CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREA - Dfc.gov

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01Page 8 of 39Review:Associated with the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes.This includes air quality, climate and water regulation (floods), erosion control, riskmitigation, biological control, waste management; All the ecological processes thathave regulatory capacity. CulturalThese are the non-material benefits obtained through recreational, aesthetic,cognitive development, reflection and spiritual MEA experiences (2005)11.These services are strongly linked to human values and behavior, so theassessment of this service is highly subjective.As an example: Cultural diversity, spiritual and religious values, social relations,sense of belonging and degree of synergy existing in the community.5.4.2 Identification of existing Ecosystem Services in the corregimiento of NuevaColonia and the El Canal settlementFrom a systemic approach it is necessary to understand how different social actors12perceive, value and use ecosystem services in the area under study, according totheir perception of coverage and access to certain services. The above, allows toknow its relationship with the ecosystem.To determine the importance or dependence that the community has on theecosystem that provides services, semi-structured interviews were conducted withthe main social actors of the smaller territorial units of the present project.Therefore, the representatives of the grassroots groups of the communities of NuevaColonia and the El Canal settlement were asked to respond to a semi-structuredinterview and complement the exercise with the qualification in the high, mediumand low ranks.Questions were raised about the knowledge that the inhabitants had aboutecosystem services and which of these they identify in their community and thedegree of dependence of the community in relation to the identified ecosystemservices.11SPANISH ASSOCIATION OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY. Op cit. P. 137.Individual, group, organization or institution that acts in representation of their interests with the purpose of realizingthem. Each actor in a local space, has a certain position, amount of power and capacity of opportunity to obtain itsobjectives, within a context of complex relationships and systems of interactions.12CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAPage 9 of 39GAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01Review:BThey were asked to graphically show the services identified and to qualify in thecategories of good, regular and moderate, in addition to evaluating the scope in thereligious and cultural matter of their community. Finally, to present suggestions forenrichment in environmental education.In Annex 5.3.5.1, the results of the interviews conducted by the representatives ofthe community of Nueva Colonia and el Canal are presented. In the same way,questions were asked to the environmental team in charge of carrying out thecharacterization, so that they responded from the knowledge of the communities ofNueva Colonia and el Canal obtained in the field work.Next, the conclusions obtained according to the classification of ecosystem servicesare presented: Provisioning, Regulation and Cultural. Ecosystem provisioning services in Nueva Colonia and El CanalThe interviews were conducted with several representatives of the community actionboard and the Prodesarrollo organization and a representative of the fishermen ofthe corregimiento of Nueva Colonia, municipality of Turbo.According to the ecosystem provisioning services, those identified by the communityand by the team of professionals of the environmental component of the project arelisted below.Community representatives more easily identified those ecosystem goods andservices they use for living and that provide them with direct uses. Those that do notgenerate direct use were the least identified by the people. This shows theunderutilization and lack of conservation and care of the ecosystem.Ecosystem provisioning services were identified as those related to food production,through water, wood, medicinal plants, livestock, artisanal fisheries, meat and skins,with an emphasis on agriculture. With low proportion in ecosystem services ofnatural ingredients and fiber.Next, the Ecosystem Provisioning Services identified by the different actors are listedin Table No. 5.1.Table No. 5.1ActorsProvisioning services in the corregimiento Nueva Colonia and el LLOBanana,mango, plum,papaya,cashew,anohon, oe, RIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015Oak, cativo,Balsa, teak,acacia,gmelina, wildTotumo,trees.palm

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01ActorsJ.A.C. (Junta deacción Comunal deNuevaColonia)[Community ActionBoard of lteamofthecompany Aqua &Terra.Review:FoodsWaterMedicinalTimberguava, poultryand beef andpork, fish andseafoodcattle,irrigation ofbananaplantationsnettle,eucalyptus,rosa mirilla,caraño,matarraton,anamú, elder,among otherscashew,ceibaVegetables,banana,corozo, guava,lemon,mamoncillo,differentpoultry meats,beef and cies of fishandshellfishamong them:Bass, ackerel,among others.Anon, mango,plum, orange,mamoncillo,salt, pangana,guanábana,poultry, meats(beef and pork)Differentspecies of fishPage 10 of ure,cattle,irrigation ofbananaplantationsAloe,lemongrass,lemon balm,calendula,almond,anamú,amongothers.Roble, on ofbananaplantationsAromaticplantsOak,ceibaand manglePalm attleLemongrass,chiminango,aromaticplantsRoble, cativo,Balsa,mangle, wildcashew,Niguito,Palm treesSource: Prepared by Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S.2015The identified Ecosystem Provisioning Services are described below:CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015Bpalm

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01-Page 11 of 39Review:Water provision and regulationHydrological processes have been identified as essential ecosystem services, notsubstitutable for both human well-being and for the maintenance of biodiversity13.The economy of many sectors, such as agriculture, industry and tourism, depend onthis resource14.The IDEAM points out that water is a "vital element, structures the naturalenvironment and is decisive in the dynamics of social and productive processes" andthe scarcity of this service is a condition that affects food production, human healthand economic development.Both the community and the environmental team agreed that this service is importantand vital. From the community perspective, they consider it necessary in domestic,livestock, agricultural and, after treatment, for human consumption. In addition, theypointed out that thanks to the León River and the Bahía Colombia, they can counton fishing for both consumption and commercialization (Photo No. 5.1).Photo No. 5.1 Fishing activity in the area of influenceSource: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015.13Pert et al., 2010. As cited in IDEAM, 2011. IDEAM, 2011. Contributions from the IDEAM for the definition and application ofthe National Ecological Structure. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales –IDEAM- [Institute ofHydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies]. Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 10 p.14IDEAM, 2011.Op. cit. p10.CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01-Page 12 of 39Review:Food Provision Food derived from agriculture:With regard to the provision of food, it should be noted that a high percentage ofland use is destined for the agricultural sector, with permanent banana crops, anactivity that stands out in the region due to its high commercialization.The representatives of the community stated that the majority of their lands wereoccupied by banana crops, but that they also cultivated products such as:avocado, mango, papaya, borojo, pineapple, plum, chili, corn, cassava, and rice.The previous crops have very variable production levels (Photo No. 5.2).Photo No. 5.2 Crops of fruit treesSource: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015. Food derived from livestock:A secondary economic-food activity is the provision of food derived from livestockbreeding in pastures, enclosures or areas with vegetation cover. Beef or bovinecattle were found in the area of influence and, in a lesser proportion, pigs, as well aspoultry (Photo No. 5.3).CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01Page 13 of 39Review:Photo No. 5.3 Cattle evidenced in the area of influenceSource: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015. Food derived from fishing:Because of the location of Nueva Colonia and El Canal, geographically close to theriver León and the Gulf of Nueva Colombia, fishing of artisanal nature stands out.The production is destined mainly to the family sustenance and otherscommercialize it in the wharf of Nueva Colonia. Among the species reported byfishermen in the area are: bass, oarfish, beardfish, mojarra, anchovy, corvinata,horse mackerel, among others (Photo No. 5.4).CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01Page 14 of 39Review:Photo No. 5.4 Producto de la faena de pesca realizada por pescador de Nueva ColoniaSource: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015.-Provision of medicinal, timber and ornamental plantsThe provision of medicinal plants is related to the cultivation of aromatic plants suchas: aloe, paico, peppermint, cedron, citronella, rosemary, lemongrass, nettle,calendula, among others. The use of these plants is directed to the treatment of pain,as well as anti-inflammatory, healing as well as for the treatment of stomachdiscomforts and to a lesser extent they are used as ornamental plants.In timber species, the area is characterized by the existence of the species of cativo,forming communities of cativales which were affected by the agricultural frontiers,until diminishing the number of individuals in the area. The mangrove is used forconstruction, likewise it is being removed from the ground to occupy it with pasturesfor livestock (Photo No. 5.5).CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01Page 15 of 39Review:Photo No. 5.5 Use of mangrove speciesSource: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015. Regulatory ecosystem services in Nueva Colonia and El CanalThe Gulf of Urabá is an important ecosystem in the regional life and prints aparticularity to Turbo, for what it represents for the daily life of its inhabitants in termsof the variety of trades that are generated: braceros, boatmen, merchants,fishermen. This other range of jobs gives Turbo a relatively greater autonomy thanthe other municipalities of the axis, to seek alternative income, outside the ruralarea15.The little regulation of the flows, due to the absence of adequate vegetal cover, hascaused that the great avenues of water flood the low lands when prolongedprecipitations occur in the high part of basin16.Following with the methodology of interviewing the representatives of the communityand the professionals who participated in the environmental characterization of theproject and its influence area, in accordance with the regulatory ecosystem servicesand the direct observation and perception given by the inhabitant communities of thearea, the following were identified as regulatory services: air quality, climateregulation, water cleaning, waste treatment and soil productivity.1516POT TURBO. Antioquia 2000 BOOK 2. Integrated diagnostics part 2. P.14Ibíd.CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01Page 16 of 39Review:Next, the regulatory ecosystem services identified by the different actors are listedin Table No. 5. 2.Table No. 5.2ActorsRegulatory services in Nueva Colonia TownshipAir regulationclimate regulationsoil productivityPRODESARROLLOAccording to the interviewsconducted, the representativessaid that the air quality of theirvillage is excellent, or good,because there are many areaswith vegetation, also, they speakof other reasons such as theabsence of factories and theremoteness of the industrial zonesOne of the strengthsthat stood out in hisregion,weretheconstant rains, whichallowed fertile land forcropsIt is a territory thatstood out because itsland is suitable notonly for the cultivationof bananas, but alsoforpasturesandtherefore the raisingof livestock.J.A.C.(CommunityAction Board of NuevaColonia)The representatives of thecommunity action boards of thetownship, agreed that the airquality is good, because of theexistence of trees, but said thatmany crops use fumigationswhich contaminates not only theproducts but the air.In this issue they saidthat they feel inadvantage in relation toother regions of thecountry,thattheclimate is humid andthe rains are neverabsentThey have a landsuitable for agricultureand livestock. Havingthe river nearby is anadvantage for thembecause it makes iteasier for them tohave water for theiranimals and eofthefishermen said that in theircommunity the air quality is verygood, there is little pollution.For them, heavy rainssometimesinterruptfishing. Although theweather is usuallyconsidered goodThey consider that thesoil is good because itis close to the LeónRiver.Due to the presence offorests,itshumidclimateandthepresence of wetlands,thesecomponentsallowclimateregulation which isspecific to the region.In the project area,characteristicfloodplain soils arepresented,limitingagricultural activities,being productive andwith greater use forpastures, which adaptto flooding problems.It should be noted thatin the region there areareas that do notpresent this type ofproblem which allowsit to develop intensiveagricultureEnvironmental teamof the company Aqua& TerraTheenvironmentalteamconsiders that the quality of the airis good, due to the presence offorest cover, which allows thecapture of CO2 and the release ofoxygen, reduce pollution.Source: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015.The following is a description of the regulatory ecosystem services identified:CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

MODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSE FOR THE PROJECT OFCONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SOLID BULK CARGOES PORTTERMINAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TURBOCHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAGAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01-Page 17 of 39Review:- Regulation of the air in Nueva Colonia townshipThe regulation of air is related to the high presence of vegetation that fulfills thefunction of mitigating the effects of pollution generated by the emission of carbondioxide, which produces the constant circulation of vehicles that pollute theenvironment (Photo No. 5.6).There is an additional impact on air quality, due to the existence of banana orplantain crops, which require the use of agrochemical inputs for fertilization andfumigation.Photo No. 5.6 Way to Nueva Colonia, natural tunnel of treesSource: Aqua & Terra Consultores Asociados S.A.S., 2015.-- Climate regulation in Nueva Colonia TownshipThe climate regulation in the project area and the influence area, according to theopinion of the interviewees, is considered good in general terms, its climate is humidand tropical, which facilitates agricultural production and livestock.In the case of the El Canal community, which does not have an aqueduct, it usesrainwater for the provision of domestic use. In the fishing activities, the rain allowsthe river to maintain a good flow which facilitates the proliferation of fish, althoughthey consider that when there are heavy rains they must interrupt the programmedtasks (Photo No. 5.7).CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREACAP 5.4 SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS TDENG-LAUQ-OK[Medellín], 2015B

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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREA Page 5 of 39 GAT-391-15-CA-AM-PIO-01 Review: B CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREA CAP 5.4_SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS _TDENG-LAUQ-OK [Medellín], 2015 5. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFLUENCE AREAECOSYSTEM SERVICES This chapter aims to identify the components and processes of the ecosystems in