Air And Atmospheric Deposition Of PFAS In North Carolina
Air and Atmospheric Depositionof PFAS in North CarolinaTEAM 4:CO-LEADS: RALPH MEAD (UNCW; MEADR@UNCW.EDU)BARBARA TURPIN (UNCCH; BJTURPIN@EMAIL.UNC.EDU)INVESTIGATORS: M. SUN (UNCC); R. KIEBER, G.B AVERY, S. SKRABAL , J.WILLEY (UNCW); J. SURRAT T, K. BAUMANN, W. BODNAR, Z. ZHANG (UNCCH)NC PFAS Testing (PFAST) Network, a research program funded by the NC Policy Collaboratory
Motivation: Measurements: air and atmospheric deposition, even far from point sources Human exposure: Airborne PFAS contributes directly (through inhalation) andindirectly (through deposition to watersheds and water supplies) Sources: production facilities (e.g., Chemours), use of PFAS-containing productsnear industrial and military sources (e.g., military bases, household products),fugitive emissions from waste streams (contaminated soil, wastewater, landfills). Atmospheric PFAS Transformations: Limited knowledge regarding PFASatmospheric abiotic reactions and drinking water impacts Elevated concentrations: indoors, near industrial sources, urban areas.Fate and effects are poorly understood: depend on composition,gas-particle partitioning, atmospheric chemistry, water solubility.Atmospheric PFAS research is quite limited
Research QuestionsWhat PFAS compounds are presentin ambient NC air?in wet deposition?What is the contribution of wetdeposition to the Cape Fear watershed?Does gas-to-particle conversion(multiphase atmospheric chemistry)alter the fate of small polar gaseousPFAS species, as we have seen forsimilar non-fluorinated organics?Non- Point sourceemission(regional transport,contaminated soil,landfill)gas phasePointsourceemissionMulti-Phase ChemistryParticledepositionPrecipitationWhat is the geographic distribution andwhat does this tell us about sources?hν
Planned Approach1. Event-based wet/dry deposition sampling: in Wilmington and selectedother2. Integrated gas and particle sampling: every 6th day for one year.Wilmington, Chapel Hill, Charlotte, Greenville, Fayetteville3. Intensive real-time measurement of highly polar gases: 1-2 weeks.Wilmington (exact mass chemical ionization mass spectrometry)4. Chemical analysis: UPLC-ESI-HR-QTOF-MS. OASIS WAX cartridges5. Calculate: deposition to Cape Fear watershed6. Examine: influence of backtrajectory, geography, season, sources7. Laboratory experiments: of multiphase chemistry of hexafluoropropyleneoxide (HFPO)
Air Mass Back Trajectory and GenX rainwater ConcentrationE 177511/21-22/17GenX 3 ppt (ng/L)0.26 inches at UNCWpH not analyzedE 178112/8-9/17GenX 500 ppt (ng/L)1.8 inches at UNCWpH4.68
Atmospheric multiphase chemistry of epoxidescan alter the gas-particle partitioning, fate and effects.Hexafluoropropylene oxideHFPO (C3F6O)Surratt and colleagues
Questions?
Iodide CIMS5 – 800 pg/m3urban and rural European sitesBarber et al., J. Environ. Mon. 2007HILIC or RP UPLC-ESI-HR-QTOF-MSOur DL: 14 pg/m3Real time (2 min)Exact massSmall polar organic gases
Hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO)C3F6OTrifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl etherC3F6OC8HF17O2 (Fluoroether)
Chemours Fayetteville Works FacilityEmissions of GenXData from DAQ August 2018 update
Several of these PFAS sub-classes havebeen detected in atmospheric samples.Do members of these classes decomposein the atmosphere or undergo othertransformations? Do these compound(s)impact drinking water through wet/drydeposition?Wang et al Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 2508 2518
Method Summary – Sample ProcessingSubsample 500 mLStore 500 mLCollect water in 1 L HDPEbottles; Pour 500 ml of sampleinto graduated cylinders forvolume measurementadd 25 ul of surrogateto 500 mL of sampleAll samples Treatedsame way Trip Spike Blanks Unknowns CalibrationLC/MS-MS analysisFilter water sampleswith pre combustedGF/F glass fiber filterLoad onto SPE tube WatersPlus style WAX SPE bed
Wet deposition of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Northern GermanyRainwater PFAS Concentrationin LiteratureDreyer et al.Environmental Pollution 158 (2010) 1221–1227
Atmospheric Particulate Organic Matter (APM)Yu et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52,8205-8214
PFAS in House Hold DustEnvironment International 94 (2016) 315–324
Multiphase Environmental Concentrations ofPFASKim and KannanEnviron. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 8328–8334
Landfill Atmospheric EmissionsAtmospheric Environment 45 (2011) 935-941
Landfill Emissions Impacts AtmosphericConcentrations of Neutral and Ionizable PFASin ChinaTian et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 1301 1310
Atmospheric PFAS Transformations: Limited knowledge regarding PFAS atmospheric abiotic reactions and drinking water impacts Elevated concentrations: indoors, near industrial sources, urban areas. Fate and effects are poorly understood: depend on composition, gas-particle partitioning, atmospheric chemistry, water solubility.
2.2. Deposition and characterization of metal films An evaporative deposition chamber (ULVAC VPC-260F) was used for metal deposition, and characterization was primarily done by SEM observation (JEOL JSM-7000F). Thin films of Au, Al, Ti, and Pd were deposited onto the VASWNT arrays. The deposition rate and thickness of the
6 Vacuum Deposition Processing 145 . 6.1 Nucleation, Growth and Modification 145 6.2 Managing Heat Load 160 6.3 Web Winding in Vacuum 172 6.4 Troubleshooting 190 References 193 . 7 Vacuum deposition 199 . 7.1 Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) 200 7.1.1 Resistance Heated Evaporation 200 7.2 Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) 218
This mineral breaks down rapidly and buffers or neutralizes acidity. The result is that a given level of acid deposition may have deleterious ecological effects on only part of the landscape, determined by how rapidly minerals break down among other factors, in combination with the load of acidity in atmospheric deposition.
Lampedusa is located in an ideal po sition for the study of atmospheric DOC fluxes to the open Med 78 Sea. The site is interesting, in particular, to investigate the mineral dust contribution (mean dust deposition 7.4 g m -2 79 year-1, Vincent et., 2016) to DOC deposition. Lampedusa is a fla
o air pollution o changes in land use o tropospheric oxidants o acid rain o climate changes o ozone depletion o . atmospheric chemistry has an impact on atmospheric dynamics, meteorology, climate The aim is 1. to understand the past and current atmospheric constitution 2. to predict future atmospheric constitution 3.
Obtaining Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Use this as an individual lab using small rectangular pans or as a class demonstration to determine how weathering, erosion, and deposition occur. Does having ground cover help prevent weathering, erosion, and deposition.
metal that is relatively rare and costly to refine, as well as relatively brittle, limiting its use in flexible applications; and ii) fabrication of ITO and related TCE's requires vacuum-based deposition pro-cesses, such as physical vapor deposition (e.g., sputter deposition or thermal evapo-ration) or chemical vapor deposition. The
Anatomi dan Histologi Ginjal Iguana Hijau (Iguana iguana) Setelah Pemberian Pakan Bayam Merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Di bawah bimbingan DWI KESUMA SARI dan FIKA YULIZA PURBA. Bayam merah merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung beberapa zat gizi antara lain protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kalium, zat besi, dan vitamin. Di sisi lain, bayam merah juga memiliki kandungan oksalat dan purin yang bersifat .
