Developing The "Support" In Supportive Housing - CSH
Developing the “Support”in Supportive HousingA Guide to Providing Services in HousingBy Tony Hannigan and Suzanne WagnerCenter for Urban Community ServicesMade possible by a grant from the Corporation for Supportive HousingJune 2003
Corporation for Supportive HousingJune 2003Dear Colleague,For too long, homelessness has troubled America’s conscience, harmed its most vulnerable people, andcost the public hundreds of millions of dollars for band-aid solutions that have had inadequate results.But in the midst of this enduring tragedy, there is hope. We now know that supportive housing endshomelessness for people with chronic barriers to health and housing stability, who are cycling throughthe systems meant to assist them. We know that supportive housing has a positive impact on people’shealth, employment and stability, and is a cost effective use of our scarce public resources.In all of its models and manifestations, what makes supportive housing tick is its combination ofpermanent, affordable housing and voluntary, supportive services. This manual, Developing the“Support” in Supportive Housing, is a practical guide to developing those voluntary supportive services.It includes an overview of what it takes to put together a supportive services program, as well as somespecific suggestions for services related to employment, mental health, HIV/AIDS and sub-stance useissues. It also offers some lessons for promoting good relationships among supportive housing tenantsand staff, and with the neighborhoods where we work and live.I hope that supportive housing providers and advocates can use this manual and its resources to buildbetter homes and communities, and move us toward the day when supportive housing is a standardcomponent of every community’s effort to prevent and end homelessness.My special thanks to Tony Hannigan and Suzanne Wagner of CUCS for putting together this importantand useful volume and for their pioneering efforts to create high quality services in supportive housing.Some of the many other people who assisted in the writing and production of Developing the “Support”in Supportive Housing are noted on the Acknowledgements page within. We also acknowledge, withgratitude, the many supportive housing providers and tenants whose hard work and experiences overthe past years provide the foundation for the lessons taught within these pages.Sincerely yours,Carla I. Javits,President50 Broadway, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10004Phone: (212) 986-2966 Fax: (212) 986-6552Web: www.csh.org E-mail: information@csh.org
Table of ContentsHistory and Principles of Supportive HousingThe Emergence of Supportive Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Early Precedents in Supportive Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Supportive Housing Becomes a Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Principles of Supportive Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4AppendixAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Developing a Supportive Services ProgramCore Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Tenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Location and Physical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Core Program Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Meeting the Obligations of Tenancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Tenant Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Rent Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Complying with Lease/Occupancy Agreements and House Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Maintaining an Apartment or Living Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Moving On from Supportive Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Structuring the Delivery of Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Staffing and Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Case Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Outreach and Engagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Setting Individualized Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Access to Community-Based Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Groups, Classes, Workshops, and Special Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Case Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Program Policies and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Program Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22AppendicesAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Appendix II: Services to Be Provided Planning Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing Contents
Appendix III: Responding to Different Populations and Levels of Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Appendix IV: Project Goals and Conditions of Occupancy Planning Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Appendix V: Housing Skills and Supports Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Appendix VI: Sample Titles and Functions of Staffing Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Appendix VII: Standards for Supportive Services Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Employment ServicesDeveloping a Range of Employment Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Vocational Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Career Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Finding and Developing Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Creating In-House Jobs and Transitional Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Ongoing Job Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Core Program Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Defining Goals and Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Creating a Culture that Promotes Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Defining Staff Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Managing Entitlements and Public Benefits Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Confidentiality/Sharing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Services for People Who Have Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Policy Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Program Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Mental Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Alcohol and Substance Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Homelessness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56AppendicesAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Appendix II: Employment History and Preferences Self-Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Appendix III: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Mental Health ServicesMental Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Working toward Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Using a Rehabilitation Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Core Program Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Meeting the Obligations of Tenancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Comprehensive Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Coordination with Psychiatric Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Center for Urban Community Services Corporation for Supportive Housing
Assistance with Medication Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Crisis Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Connections to Community-Based Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Staff Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74AppendicesAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Appendix II: Overview of Community-Based Mental Health Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Appendix III: Overview of Psychiatric Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Appendix IV: Residential Options Serving People with Mental Illnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Appendix V: Ten General Principles for the Use of Psychiatric Medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91HIV ServicesThe Current State of HIV Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Core Program Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Medical Assessment and Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96HIV Education and Resource Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Individual Counseling and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Peer Support and Volunteers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Supporting Improvement and Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Vocational and Employment Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Managing Medical Decline and Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Staffing and Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104AppendicesAppendix I: Resources and Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Appendix II: Approved Antiretroviral Medications for the Treatment of HIV(as of May 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Appendix III: Commonly Used Medications for the Treatment and Prevention ofHIV-Related Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Appendix IV: Testing HIV Positive: Reactions and Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Substance Use ServicesAddiction and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Approaches to Substance Use in Supportive Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Sober/“Dry” Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Illustration of Sober/Dry Supportive Housing: Jericho House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Harm Reduction/“Wet” Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Illustration of Harm Reduction/Wet Supportive Housing: Anishinabe Wakiagun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120“Damp” Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Illustration of Damp Supportive Housing: The Rio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing Contents
Core Program Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Establishing Expectations for Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123The Stages of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Individual Counseling and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Combining On-Site Services with Community Linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Recovery Planning and Relapse Prevention Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Fostering a Supportive Community, Leadership and Self-Help Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Creating Services for People with Dual Diagnoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Staff Expertise, Expectations, and Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130AppendicesAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Appendix II: DSM IV Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Abuse andSubstance Dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Appendix III: Models of Substance Use, Addiction, and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Appendix IV: Stages of Change and Recovery: The Course of Changeand Worker Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Appendix V: Substance-Use Policy and Program Development Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Crisis and ConflictPrevention Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Guidelines for Managing Crises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Medical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Alcohol- and Substance-Induced Incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Psychiatric Decompensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Psychiatric Hospitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Passive or “Slow-Brewing” Psychiatric Crises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Guidelines for Managing Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Anatomy of a Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Mediating Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Seven Steps to Resolving Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Managing Conflict in the Assault Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Debriefing and Incident Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154AppendicesAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Appendix II: Sample Policy and Procedure: Medical Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Appendix III: Comparison of Signs and Symptoms across Categories of Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Appendix IV: Sample Policy and Procedure: Psychiatric Hospitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Center for Urban Community Services Corporation for Supportive Housing
Appendix V: Assessing for Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Appendix VI: Sample Policy and Procedure: Intervening in Potentially Violent Situations . . . . . . . . 165Appendix VII: Sample Policy and Procedure: Incident Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Community BuildingPromoting Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Fostering Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Involving Tenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Involving Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Guiding Group Norms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Developing Tenant Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Connecting to the Neighborhood and Broader Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Preparing a Plan for Community Building Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174AppendixAppendix I: Resources and Additional Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181CSH Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191CSH Contacts and Mission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing Contents
AcknowledgmentsMany thanks for the valuable insights and contributions provided by:ContributorsGeorge BragerRudy De La HayaTanya KesslerPat LaMarianaMaura McGrathAlice OrdoverGreg RiceSuzanne SmithJoseph DeGenovaMichelle de la UzLucy KimAnne McGrathDavid Nardacci, MDLauren Bholai ParetiPeggy ShorrAndrea WhiteAnn O’RiellyDoreen StrakaDoug GaryBrigitt Jandreau-SmithRebecca RhoadsCathy ImpavidoJudy DearLucy KimCorporation for Supportive Housing ReviewersNikki DelgadoJoyce GrangentProduction AssistantsAdrienne BoxerGrant SupportThe Corporation for Supportive HousingCopyright 2002 by the Center for Urban Community ServicesWe encourage nonprofit and public organizations to freely reproduce and share the information in this manual.About the Center for Urban Community ServicesFounded in 1979 at Columbia University, the Center for Urban Community Services (CUCS) is a nationalnonprofit organization based in New York City that provides services for homeless, formerly homeless, andother low-income individuals. CUCS’s services include street outreach, a drop-in center, two transitionalresidences, ten permanent supportive housing programs, and a vocational/employment program. Particularemphasis is placed on specialized services for people living with mental illness, HIV disease, and chemicaldependency to increase housing stability and maximize independence and choice. The organization alsooperates the CUCS Housing Resource Center, a national training, consultation, and information project.For more information about CUCS, contact:CUCS Housing Resource Center120 Wall Street, 25th FloorNew York, NY 10005Telephone: (212) 801-3300Fax: (212) 635-2191www.cucs.orgDeveloping the “Support ” in Supportive Housing AcknowledgementsPage i
About the Corporation for Supportive HousingCSH’s mission is to help communities create permanent housing with services to prevent and end homelessness.CSH strives for a day when homelessness is no longer a routine occurrence and supportive housing is anaccepted, understood, and easy-to-develop response. In coordination with broader national efforts to endhomelessness, CSH will help communities create 150,000 units of supportive housing during the nextdecade. To reach this goal, CSH will provide direct assistance to community-based nonprofit organizations,government agencies, and others working to create supportive housing. In all of our work, we strive toaddress the needs of, and hold ourselves accountable to, the tenants of supportive housing.In the next ten years CSH will help to create more supportive housing nationwide by: Promoting policy reforms and coordinated systems that make supportive housing easierto develop and operate. Providing financial and technical assistance to our partners to expand the supply,availability, and variety of supportive housing. Enhancing the supportive housing industry’s skills and knowledge, so that the fieldhas a greater capacity to deliver high-quality housing and services over the long term. Documenting and publicizing supportive housing’s positive impacts on tenants,communities and neighborhoods, as well as how it efficiently uses public resources.For more information about CSH, contact:CSH Communications Department50 Broadway, 17th FloorNew York, NY 10004Telephone (212) 986-2966Fax (212) 986-6552Email: info@csh.orgPage iiCenter for Urban Community Services Corporation for Supportive Housing
PrefaceProviding supportive services in people’s homes is uniquely different from delivering other communitybased services. For many individuals who have been homeless and/or who have special needs or disabilities, affordable housing combined with supportive services has proven to be the link to stability and anenhanced quality of life. Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing provides information aboutshaping and delivering services to meet the particular challenges of delivering supportive services in people’s homes.A hallmark of supportive housing is the ability to adapt services to meet the various needs of tenants. Thisguide was informed by CUCS’ twenty years of experience in delivering services in housing settings and ourwork with hundreds of supportive housing organizations throughout the nation through our training andconsultation program. The guide focuses on strategies to maximize residential stability, quality of life,choice, and independence among tenants. The principles and practices discussed are meant to be applicable to a variety of settings and supportive housing models. The guide is intended as a resource for new andexperienced staff members and for program development efforts.Each of the eight chapters of Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing addresses a topic central tothe design and delivery of supportive services in permanent housing for single individuals. Additionalinformation such as resources and readings is listed in appendixes at the ends of most chapters. We havealso included a glossary of terms at the end of the guide.Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing PrefacePage iii
History andPrinciples ofSupportiveHousingSupportive housing has evolved into a national movement during the last two decades, as the combinationof affordable housing and supportive services has proven to be a wise and cost-effective way to meet adiversity of needs and interests. Today, there are tens of thousands of supportive housing units sponsoredby nonprofit organizations nationwide, and they range from units in single-family homes to singlesite developments of several hundred units each. Supportive housing projects sometimes focus on onepopulation, such as individuals who are psychiatrically disabled, while others serve a mix of groups thatmay include people living with HIV, older adults, individuals with psychiatric or physical disabilities, theformerly homeless, low-income working people, and, more recently, families.Supportive housing offers affordability and a stable living environment while helping tenants accessservices and amenities that promote self-sufficiency and enhance their quality of life. Depending upon thetenancy, supportive services programs in housing provide and/or maintain linkages to individual andfamily counseling, HIV services, mental health services, alcohol and substance use services, crisis intervention, childcare, medical care, vocational counseling, and job placement, among others. Supportivehousing projects also work to foster community-building efforts among tenants and are often engaged withthe surrounding neighborhood as well.This chapter provides an overview of the history of supportive housing and the core principles that haveguided its development.The Emergence of Supportive HousingBringing supportive services into housing started in the 1960s as a way of assisting people living insubstandard settings, particularly commercially owned single-room-occupancy hotels (SROs). Supportivehousing took shape in the ensuing decades as nonprofits acquired and/or redeveloped SROs and otherdistressed properties in response to the growing problem of homelessness. Many factors contributed tothe rise in homelessness, including deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients from state hospitals, thedecrease in the availability of SROs and other affordable housing units, the advent of AIDS, diminishedgovernment benefits, and the reduction of job opportunities for unskilled workers.By 1981, the number of people in long-term psychiatric facilities in the United States dropped from a highof 550,000 to just 125,000. This occurred because the introduction of psychotropic drugs in the late 1950sallowed many long-term psychiatric hospital patients to be stabilized and released to the care of theirDeveloping the “Support” in Supportive Housing Chapter OnePage 1
families or to more independent living sit
in Supportive Housing are noted on the Acknowledgements page within. We also acknowledge, with gratitude, the many supportive housing providers and tenants whose hard work and experiences over the past years provide the foundation for the lessons taught within these pages. Sincerely yours, Carla I. Javits, President Corporation for Supportive .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
School Supportive Health Services Program Preschool Supportive Health Services Program Questions and Answers Issued June 11, 2010 Status of School and Preschool Supportive Health Services Program 1. Q. Who is responsible for setting Medicaid policy and reimbursement rates for the Preschool/School Supportive Health Services Program (SSHSP)? A.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
