TOEFL 5lb Book Of Practice Problems

21.8: Answers and ExplanationsChapter 22: Writing Task Type-222.122.222.322.422.522.622.722.822.1: Answers and Explanations22.2: Answers and Explanations22.3: Answers and Explanations22.4: Answers and Explanations22.5: Answers and Explanations22.6: Answers and Explanations22.7: Answers and Explanations22.8: Answers and ExplanationsAppendices: Building SkillsIntroduction to AppendicesAppendix 1: How to Learn Vocab (and anything else)Appendix 2: How English WorksAppendix 3: Consuming & Producing Good EnglishAppendix 4: Achieving Things with WordsAppendix 5: Knowing the SituationsAppendix 6: Making a SentenceAppendix 7: Making Several SentencesAppendix 8: Achieving More Things with WordsAppendix 9: Taking the TOEFLAppendix 10: Bringing Other Test Experience to the TOEFLCitations & AcknowledgmentsAdvertisement

TOEFL 5 lb. Book of Practice Problems, First Edition10-digit International Standard Book Number: 1-5062-1871-713-digit International Standard Book Number: 978-1-5062-1871-7eISBN: 978-1-5062-1872-4Copyright 2017 MG Prep, LLC10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work may be reproduced orused in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution—withoutthe prior written permission of the publisher, MG Prep, LLC.Note: TOEFL, Test of English as a Foreign Language, EducationalTesting Service, and ETS are all registered trademarks of theEducational Testing Service (ETS), which neither sponsors nor isaffiliated in any way with this product.Layout Design: Dan Frey and Mike WolffProduction Editor: Matthew CallanCover Design: Frank CallaghanIllustration and Graphics: Derek Frankhouser

September 5, 2017Dear Student,Thank you for picking up a copy of the TOEFL 5 lb. Book of PracticeProblems. I hope this book provides the guidance you need to get themost out of your studies.In writing this book, we asked a bunch of TOEFL students what theywanted. They said, “Give us a lot of good practice.” So that’s whatwe’ve tried to do.Please tell us what you want, too. If you have any questions orcomments in general, please email our Student Services team attoefl@manhattanprep.com.Or give us a shout at 212-721-7400 (or 800-576-4628 in the U.S. orCanada).We try to keep all our books free of errors. But if you think we’vegoofed, please visit manhattanprep.com/toefl/errata.I look forward to hearing from you. Thanks again, and best of luckpreparing for the TOEFL!Sincerely,

Chris RyanVice President of AcademicsManhattan Prep

HOW TO ACCESS YOUR ONLINE RESOURCESIF YOU PURCHASED A PRINT VERSION OF THIS BOOK1. Create an account with Manhattan Prep at this website:manhattanprep.com/toefl/register2. Follow the instructions on the screen. Your one year of online accessbegins on the day that you register your book at the above URL. Youonly need to register your product once at the above URL. To use youronline resources any time after you have completed the registrationprocess, log in at the following URL:manhattanprep.com/toefl/studentcenterPlease note that online access is nontransferable. This means that onlynew and unregistered copies of the book will grant you online access.Previously used books will not provide any online resources.

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SECTION 1 INTRODUCTIONChapter 1:How to Use This BookREAD MEWelcome! This introduction will help you get the most out of the fivepounds of questions that you just bought.WHAT THE TOEFL TESTSThe TOEFL (the Test of English as a Foreign Language) tests the Englishlanguage skills of people who would like to study at a university orcollege that teaches in English.The TOEFL measures your ability to read and understand passageswritten in general academic English. It also measures your ability tounderstand spoken lectures on academic topics, as well asconversations about common situations that might occur on universitycampuses.Finally, the TOEFL measures your ability to produce functional Englishin response to general questions and to specific short readings,

lectures, and conversations. You’ll speak some responses and writeothers.Like any standardized test, the TOEFL can feel a little artificial. Butremember, you’re planning to attend an English-speaking college oruniversity. The better you get at TOEFL English, the better you’ll be atcollege English.Your preparation for the TOEFL isn’t just preparation for the TOEFL. Itcan help you succeed in your future academic program.WHAT THE TOEFL ISThe TOEFL consists of four separate sections. Each section focuses on adifferent set of English skills: reading, listening, speaking, or writing.The whole test takes between three and four hours.Section 1: ReadingYou will have 60 to 80 minutes to read three or four academic passages.You will answer between 12 and 14 questions per passage. The topicsare drawn from science and the humanities. Most of the questions willbe multiple-choice.Section 2: ListeningYou will have 60 to 90 minutes to respond to questions about somelectures and some conversations. You will listen to four to six differentlectures and answer six questions about each lecture. You will alsolisten to two or three conversations and answer five questions abouteach conversation. Most of the questions will be multiple choice.

Break. There is a 10-minute break between Sections 2 and 3.Section 3: SpeakingYou will have 20 minutes to complete six different speaking tasks. Youwill listen to or read some information and then have between 15 and30 seconds to prepare your response. You will then speak aloud forbetween 45 and 60 seconds.Section 4: WritingYou will have 50 minutes to write two essays. You will be given topicsfor each essay.Go to www.ets.org/toefl for more details and logistics. At the TOEFL’sofficial site, you can sign up for the test, get the latest informationdirectly from the test-makers, and find even more practice questions.The book The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test is another great source ofboth information and practice.WHAT’S IN THIS BOOKBefore you take the real exam, you will want to exercise your skills ona lot of good TOEFL-style questions. That’s why this book exists.This book, together with its online-only chapters, contains over 1,500questions that mirror the content and format of the TOEFL. Theproportions of various question types, topics, and difficultiesroughly reflect the proportions of the exam. That said, we’ve added anextra dose of Reading passages and Listening lectures, becauseacademic material is good for you.

The printed book contains 1,048 questions. We couldn’t fit any moreand stay even close to five pounds! You’ll find hundreds of additionalquestions in the online-only chapters. Be sure to take advantage ofthese additional problems. They’re part of the book.Chapter 2 contains a short diagnostic test, with 28 questions acrosssix different prompts. With this test, you can figure out how toprioritize your studies.Chapters 3 through 6 contain 516 Reading questions across 38academic passages. The first three chapters are organized by topic(Humanities, Social Science, and Natural Science), so that you canconcentrate on the topics you need to practice most. The final chapteroffers mixed practice. Each chapter is followed by an answer key and afull set of explanations (this is the case throughout the book).Chapters 7 through 12 contain 360 Listening questions across 60academic lectures. These six chapters are again organized by topic.Spend more time on the topics that are more challenging for you. ForListening questions, you’ll access the audio tracks online.Chapters 13 and 14 contain 80 Listening questions across 16campus conversations. These chapters are mixed by conversationtype. Again, you’ll access the audio tracks online.Chapters 15 through 20 contain 48 Speaking questions. These sixchapters correspond to the six different types of speaking tasks. Youwill need to record yourself speaking your answers to these questions.Some tasks also have audio tracks for you to listen to.

Chapters 21 and 22 contain 16 Writing questions. These two chapterscorrespond to the two types of writing tasks. You will need to type anessay in response to these questions. Some tasks also have audiotracks.The Appendices provide optional skill-building support. Theappendices include advice about how to learn vocabulary, how topractice reading at a university level, and how to write complexsentences. The appendices also provide guidance about maximizingyour score on test day.Finally, the online-only chapters (23 through 36) contain 456 morepractice questions of every type. Chapters 23 and 24 contain 218Reading questions across 16 passages of mixed topics. Chapters 25 and26 contain 102 Listening questions across 17 lectures of mixed topics,while Chapters 27 and 28 contain 75 Listening questions across 15conversations of various types. Chapters 29 through 34 contain 46Speaking questions, representing all six types. Chapters 35 and 36contain 15 Writing questions, representing both types.4 WAYS TO USE THIS BOOK1. Practice and PrioritizeNow that you’ve opened the book, put pen to paper. Do somequestions! Get started with the Diagnostic chapter.Use your results to help you decide which sections of the test you wantto address first. Start with a weaker area—but don’t start with yourweakest area. Give yourself an opportunity to improve something. This

will help motivate you to keep going. And, as your overall skillsimprove, you will make more progress on your weakest area.Study consistently—every day, if you can. Often, people think that ifthey don’t have time to study for two or three hours, they shouldn’tbother to study today. That’s not true! Even 20 or 30 minutes can makea big difference—if you do it every day.2. Practice in Various WaysHere are a few ideas.Do some questions untimed and do others timed. By doing somequestions without timing yourself, you give your brain a chance towrestle with the issues in a less stressed way. That can be good forlearning. But you should also do some questions under time pressure.After all, the real test will put you on the clock. Ultimately, you shouldpractice as you play: mimic real test conditions most of the time,especially as you get closer to test day.Here are some timing guidelines:Reading: 20 minutes per passage (and accompanying questions).Spend a couple of minutes scanning the passage to get the main ideas,then dive into the questions. Fortunately, the questions follow thegeneral order of the passage, so you don’t have to jump around.Listening: 10 minutes per lecture or conversation (and accompanyingquestions). After you listen to the audio, you will have approximately 6to 7 minutes left to answer the questions.Speaking: Train yourself to use all but 5 to 10 seconds of the given timefor that task. For instance, if you are given 60 seconds to respond, aimto respond in 50 to 55 seconds. This will help you to make sure you give

a complete response in the given time.Writing: Spend about two minutes brainstorming and organizing youressay. Then start writing. Leave yourself about three minutes at the endto re-read your essay and fix any errors or typos. (It’s okay if you stillhave some errors! That is expected.)Do some questions individually and do others in sets. At first, stopafter each question and check your answer. See what you can learnfrom that question before you try another. As you progress, though,shift more and more of your work to sets of questions. You don’t haveto do a huge number of questions at once. But doing a full passage, ordoing one of each of the six Speaking tasks in a row, is a more realisticworkout.Do some sets of questions and/or passages by topic or type and doother sets that are mixed. The traditional way to develop a skill is todrill it: Do the same kind of question/passage, or nearly the same kind,repeatedly. This approach works up to a point. On the real test, you willhave to jump around among topics. So practice “mixed” sets, in whichyou do passages, lectures, or conversations that are not so closelyrelated to each other. Doing mixed sets forces you to become better atswitching gears and distinguishing cases—just like the real test willforce you to do.3. Practice, Review, and RedoYou will probably want to do some of these questions more thanonce. So don’t write in this book. Instead, do your work in a separatenotebook. Then you can come back later and redo passages andquestions under time pressure. That way, you can be sure that you cantackle similar material on the real exam. You have lots of questionsavailable to you, but you don’t always want to do new material. Going

back over the same ground again—really forcing yourself to redo thework—may be the most valuable part of your preparation.4. Put This Book DownSeriously! Now go get a different book: The Official Guide to the TOEFLTest or one of the volumes of Official TOEFL iBT Tests. These booksare from ETS, the makers of the TOEFL.Why on earth would we recommend that you use a different book fromthis one? The reason is that every third-party TOEFL preparation book—every book written by people like us who are not the test-makers—mustfall a little short. Only the Official Guide (or materials that you get fromwww.ets.org/toefl) can provide actual questions retired from theTOEFL.At a couple of points along the way, especially toward the end of yourpreparation, do a timed practice test using real TOEFL questions.Make sure that you apply test-room conditions as best you can—turnoff your cell phone, close the door, make sure your spell-check andgrammar-check are turned off when you write your essay, etc. Thenscore your results.Such practice tests give you the most authentic measure of what youmight get on the real exam that day. No practice test is perfect, evenone with retired TOEFL questions in it, but you want to be able to trustyour practice test score as much as possible. That score is not destiny—far from it! A practice test is not a crystal ball. But you need to knowyour current level as accurately as you can, so that you can figure outwhat you need to practice in order to get even better.

A great one-two punch for the TOEFL is this five-pound book for yourworkouts, plus The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test for practiceexams.4 TIPS FOR TEST WEEK—AND TEST DAY1. Do less new—redo old. The week before the test, your goal is toreview what you already know. Avoid doing too many new questions. Infact, it’s totally fine just to redo questions you’ve already seen. Youneed to rehearse what you know and feel good about it. You don’t wantto try to learn too much, tire yourself out, and crash on test day.2. Sleep enough. There is no substitute for sleep. Your brain absolutelyneeds it. Prioritize the TOEFL over other commitments the week beforethe test. Stick to a consistent sleep schedule—go to bed at the sametime every night and get up at the same time every morning. If you arenervous the night before and don’t get enough sleep, you will still beokay if you got enough sleep for the week before.3. Take a shot and move on. During the test, avoid getting boggeddown on any one question. Take your best guess or make your bestattempt. Then forget about that question and proceed to the next one.You won’t feel great about every single answer—that’s okay. You canstill get a good score even if you mess up a few questions.4. During the break, get up and drink a little sugar (a certain kind ofsugar). The exam is a physical marathon as much as it is a psychicordeal. By getting up and walking around, you re-energize your body,which is what your brain rides around in. On long tests that tax you

physically and mentally, use your break to get back some of yourmental energy.Did you know your brain runs on glucose, a simple sugar? Quickdelivery of glucose to your brain has been shown to counteract decisionfatigue—the stupefied mental state you get into after you’ve made awhole bunch of decisions. Decision fatigue can easily strike whenyou’re taking a long test.Drink a little pure fruit juice or fresh coconut water. Do not chug a giantsoda or some weird energy drink. Also stay away from caffeine. (Youneed to recover mental energy, not physical energy. Also, you don’twant to have to go to the bathroom in 15 minutes!)Get rid of that decision fatigue, and you’ll start the next section in amuch stronger and readier state of mind.***That’s it—you’re ready! Head for the Diagnostic Test. Good luck!

Chapter 2:Diagnostic TestThe following diagnostic is a miniature version of the TOEFL. End toend, it will take you 70 to 75 minutes. The purpose of this shortdiagnostic is to expose you to the material and help you focus yourstudies, not to predict how you will do on the TOEFL. Do the best youcan, of course. But interpret the results as guidance for your work, notas destiny.Here is the format of the diagnostic:SectionQuestionsTime1. ReadingOne passage 14 questions20 minutes2.One lecture 6 questions20 minutesListeningOne conversation 5 questions3.One “Personal Choice” speaking task (type 2)5–10SpeakingOne “Academic General/Specific” speaking taskminutes(type 4)4. WritingOne “Integrated” writing task (type 1)25 minutes

Set a timer for each section and do just that section. For Sections 1 and2, write your answers down on a separate piece of paper. For Section 3,record your spoken response for later review (a smartphone is good forthis purpose). For Section 4, type your response into a word processingprogram. Turn off spell-check and grammar-check features.When you are ready, set a timer to count down 20 minutes. Turn toSection 1 and begin working.

SECTION 1: READINGOne passage 14 questions.20 minutes total.

2.1 Ice on the Antarctic PeninsulaThe Antarctic Peninsula juts out from the mainland body ofAntarctica, and includes the northernmost point on the continent. Over

800 miles (about 1,290 kilometers) in length, the peninsula extendsmore than three degrees

6.1 Developmental Plasticity: Answer Key 6.2 Depletion of California's Aquifers: Answer Key 6.3 Difference and Analytical Engines: Answer Key 6.4 The Black Death: Answer Key 6.5 South Asian Carnivores: Answer Key 6.6 Coal Mining: Answer Key 6.7 The Sixth Amendment: Answer Key 6.8 Signaling Theory: Answer Key