The Biodiesel Specifications And Biodiesel Industry In China

The Biodiesel Specifications andBiodiesel Industry in ChinaDu GuominPetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute1

ContentBiodiesel specificationsPopularization and applicationPolicy and promotionsProspects2

Biodiesel specifications 2 biodiesel specifications in China: B5 andBD100. B5: blend fuels of BD 100 biodiesel with volumefraction of 1% - 5% and petrodiesel with volumefraction of 95% - 99%. BD100: 100% biodiesel, used as blendingcomponents of biodiesel fuel, and divided intoBD100 (S50) and BD100 (S10) according to thesulfur content.3

Biodiesel specificationsCategoryB5 general diesel fuels: used fortractor, internal combustion engine,construction machinery, inland craftand generator unit.B5 diesel fuels(V): equivalent to Euro VB5 automobile diesel fuels: used fordiesel vehicle.B5 diesel fuels(VI): equivalent to Euro VIB5 diesel5#: in areas where the minimumtemperature is above 8 Since 2017, China has suppliednationwide the vehicle gasoline(including E10 ethanol gasoline) andBrand0#: in areas where the minimumtemperature is above 4 vehicle diesel (including B5 diesel) inline with the national V emission,standard equivalent to the Euro V-10#: in areas where the minimumtemperature is above -5 standard.4

Biodiesel specificationsQuality indexB5 general diesel fuelsItem5#0#Chromaticity 3.5Oxidation stability (mg/100ml) 2.5Sulfur content (mg/kg) 10Acid value (KOH, mg/g) 0.09Carbon residue on 10% residuum (mass fraction, %) 0.3Ash content (mass fraction, %) 0.01Copper corrosion (50 , 3h, grade) 1Water content (mass fraction,%) 0.030Mechanical impuritiesKinematic viscosity (20 , mm2/s)-10#No3.0 8.05

Biodiesel specificationsQuality indexB5 general diesel fuelsItem5#0#-10#Flash point (closed, ) Cold filter plugging point ( ) 84-5Freezing point ( ) 50-1016 alkane value Density (20 , kg/m3)Distillation range50% recovery ( )90% recovery ( )95% recovery ( )6045Report 300355365Lubricity (corrected wear scar diameter, 60 , μm) 460Fatty acid methyl esters content (volume fraction, %) 1.0 5.06

Biodiesel specificationsQuality indexB5 automobile diesel fuel s(V)Item5#0#-10#B5 automobile diesel fuel s(VI)5#0#Oxidation stability (mg/100ml) 2.52.5Sulfur content (mg/kg) 1010Acid value (KOH, mg/g) 0.090.09Carbon residue on 10% residuum (mass fraction, %) 0.30.3Ash content (mass fraction, %) 0.010.01Copper corrosion (50 , 3h, grade) 11Water content (mass fraction,%) 0.0300.030——242.5 8.02.5 8.06060Mechanical impurities (V)/ total pollutant (VI, mg/kg)Kinematic viscosity (20 , mm2/s)Flash point (closed, ) -10#7

Biodiesel specificationsQuality indexB5 automobile diesel fuels(VI)ItemB5 automobile diesel fuel s(VI)5#0#-10#5#0#-10#Cold filter plugging point ( ) 84-584-5Freezing point ( ) 50-1050-1016 alkane value Density (20 , kg/m3)5151810 850810 845Distillation range50% recovery ( )90% recovery ( )95% recovery ( ) 300355365300355365Lubricity (corrected wear scar diameter, 60 , μm) 460460 1.0 5.0 1.0 5.0117Fatty acid methyl esters content (volume fraction, %)PAHs content (mass fraction, %) 8

Biodiesel specificationsQuality indexBD100 biodiesel fuelsItemS50S10Density (20 , kg/m3)820 900Kinematic viscosity (40 , mm2/s)1.9 6.0Flash point (closed, ) 130Cold filter plugging point ( )ReportSulfur content (mg/kg) Carbon residue (mass fraction, %) 0.050Sulphated ash (mass fraction, %) 0.020Water content (mg/kg) 500Mechanical impuritiesCopper corrosion (50 , 3h, grade)5010No 19

Biodiesel specificationsQuality indexBD100 biodiesel fuelsItemS50S10495116 alkane value Oxidation stability (110 ,h) 6.0Acid value (KOH, mg/g) 0.50Free glycerin content (mass fraction, %) 0.020Monoglyceride content (mass fraction, %) 0.80Total glycerin content (mass fraction, %) 0.240Monovalent metal (Na K) content (mg/kg) 5Bivalent metal (Ca Mg) content (mg/kg) 5Fatty acid methyl esters content (mass fraction, %) 96.5Phosphorus content (mg/kg)10.0 10

Popularization and applicationMicrobial oilsand algae Raw materials Waste oil Animal oilAnimal oil:butter, sheepoil, lard Woody oil plants Oil crops Microbial oilsWaste oil:Waste edibleoilWoody oilplants: Palm,Jatrophacurcas L.,Xanthoceras,PistaciachinensisBungeOil crops:rapeseed oil,soybean oil,cottonseedoil11

Popularization and application Production process Ester exchange method Hydrofining method Biomass gasification andextraction of microbial oil (inresearch)triglyceridesmethanolFAMEglycerin12

Popularization and application In 2010, there were morethan150biodieselmanufacturers with capacityof 3.5 million tons per year inChina, and the production ismore than 1 million tons. Thebiggestbiodieselmanufacturer with capacity of200 thousand tons per year,was put into operation in2014, in Hainan province, thesouth of China. At present, there are only 40or 50 biodiesel manufacturersthat keep running, and thebiodiesel production is about500-800 thousand tons peryear.13

Popularization and application The strategy of developing biodiesel in China is "notcompeting with people for grain, not competing with grainfor land.“ The main raw material of biodiesel in China is wastedanimal and vegetable oils and fats. China is also actively developing woody oil crops,providing the raw material for the long-term developmentof biodiesel industry. But woody oil crops need longercultivation periods. The insufficiency and high price of raw materials is themain reason of output decline.14

Popularization and application In China, 50% of the biodiesel fuels are used in industrialenterprises, 20% are used in agricultural machinery and ships,and the remaining 30% are used in transportation. There are no mandatory policies to oblige to use the biodieselfuels in China. It is encouraged to promote the use of biodiesel in such areas asBeijing, Tianjin, Hebei province, Yangtze River Delta and PearlRiver Delta region. Priority should be given to the use of biodiesel blended fuels forvehicles managed by the government, such as public transport,sanitation and so on. Since 2010, in Hainan, Yunnan provinces and Shanghai, the B5diesel fuels have been sold at the filling stations.15

Popularization and application It is difficult for biodiesel blending fuel to enter the automobile fuelmarket. Adequate petrodiesel fuels supply in domestic market Production shortfall due to the insufficiency of raw materials Lower price competitiveness due to the low oil price Lack of trust in safety and reliability by customers Unsmooth cooperation between the producers and theretailers Shortage of supporting policies16

Policy and promotions Standards Biodiesel blend stock(BD100) for diesel engine fuels 2007 Biodiesel fuel blends (B5) 20102014201420152015 B5 diesel fuels 2017 (inclusive of BD100) Tax incentives Exempt from consumption tax Return of 70% of value added tax17

Policy and promotionsIndustrial access controlProduct yieldBiodiesel productyield (in terms ofconvertible matter)reached more than90%.Energy consumptionMethanol consumptionper ton of biodiesel isnot higher than 125 kg,fresh water is nothigher than 0.35 cubicmeters,comprehensive energyconsumption is nothigher than 150 kg ofstandard coal.By-productBy-product glycerinshould be recycled,separated andpurified, and thedischarge of wastegas, waste waterand waste residueshould conform tothe standard.18

Policy and promotions Technical priority Due to the shortage of the existing raw materials,more efforts have been made to produce biodieselwith microalgae.Developing continuous and large-scalemicroalgae cultivation technology with low waterconsumption. Developing oil extraction technology with low costand low energy consumption.19

ProspectsGovernmentobjectiveIn the year 2020 and2030 the proportionof non fossil energyin primary energyconsumptionreached 15% and20%, respectively.By 2020, the annualutilization of allrenewable energywill be 7.3 tons ofstandard coal.Among them, commercialrenewable energy utilizationamounted to 5.8 tons ofstandard coal.The amount ofbiodiesel utilization willreach 2 million tons.20

Prospects Government efforts Establish a sustainable raw materials supply system suitable for China's nationalconditions (the raw materials include waste oils, inedible woody oil plants andmicroalgae resources) Set up a complete supply and marketing system of biodiesel blending fuel by relyingon the existing vehicle fuel sales network Develop storage, distribution and transportation standards or regulations for biodieselblending fuels Implement responsibility management system to achieve restricted targets of salesvolume or market share and encouraging enclosed sales of biodiesel blending21

Prospects Government efforts Since 2000, ethanol gasoline (E10) has been soldcompulsively in enclosed area of 6 provinces and 31cities in China. The fuel ethanol consumption ismore than 2 million tons per year.In September 2017, the Chinese governmentannounced that by 2020, the use of ethanolgasoline for vehicles would be popularizedthroughout the whole country.The similar policy applied to biodiesel fuels is beingdiscussed and may be implemented in the future.22

THANK YOU23

Quality index B5 automobile diesel fuels(VI) B5 automobile diesel fuel s(VI) . rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil Animal oil: butter, sheep oil, lard Woody oil plants: Palm, Jatropha curcas L., . renewable energy utilization amounted to 5.8 tons of standard coal. The amount of biodiesel utilization will