A Guide To Rain Gardens - Clemson University
a guide toRain GardensIN SOUTH CAROLINA2016LEARN ALL ABOUT RAIN GARDENS AND THEIR POTENTIAL TOPROTECT LOCAL WATER QUALITY.STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO DESIGN, BUILD,PLANT AND MAINTAIN A RESIDENTIAL RAIN GARDEN.CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL2
AUTHORSKim Counts MorganelloWater Resources Agent, Clemson ExtensionAmy E. Scaroni, Ph.D.Extension Associate, Clemson ExtensionCONTRIBUTORSKatie BuckleyDirector, Clemson University Center for Watershed ExcellenceCal Sawyer, Ph.D.Associate Professor, Clemson UniversityDan Hitchcock, Ph.D. P.E.Associate Professor, Clemson UniversitySarah White, Ph.D.Associate Professor, Clemson UniversityMary Martinich Tweel, PLAREVIEWERSGuinn Wallover, Water Resources Agent, Clemson ExtensionTerasa Lott, Water Resources Agent, Clemson ExtensionCathy Reas Foster, Water Resources Agent, Clemson ExtensionBreann Liebermann, Water Resources Agent, Clemson ExtensionRachel Davis, Water Resources Agent, Clemson ExtensionAmy Dabbs, Horticulture Agent, Clemson ExtensionCaroline S. Counts, Clemson Extension Master GardenerPHOTOSAll photos are courtesy of Kim Counts Morganellounless otherwise noted3RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
TABLE OF CONTENTSRain Garden Basics.2Siting the Rain Garden. 4Sizing the Rain Garden.5Shaping the Rain Garden.6Planting the Rain Garden.8Find Out More. 10Rain Garden Worksheet. 11South Carolina Native Plant List. 12Sample Designs. 14This manual is adapted from Clemson Extension’s publication: Rain Gardens, A Rain Garden Manual for South Carolina, 2012CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL4
RAIN GARDEN BASICSThey work with nature to collect, filter and infiltrateDID YOU KNOW?Rain gardens are NOTmosquito breeding grounds.Rain gardens typically drainHow do they work? in under 24 hours, whileRain gardens are designed tomosquitoes require 7 to 10mimic the natural water cycle.days of standing water toIn an undeveloped landscape,lay and hatch eggs.runoff, while showcasing a variety of colorful and low-rain falls on natural areas such asmaintenance plants. Rain gardens thrive when filled withforests or fields, and soaks into thenative plants that don’t mind getting their feet wet,soil, recharging groundwater for eventual uptake and usebut can also tolerate dry periods.by plants. Developed landscapes in cities or neighborhoodsWhat is a rain garden?Rain gardens are depression gardens designed and located to receive water runoff from a roof, driveway, or lawn.Why are they important?2increase the area of impervious surfaces and block rainfallfrom soaking into the soil. Rain gardens are a greatImpervious surfaces, such as rooftops, driveways, sidewalks,solution to capture flow from impervious surfaces andand roads prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground.allow it to infiltrate. Rain gardens not only reduce theWhen it rains on these hard surfaces, this water becomesquantity of stormwater and potential flooding, but theystormwater runoff, which picks up pollutants that havealso preserve downstream water quality. Rain gardens trapbeen left on the ground — such as pet waste, excesssediment and associated contaminants, promote biologicalfertilizers, litter, oil, and gasoline — and sweeps themprocesses that remove pathogens, and store or removedownstream.Water that flows into storm drains emptiesexcess nutrients. These low-maintenance landscapeinto nearby waterways untreated; as a result, stormwaterfeatures prevent pollution from flowing downstream andrunoff is currently the greatest threat to water quality.contaminating local waterways.RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
DIAGRAM OF A RAIN GARDEN125Rainwater and stormwater collectin the depressed garden bedPlants grow, providing beautyand habitat in your yardPlants take up water3Water filters through soil and pollutantsare removed4Groundwater is rechargedShould I install one in my yard?You will need to make sure your yard has the correctdrainage conditions for a rain garden. Use a simplepercolation (perc) test: Dig a hole at least 6 inches deep by 6 incheswide, and save the excavated soil for a soil test. Fill the hole to the top with water. Observe the hole periodically and note how manyinches have drained each hour — ideally, thewater will drop between 1- 6 inches in the firsthour. Consider an additional perc test to ensureproper site selection. If the water is gone in 24 hours or less, you havegood soil for a rain garden. Place dry, excavated soil (from the hole you dug)in a paper or plastic bag and submit to your localClemson Extension office for testing ( 6/sample).TOP: Is this a good site for a rain garden?BOTTOM: Find out by using a “perc” test to determine if the site hasadequate drainage.If your soil doesn’t drain well, consider a bog garden or backyard wetland as a rain garden alternative.CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL3
SITING THE RAIN GARDENGo with the flowWhen you select a location for your rain garden, it is veryimportant to watch how water flows across the landscapeduring a storm event. Be sure to site the rain garden inthe best location to intercept stormwater runoff.PRO TIPS: Locate rain gardens at least 10 feet from building foundations. Keep rain gardens at least 25 feet away from septic system drain fields. Avoid areas when the water table is less than 18 inches deep. If you areunsure, contact the local Natural Resource Conservation Service office. Call #811 in S.C. before you dig to avoid buried cables and pipes. Full or part sun will give you more plant options, but shaded rain gardenscan still be beautiful and functional.Getting rain to your rain gardenRain gardens are typically installed to capture runofffrom rooftops, lawns, and driveways. Water flowing offthe roof via gutters and a downspout can be directedthrough a downspout extender into the rain garden.Downspouts can even be diverted into arain barrel or cistern, and the overflowcan be directed to the rain garden.No gutters? A rain garden is stillan option. Observe the flowof water during a rainstorm.Does water travel downthe driveway or sidewalk?Does it sheet flow acrossyour lawn? Does water tendto congregate in a certain areaDID YOU KNOW?Even shady raingardens full of fernsand other shade-tolerantplants can provide erosioncontrol and a popof color.of your yard? After doing somebasic detective work, this shouldhelp to identify an ideal rain gardenlocation. A rain chain may be helpful for directing watertowards a rain garden.TOP: Downspout extenders can be used either above or below ground totransport water to a rain garden.BOTTOM: Overflow from rain barrels can be directed towards rain gardens.4RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
SIZING THE RAIN GARDENThe size of the rain garden depends on three things:available space, total area of impervious surface, andsoil type. First, measure all of the impervious surfacesthat will contribute runoff to the garden. Generally,this will only include a portion of the rooftop andperhaps a sidewalk or driveway as well. Measuringimpervious surface area is easy:1. Measure the length and the width of thesurface (feet).2. Multiply the length by the width for the totalarea (square feet).3. If measuring several surfaces, add each ofthe areas for a total impervious surface area(square feet) that you expect to be directedto the rain garden.The size of your rain garden can be calculated as apercentage of this total, based on the results of thepercolation test. For sandy, well-drained soils, the rain gardenshould be approximately 20% of the totalimpervious area. For loamy or poorly drained soils, rain gardenshould be at least 30% of the impervious area,but possibly up to 50%.See Rain Garden Worksheet on page 11.TOP: Be sure to properly size the rain garden so it can handle the volumeof water directed its way.BOTTOM: Use a tiler or garden hoe to loosen the soil when digging andshaping the rain garden.DID YOU KNOW? A 1000 square foot roof area can generate600 gallons of water during a one-inch rain event!Rain garden plants are adapted to surviving both wetand dry periods, so the plants will thrive even if therain garden doesn’t fill up from every storm. LocateRain barrel overflow canbe directed to rain garden.drought-tolerant plants closer to the perimenter ofthe rain garden.pop quiz!You want to install a rain garden to capture runofffrom your 25ft. x 25ft. roof. You have sandy soils.What size rain garden do you install?Answer: With sandy, well-drained soils, the rain garden only needs to bearound 20% of the size of the area draining to the rain garden, or 125 sq. ft.CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL5
SHAPING THE RAIN GARDENRain gardens come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Kidneyenergy, and slowly infiltrate to groundwater. Since a rainbean shaped rain gardens are a popular choice — thegarden is a “depression” garden, you will need to excavateopen area allows more surface for water to pool, losethe area, digging down approximately 10-12 inches. Usethe removed soil to create a berm along the “downstream”edge. The berm will hold water in the rain garden, allowingtime for infiltration. This is the most physical part of raingarden creation, so you may want to invite a few friendsover to help.Rain gardens are designed to capture one-inch of rainfalland infiltrate the water within three days. In the case oflarger storms, rain gardens are designed to overflow througha simple dip in the berm on the downstream side of thegarden (which can be reinforced with river rock to ensurestability of berm). The overflow can be directed towardanother area that can infiltrate water, such as a landscapedbed or lawn.6RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
Rain gardens shouldbe at least 8-10 ft.long in the directionof water flow.Water FlowRocks can be used to reinforce the berm, allowing for overflow duringheavy rainfalls.THE DIRT ON AMENDING SOILSHealthy soilTo give your rain garden plants an extra boost and promote infiltration, it is a good idea to amend soil withcompost and sand. Sand will help with infiltration, and compost will help create a healthy soil environmentfor plants and beneficial microbes to grow and remove pollutants. Ideally, try for a mix of 20-30% existingsoil, 20-30% compost, and 50-60% sand. Mix well for a “salt and pepper” look indicating a mix of soil,sand and compost.Amending the soil creates the right mix to provide for healthy plant growth and stormwater infiltration.CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL7
PLANTING THE RAIN GARDENDID YOU KNOW?The best times to plantin South Carolina arespring and fall!Once the rain garden site has been prepared, the nextConsider seasonality ofstep is to pick out and install plants. Choose from smallplants when selecting yourtrees, shrubs, perennials and grasses (especially nativeplant palette, and try toplants — which are particularly adapted to our local SCselect complementary plantsconditions) to add color, attract pollinators and beautifythat will bloom at differentthe landscape. Rain gardens will be dry most of thetimes, providing year-roundtime, except for brief periods following storms, so it isappeal. Perhaps a dwarf palmettoimportant to pick hardy plants that can tolerate both(Sabal minor) will be the focal point indry and wet conditions. For ideas, check out the plantwinter, while summer showcases a colorful beautyberrylist at the end of this manual as well as these other(Callicarpa americana). Create interest by including a mixresources from Clemson Extension:of woody plants, grasses and perennials that provide a1. Carolina Yards Plant Databasediverse array of textures and contrast.clemson.edu/cy/plants A searchable plantdatabase that allows for selection of plants basedon personal preferences, yard characteristics, andintended plant use — includes a specification forrain gardens.2. SC Waterways Fact Sheet Seriesclemson.edu/hgic/water Visit this site for moredetailed information on a number of rain gardenfriendly plants.Beautyberry and black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia fulgida) add a pop of colorto your rain garden.8RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
When designing a rain garden, consider how people willinteract with it over time. Will the rain garden serve as aformal focal point in the front yard or more of an informalwildflower mix? Some rain gardens may feature a varietyof plants to attract wildlife such as pollinators and birds,while others showcase a monoculture of a single grass orfern species. Get creative to design a rain garden that willbe the envy of the neighborhood.away from plant stems. Opt for hardwood mulches andavoid pinestraw or pine bark mulches. When possible,select cedar mulch, not cypress mulch, as cypress mulch canbe harvested from cypress-tupelo swamps.MaintenanceEstablished rain gardens are low maintenance, butthey still require attention. Follow these tips for an easymaintenance regime:PRO TIP: Plant in groups of 1’s, 3’s, 5’s, and 7’s. Irrigation: Water plants in times of drought.Even though rain garden plants are drought-Grouping similar plants in odd-numberedtolerant, they may need a boost when establishingclusters creates a natural look and feel.and during hot, dry periods. Learn to recognize Rain gardens typically need fewer total plants;give them time to grow before filling in gaps.Mulch Matterssigns of plant stress and monitor local rainfallwith a rain gauge. Be sure that a water source isavailable before siting the rain garden. Plants: It is not necessary to fertilize rain gardenplants. These plants will get all the nutrientsAfter the plants are installed, it’s time to mulch. Mulchthey need from runoff. Be sure to maintain theis an important feature of a rain garden because it:plants by regularly pruning and trimming, and Helps to retain moisture in times of droughtremove weeds. Moderates soil temperature Provides cover to the soil, creating a healthybalance of microbes to break down pollutants Serves as a weed barrier, helping to keep outunwanted plantsSpread a layer of mulch across the rain garden, aimingfor a depth of 3-4 inches. Avoid piling mulch around thebase of the plants, making sure to keep it several inches Debris: Clear any litter, leaves, sticks or other plantmaterial from rain garden inlets and overflows toprevent clogging. If the rain garden fills in to thepoint that it is no longer a depression, remove theupper layer of material and reshape. If water doesnot appear to be infiltrating, aerate using apitchfork to poke small hoes in the surface. Mulch: Add fresh mulch as necessary to maintainappropriate depth.CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL9
PHOTO: KATHY STONEFIND OUT MORE Why plant a rain garden? Rain gardens helpstormwater soak into the ground, address floodingand erosion issues, protect downstream waterquality, attract wildlife, and add beauty tothe landscape.For more information, check out the Carolina RainGarden Initiative for supporting resources, including: Virtual Rain Garden for step-by-step video tutorials Demonstration Rain Gardens Rain Garden Tracker to showcase your rain garden Professional Rain Garden Design and Installers Programs and Workshopswww.clemson.edu/raingarden10RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
RAIN GARDEN WORKSHEET1. Did your soil drain in under 24 hours during the percolation test?YESNOIf no, consider a wetland or bog garden.If yes, how fast did it drain? Less than 6 hours: quick draining soil. 6 to 12 hour range: standard draining soil. Closer to 24 hours: slow draining soil.2. Is your soil quick, standard or slow draining (may fall between categories)?3. Indicate the type impervious surface draining into your rain garden (this is your catchment area).Circle all that apply: Roof Driveway/Sidewalk Lawn (semi-impervious/sheet flow) Other4. Estimate your total catchment area in square feet.(Find this by multiplying length x width).Reminder: If your rain garden will receive water from multiple impervious surfaces (e.g. roof, drivewayand sidewalk), add the estimated area for each surface to determine total catchment area.Size your rain garden based on drainage characteristics of your site’s soils (quick, standard, or slow).NOTE: Recommendations suggest minimum sizes — you can always make a bigger rain garden. Quick draining soil should be at least as large as 20% of the catchment area Standard draining soil should be at least as large as 20-40% of the catchment area Slow draining soil should be at least as large as 30-50% of the catchment areaEXAMPLE: An individual has a 1200 square foot roof, but only directs half of their roof towards their raingarden; therefore, the catchment area is 600 square feet. When they performed a percolation test, thewater drained in less than an hour at a rate of 6 inches per hour. They have quickly draining sandy soils.How should they size their rain garden?Based on soil type, the rain garden only needs to be 20% of the total catchment area.600 square feet of catchment area x 0.20 120 square feetThe rain garden should be around 120 square feet, which could be accomplished by a 10' x 12' footprint.CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL11
RECOMMENDED NATIVE PLANTS FOR SC RAIN GARDENSPlant list adapted by Kim Counts Morganello, Terasa Lott and Dr. Sarah White from the Rain Gardens, A Rain Garden Manual for South Carolina, 2012 publication.G R ASSESS C R e g io nCommon NameS ci enti fi c N amePlan t Ch aracteristicsAllBig BluestemAndropogon gerardiiBlue-green color; deep roots; drought-resistant; full sun; tallgrass reaching 6 to 8 feetAllLittle BluestemSchizachyriumscopariumAttracts birds and mammals; clumping warm-season grass,full sun; slender blue-green stems turn red with white seedtufts in fall; color remains in winter; grows 2 to 3 feet in heightAllRiver OatsChasmanthiumlatifoliumTolerates dry soils, dangling oats are ornamental and copperin fall; clump forming, shade, 2 to 3 feet in heightAllSwitch GrassPanicium virgatumTolerant of flooding; good erosion control; sun; add textureand contrast to the garden; grows 2 to 5 feet in heightAllSweetgrass, MuhlyGrassMuhlenbergia capillarisAttracts birds and beneficial insects; drought tolerant onceestablished; requires good drainage; sun; fluffy pink to purpleflower stalks in the fall; grows 3-4 feet in heightS C R e g io nCommon NameS ci enti fi c N amePlan t Ch aracteristicsAllColumbineAquilegia canadensisErect branching perennial; showy flowers; best in shadeand well-drained soils; 3-5 year lifespan and re-seeds easily;grows up to 2 feet tallAllSwamp MilkweedAsclepias incarnataValuable to butterflies; small rose/purple flowers bloom inmid-summer; sun; grows 2 to 4 feet tallAllButterfly MilkweedAsclepias tuberosaAttracts butterflies; slow to establish; easy to grow from seed;hardy plant with orange flowers; full sun; 2 to 3 feet tallAllWater Canna,Louisiana CannaCanna glaucaTropical looking plant that blooms from April-October; sunto part shade, moist to wet soils; grows approximately 3 to 6feet tallAllJoe Pye WeedEutrochium purpureumAttracts butterflies; showy flower heads of pink to purpleflowers; can grow up to 6 feet tallAllNarrowleafSunflower,Swamp SunflowerHelianthus angustifoliusWet to dry conditions; salt-tolerant; yellow daisy blooms thatbloom profusely in the fall; will spread; tall sunflower-likeheight reaching 6 to 8 feet tallCoastal PlainDune Sunflower,Beach SunflowerHelianthus debilisDry, sandy conditions; yellow daisies bloom profusely fromspring to fall; more shrub-like than the narrowleaf sunflower;will spread; 2 to 3 feet tallCoastal PlainTexas Star, ScarletHibiscusHibiscus coccineusFull sun; clumping; deciduous; striking scarlet-coloredblooms 6 inches in width from July through September; grows4 to 7 feet tallAllRose Mallow;Marsh MallowHibiscusHibiscus moscheutosTolerates wet conditions; can grow near water or inseasonally wet places; salt-tolerant; shrubby with large whiteto pink flowers; grows 3 to 8 feet tallCoastal PlainVirginia Iris,Southern Blue FlagIris virginicaBest in wet, acidic, sandy soils; sun; violet blue flowers withyellow and white crested falls; grows up to 3 feet tallAllBlazing StarLiatris spicataGood source of nectar and seeds for wildlife; straight andslender perennial; tall spike of purple flower heads; grows3 to 4 feet tallAllCardinal FlowerLobelia cardinalisAttracts butterflies and hummingbirds; part sun to shade;can tolerate wet conditions; showy red flower spikes; grows1 to 3 feet tallAllBlue LobeliaLobelia siphiliticaAttracts butterflies and hummingbirds; part sun to shade; cantolerate wet conditions; bright blue flowers; grows 1 to 3 feet tallP E R EN N I AL S12RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
P E R EN N I AL S, C ON’ T.S C R e g io nCommon NameS ci enti fi c N amePlan t Ch aracteristicsAllBeebalmMonarda didymaAttracts butterflies and hummingbirds; sun to part sun;red to purple flowers; fragrant leaves have minty aroma;vigorously colonizes; 3 feet tallAllBlack-eyed Susan,Orange ConeflowerRudbeckia fulgidaAttracts birds and beneficial insects; sun, tolerates dry andmoist soil; yellow-orange flowers; blooms late summerthrough early fall; grows 1-3 feet tallAllCutleaf ConeflowerRudbeckia laciniataLarge yellow coneflower-like flowers with green center;attractive to pollinators and good seed source for wildlife;grows 1 to 4 feet tallAllGoldenrodSolidago spp.Attracts pollinators; falsely accused of fall allergies; bloomstight clusters of small yellow flowers; blooms in fall; sun;height ranges dependent upon species from 2 to 8 feet tallAllStoke’s AsterStokesia laevisAttracts butterflies; prefers moist, well-drained soil butadapts to many conditions; produces numerous, solitaryflower heads with blue rays and blue florets from the disk;sun to part shade; 12 to 30 inches tallAllIronweedVernonianoveboracensisAttracts butterflies; tolerates water inundation; deep greenleaves and small red-purple flowers occur in loosely branchedclusters, grows 5 to 8 feet tallS C R e g io nCommon NameS ci enti fi c N amePlan t Ch aracteristicsAllLady FernAthyrium filix-feminaYellow-green to green fronds; clump forming; part to fullshade, prefers moist areas of rain garden, should be wateredin dry conditions; 18 to 36 inches tallAllCinnamon FernOsmunda cinnamomeaPart sun to shade. Ideal for back drop and moist areas of therain garden; 3 to 4 feet tallAllSensitive FernOnoclea sensibilisLush green; rusty-gold in fall; part shade to shade;spreads easily; 3 to 4 feet tallAllRoyal FernOsmunda regalisDelicate, bright-green fronds; part shade to shade;tolerates a variety of wet soils; 2 to 3 feet tallAllChristmas FernPolystichumacrostichoidesRobust, leathery, evergreen fern; requires at least partialshade; prefers moist but well-drained soils, will not tolerateclay; grows 1.5 to 3 feet tallFERNSS HR U B S AN D S MA LL TRE E SS C R e g io nCommon NameS ci enti fi c N amePlan t Ch aracteristicsAllAmericanBeautyberryCallicarpa americanaStriking purple berries on new growth; yellow fall color;deciduous; sun to part shade; up to 6 feet tallAllButtonbushCephalanthusoccidentalisAttracts hummingbirds; white button flower; salt-tolerant;tolerates flooding; grows up to 8 feet tallAllVirginia SweetspireItea virginicaFragrant white tassel flowers; deep red or purple fall foliage;sun to shade; deciduous; medium sized shrub growing up to6 feet tall and 4 feet wideAllSwamp AzaleaRhododendronviscosumSweet fragrant flowers in summer; part shade; one of SouthCarolina’s native azaleas; deciduous; grows up to 6 feet tallSandhills toCoastal PlainDwarf PalmettoSabal minorNative palm that slowly spreads; black berries; droughttolerant; suitable for coast; evergreen; grows up to 10 feet talland 6 feet wideSandhills toCoastal PlainSaw PalmettoSerenoa repensNative palm; provides design contrast in the rain garden withtriangular shape; evergreen; sun to part shade; 5 to 12 feet tallAllSpicebushLindera benzoinAttracts birds and butterflied; fragrant leaves; chartreuseflowers; deciduous; part shade to shade; grows up to 8 feet tallCAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL13
RAIN GARDEN SAMPLE DESIGNS: FULL SUN RAIN GARDEN20'BLACK EYED SUSAN (12)SWEETGRASS (5)TEXAS STAR (3)BEE BALM (7)8.5'SAW PALMETTO (1)WATER CANNA (5)SERVICE BERRY (1)BUTTERFLY MILKWEED (5)14RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEARSTOKES ASTER (3)
SHADE RAIN GARDEN20'RIVER OATS (3)COLUMBINE (3)LADY FERN (12)8.5'SENSITIVE FERN (15)CARDINAL FLOWER (3)BEAUTY BERRY (1)CINNAMON FERN (13)BLUE FLAG IRIS (7)RIVER OATS (16)COLUMBINE (3)CAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL15
LINEAR BUTTERFLY RAIN GARDEN18'BLUE LOBELIA (10)JOE PYE WEED (3)5'BUTTONBUSH (1)BUTTERFLY MILKWEED (10)IRONWEED (21)VIRGINIA SWEETSPIRE (1)16RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
NOTES AND SKETCHESCAROLINA CLEAR RAIN GARDEN MANUAL17
Carolina Clear is a comprehensive approachdeveloped by Clemson University to inform andeducate communities about water quality, water quantityand the cumulative effects of stormwater.www.clemson.edu/carolinaclearFOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT:www.clemson.edu/raingardenAdditional information about rain gardens in South Carolina.www.clemson.edu/cyInformation about responsible yard care.www.clemson.edu/hgicGardening, lawn care and pest information from theClemson University Home and Garden Information Center.www.clemson.edu/watershedTechnical training and watershed management outreach.Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programsto people of all ages, regardless of race, color, gender, religion, nationalorigin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender identity,marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer.1RAIN GARDEN MANUAL CAROLINA CLEAR
Rain gardens are depression gardens designed and locat-ed to receive water runoff from a roof, driveway, or lawn. They work with nature to collect, filter and infiltrate runoff, while showcasing a variety of colorful and low- maintenance plants. Rain gardens thrive when filled with native plants that don't mind getting their feet wet,
Base Controller Brand Base Controller Model Add-on Brand Add-on Model Based Controllers Add-on Qualifying Products List as of Aug 01, 2021 . Rain Bird ESP-LXME Rain Bird IQ4G-USA Rain Bird ESP-LXME Rain Bird IQNCC4G Rain Bird ESP-LXME Rain Bird IQNCCEN Rain Bird ESP-LXME Rain Bird IQNCCRS. Page 5 of 5
What is acid rain? Acid rain is defined as rain with a pH of below 4.0 - 4.5. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6, which is slightly acidic. What are the effects of acid rain? Acid rain increases the acidity levels of rivers, lakes and seas. This can poison fish. Acid rain increases the acidity levels of soils. This can slow or even kill plant .
RAIN GARDEN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM . RAIN GARDEN EDUCATION WORKSHOP . HAMILTON TOWNSHIP . MERCER COUNTY . dripline of trees 7. Provide adequate space for rain garden p. 17 . . landscape fabric) Completed Rain Gardens . Roof Runoff . Design . Installed Rain Garden . Parking Lot Runoff .
Garden (now Hershey Gardens). Milton and Kitty Hershey with friends in High Point gardens, ca. 1911. Henry Hohman visited Hershey Gardens in 1971. He donated more than 400 varieties of conifers, Boxwoods, Hollies and other ever-green plants to Hershey Gardens, in 1967. During the 1950s and 1960s, Hershey . Gardens expanded with the addition of
Botanical Gardens at Sanibel Sanibel, FL 33957 (239) 472-4119 The Cummer Museum of Art & Gardens-6857 museum.org Fort Myers, FL 33901 (239) 334-7419 Everglades Wonder Gardens 27180 Old 41 Road Bonita Springs, FL 34135 (239) 992-2591 10901 Old Cutler Road (305) 667-1651 www.fairchildgarden.org Flamingo Gardens-2955 The Florida Botanical Gardens
Botanical Gardens and two areas of open parkland now known as the North and South Gardens. The Botanical Gardens Nursery was established in 1859. Plants and seeds were received from the Royal Melbourne and Geelong Botanic Gardens. In the 1860s, the principal tree planting began while in 1888 a maze was built in the North Gardens to the same .
Source: The SuDS Manual 2015, CIRIA, p6 Manage the quality of the runoff to prevent Create and sustain better places for nature people y B i o d i v e r s i t y. 9 What are Rain Gardens? Rain gardens are shallow landscaped depressions that reduce rainfall runoff and mitigate the impact
Relying on pen and ink, which is the conventional medium used for archaeological illustration (Dillon, B. 1987), the artist was able to use semiotic principles to turn traditional scientific illustrations into allegories of the subjective experience (figure 4). Figure 4 Illustrations have been used to draw the viewers’ attention to the skill of making and the focal points of the fledgling .
