-channel QPSK (uplink)Complex spreading circuitData ModulationQPSK (downlink), BPSK (uplink)Channel CodingConvolutional and turbo codesCoherent detection User dedicated time multiplexed pilot (downlink and uplink)common pilot in downlinkChannel Multiplexing in DownlinkData and control channel are multiplexedChannel Multiplexing in Uplink Control and pilot channel time multiplexedI&Q multiplexing for data and control channelMultirateVariable spreading and multicodeSpreading Factors4-256 (uplink), 4-512 (downlink)Power ControlOpen and fast closed loop (1.6 kHz)Spreading (downlink)OVSF sequences for channel separation. Gold sequences 218-1 for cell and userseparation (truncated cycle 10 ms)Spreading (uplink)OVSF sequences. Gold sequence 241 for user separation (different time shifts inI and Q channel, truncated cycle 10 ms)HandoverSoft handover, Inter-frequency handover, etc.Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology8
WCDMA Radio Access Modes(WCDMA TDD isbased on TD-CDMA)Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology9
Spreading and De-spreading (1)Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology10
Spreading and De-spreading (2) In WCDMA Spread Spectrum technology the information contents arespread by unique, digital codes (spreading sequences).The basic unit of a code sequence is one chip. The rate of spreadingcode is denominated as chip rate Rc (chip/s or cp/s).The ratio between the chip rate Rc (cp/s) and the information rate Rb(symb/s) is denominated as Spreading Factor SF Rc/Rb.The bandwidth after spreading, B (modulation bandwidth), is in roughterms SF times the bandwidth before spreading W: B SF * W.The bandwidth increases with spreading but spectral power densitynecessary for transmission decreases. WCDMA needs only very smallpower densities, often below the level of natural background noise.Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology11
Coding (1) Physical channel operations: channelization: every bit is transformed into SF number of chipsscrambling: scrambling code is applied to the spread signalIn channelization operation, Orthogonal Variable SpreadingFactor (OVSF) codes are used to preserve the orthogonalitybetween the physical channels of connections operating atdifferent rates. Options are Convolutional or Turbo coding.The SF depends on the bit rate; high bit rate requires low SFand vice versaEach user has its own scrambling code in the uplinkOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology12
Coding (2) Scrambling code is related to a userSpreading code is related to the type of service at a givenbit rateDownlink scrambling code planning: max number of scrambling codes: 218-1, divided into 512 primaryscrambling codes with 15 secondary scrambling codes.each cell has been allocated only one primary scrambling code.Downlink spreading code: max number of OVSF downlink spreading codes is 512all users in a cell share the available channelization codes in theOVSF code treeOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology13
Air Interface ProtocolOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology14
Air Interface Protocol ArchitectureControl PlaneUser PlaneRadio Resource ManagementPacket DataConv. ProtocolBroadcast/Multicast CtrlRadio LinkControlMedia AccessControlOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology15
Air Interface Protocol LayersLayer 3 RRCRadio Resource Management: Assignment of radioresource, control of service quality, bearer servicemanagement, transmission reports, paging, power control, etc.Layer 2 PDCPPacket Data Convergence Protocol: header compression incase of TCP/IP, fro exampleBMCBroadcast/Multicast Control Protocol: submission ofmessages to all or a group of UEs in a cellRLCRadio Link Control: segmentation/de-segmentation, errordetection and correction, flow control, encryption, etc.MACMedium Access Control: multiplex of logical channels totransport channels, selection of transport type, etc.Layer 1 PHYPhysical Layer: error detection and correction for transportchannels, radio measurement and reporting to RRC, splittingand combining data streams for macro diversity and softhandover, adaptation of data rate, synchronization, etc.Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology16
Channels in Protocol ArchitectureDownlinkUplinkDownlink/UplinkOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology17
Logical Channels MAC layer provides data transfer services on logical channels, control andtraffic channels: Control channels Control channel to transfer control plane informationTraffic channels to transfer user plane informationBroadcast control channels (BCCH) - downlink broadcast controlPaging control channel (PCCH) - downlink paging informationDedicated control channel (DCCH) - dedicated between mobile & networkCommon control channel (CCCH) - common between mobile & networkShared channel control information (SHCCH) - for UL & DL (TDD only)Data channels Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) - P2P ch. dedicated to one mobile (UL & DL)Common traffic channel (CTCH) - P2MP ch. for unidirectional dataOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology18
Uplink Physical ChannelsOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology19
Uplink Physical Channels: Frame Structure for UplinkDedicated Data and Control Channel two dedicated and two common physical uplink channels: uplink Dedicated Physical Data (DPDCH) and Control (DPCCH) Channeluplink Physical Random Access (PRACH) and Common Packet (PCPCH) ChannelQ-branchI-branchTPC Transmit Power ControlFBI Feedback InformationTFCI Transport-Format CombinationIndicatorOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology20
Random Access in Uplink slotted ALOHA random accesspreamble: 256 repetitions of signature(16 different Hadamard codes)Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology21
Uplink Physical Channels: Structure of the Random AccessMessage Part Radio FramePRACHDataPRACHControl scrambling with 10 ms complex-valuedscrambling codeOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology22
Downlink Physical ChannelsOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology23
Downlink Physical Channels Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)Physical Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)Primary and Secondary Common Pilot Channels (CPICH)Primary and Secondary Common Control Physical Channels (CCPCH)Synchronization Channel (SCH)Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology24
Frame Structure for Downlink Dedicated PhysicalChannel (DPCH)Downlink DPCH Frame HData2: Ndata2 bitsPilot: Npilot bitsData1: Ndata1 bitsTPC: NTPC bitsTFCI: NTFCI bitsTslot 2560 chips, 10*2k (k 0.7) bitsSlot #0Slot #1Slot #2Slot #iSlot #141 Radio Frame: Tf 10 ms The dedicated transport channel is sent time multiplexed with control informationgenerated at layer 1 (pilot bits, power-control commands, optional transport formatcombination indicator)Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology25
Primary and Secondary Downlink CCPCH Channels During Primary CCPCH (P-CCPCH) 256chips from the start of the frame arenot transmitted - that time isreserved for primary and secondarysynchronization channels (SCH)P-CCPCH differs from DPCH so that noTPC, TFCI or Pilot are not sentP-CCPCH is fixed-rate (30 kbps)downlink data channel.Secondary (S-)CCPCH is variable rateand is sent only when data availableOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology26
Synchronization Channel SCH Synchronization Channel SCH (downlink) is used for cell search, and its dividedinto two sub-channelsPrimary SCH consists of a modulated code (acp) of length 256 chips, repeatedonce in every slotSecondary SCH consists of a modulated code (acpi,k , i 0 63 for scrambling codegroup and k 0 14 for slot) taken from a set of 16 different codes of length 256a here is used to modulate the primary and secondary synchronization codes andindicate the presence or absence of STTD encoding in P-CCPCHOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology27
Multi-Rate SchemeOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology28
Dedicated Transport Channel (DTCH/DCCH) for 64 kbpsDTCHDCCHOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology29
MultirateSchemefor UplinkOverview of UMTS-WCDMA TechnologyMultirateSchemefor Downlink30
Air Interface Procedures - Cell Search Downlink scrambling code and common channel frame synchronization of thatcell will be determined during cell searchAll common physical channel timings are related to the timing of P-CCPCH, soonly the timing of P-CCPCH need to be found outStep 1, Slot synchronization: Step 2, Frame synchronization and code-group identification: SCH’s primary synchronization code is used to acquire slot synchronization to a cellprimary synchronization code is common to all cells, so slot timing of the cell can beobtained by detecting peaks in a single matched filter outputnow secondary SCH is used to find frame synchronization and identify the code-groupof the cells found in the first step. This is done by correlating the received signal withall possible secondary synchronization code sequences and identifying the maxcorrelation value.Step 3, Scrambling code identification: Mobile station determines the exact primary scrambling code used by the found cell.The primary scrambling code is identified through symbol-to-symbol correlation overthe CPICH with all codes within the group identified in step 2.After the primary scrambling code has been detected, the primary CCPCH can bedetected, and the system and cell specific BCH information can be read.Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology31
Air Interface Procedures - Handover Soft handoverSofter handoverInter-frequency handoverHandover between FDD and TDD modesHandover between WCDMA and GSMOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology32
Radio Access Network Technology: Short-Medium TermEvolution Targets Better radio performanceSupport for better UE performanceOptimization of the radio access network architectureÖ Radio Performance Higher spectral densityImproved coverageRadio protocol optimization for shorter radio access latenciesÖ UE Performance Support to minimize power consumptionUse of high peak rates (up to 20-30 Mbps)Ö Radio Access Network Joint utilization of 3G and other wireless access technologies (e.g. WLAN)Ö Increased capacityÖ Very fast access Radio access technologies enabling low cost and power-efficient multi-radioimplementations and improved overall performance (data rate, spectral efficiency,capacity and delay) should be studied Radio access network should be further optimized especially for packet datacommunicationOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology33
Radio Access Network Technology: Long Term Evolution In long term, the performance improvements (spectral efficiency,higher bit rates, shorter delays) of 3GPP radio access should becontinued. Long term peak rates are: The long term spectral efficiency targets are (for best effort packetcommunication): Up to 100 Mbps in full mobility, wide area deploymentsUo to 1 Gbps in low mobility, local area deploymentsIn a single (isolated) cell, up to 5-10 bps/HzIn a multi-cellular case, up to 2-3 bps/HzThe peak data rate targets could be achieved: by gradual evolution of existing 3GPP (UTRAN) and alternate accesstechnologies (e.g. WLAN)Also new access technologies should be considered according to theavailability of additional or re-allocated spectrumOverview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology34
Homework1. What are the main differences between UMTS-WCDMA andCDMA2000?2. How does cell search happen in UMTS-WCDMA?Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology35
References1.2.3.4.5.WCDMA: Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet, Tero Ojanperä,Ramjee PrasadUniversal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS); Physicalchannels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels(FDD) (3GPP TS 25.211 Version 6.7.0 Release 6)Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS); Multiplexingand channel coding (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.212 Version 6.7.0 Release 6)Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS); Spreading andModulation (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.213 Version 6.7.0 Release 6)Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS); Base Station(BS) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104 Version6.10.0 Release 6)Overview of UMTS-WCDMA Technology36
2.5G networks (GPRS, cdma2000 1x) are the enhanced versions of 2G networks with data rates up to about 144kbit/s. 3G networks (UMTS FDD and TDD, cdma2000 1x EVDO, cdma2000 3x, TD-SCDMA, Arib WCDMA, EDGE, IMT-2000 DECT) are the latest cellular networks that have data rates 384kbit/s and more. 4G is mainly a marketing buzzword at the moment. Some .
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Chapter 1 : UMTS Overview 1.1 Introduction Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a 3G cellular telecommunication system. It will be the successor of GSM. UMTS is designed to cope with the growing demand of mobile and internet applications with required quality of service parameters. WCDMA is used for the radio interface of UMTS. It
UMTS FDD (W-CDMA) UMTS Release 4 (2001) Separation of user data flows and control mechanisms, UMTS TDD Time Division CDMA (TD-CDMA), zHigh data rate with UMTS TDD 3 84 Mchips /s z High data rate with UMTS TDD 3. 84, z Narrowband TDD with 1.28 Mchips/s, Position location functionality. Mobile Communication Wireles
GSM and handoffs in WLAN. But first UMTS is introduced and the different levels and parts of the system are described. 3. Introduction to UMTS The third generation mobile communication system UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is successor of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). UMTS networks can be divided in two parts.
UMTS FDD (W-CDMA) UMTS Release 4 (2001) Separation of user data flows and control mechanisms, UMTS TDD Time Division CDMA (TD-CDMA), zHigh data rate with UMTS TDD 3 84 Mchips /s z High data rate with UMTS TDD 3. 84, z Narrowband TDD with 1.28 Mchips/s, Position location functionality. Mobile Communication Wireless Telecommunication 90
UMTS (WCDMA) and cdma2000 Networks Neerav Dalal Award Solutions, Inc. www.awardsolutions.com IEEE METROCON-2001. Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Outline lCurrent scene of Cellular Wireless l3G Technology Landsca
UMTS/WCDMA HSPDA CDMA2000 1 EVDO 3G cellular 802.16 (WiMAX) 802.11a,g point-to-point (Mbps) data 1 802.15-HSPDA, CDMA2000-1xEVDO 3G cellular ata rate enhanced.056.384 IS-95, CDMA, GSM 2G UMTS/WCDMA, CDMA2000 3G D Indoor 10-30m Outdoor 50-200m Mid-range outdoor Long-range outdoor 6: Wireless
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