Tools For Gender Mainstreaming In The Fisheries Sector - GAF

Tools for gender mainstreaming inthe fisheries sectorA review of their current status andrecommendations arising from Asian experiences3rd Global Symposium on Gender in Aquaculture andFisheries (GAF3), Shanghai, China, 21-22 April , 2011.Angela Lentisco and Enrique Alonso,Regional Fisheries Livelihood Programme (RFLP), Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO)

Outline Fisheries Sector and Gender Fisheries Development Projectsand Gender Mainstreaming Strategies Strategies/Tools for GenderMainstreaming in the Fisheries Sector Recommendations arising fromAsian Experiences2

Fisheries Sector Food Security IncomeGeneration Livelihoodsdepending on thesector CaptureFisheries Small-scalefisheries Aquaculture Poverty andvulnerability Post-harvest andmarketing Half of thepeople employedin SSF are women3

Gender and FisheriesSector traditionallyconsidered a maledomain formanagementFocused onresourceproductionLack of a valuechain approachLack of sexdisaggregated data4

Fisheries Development ProjectsActivities focusedon women only:post-harvest,microfinanceTreatment of womenas a marginalizedand vulnerable groupFocus on “more important”technical issues5

Gender mainstreamingGender mainstreaming is defined asthe process of assessing theimplications for women and men ofany planned action, includinglegislation, policies or programs, inall areas and at all levels. It is astrategy for making women's as wellas men's concerns and experiencesan integral dimension of the design,implementation, monitoring andevaluation of policies and programsin all political, economic and societalspheres so that women and menbenefit equally and inequality is notperpetuated. The ultimate goal ofgender mainstreaming is to achievegender equalityECOSOC (1997)6

Main GA frameworks of current use Gender Roles Framework(Harvard) Triple Roles Framework(Moser) Gender Analysis Matrix(GAM) Women’s EmpowermentFramework (Longwe) Social Relations FrameworkFor a summary, see:USAID (n.d.), Gender Analysis Frameworks.UNDP (2001), Learning & Information Pack. Gender Analysis.7

Bottom up approachVerticalmainstreamingMeso-levelTop-down approachGender Mainstreaming StrategyMacro-levelMicro-levelProject cycleSource: Adapted from FAO (2007);Holvoet , K. (2009)Horizontalmainstreaming8

Important issues to take intoaccount Actions to help prevent or manage conflict Improved communication to facilitate the horizontaldiffusion of achievements and its replication in othercommunities. Participatory and transparent processes in all communityactions for the promotion of gender sensitiveorganizations Recognize the important role of the meso level actorsand their inclusion of gender perspective in their plans. Should also challenge traditional roles, providing ideasfor non-traditional activities for equity promotion, relatedto work, specific training (swimming, etc), education,access and control over the resources. (Aguilar, 2001)Source: Holvoet, K. (2009); Aguilar, L. and Castañeda, I. (2001)9

And links with other ustainableLivelihoodsApproach10

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Gender Analytic Tools for FisheriesProjects Activity Analysis Access andControl over theresources andbenefits Gender needs InfluencingFactors12

Tools in the project cycleTOOLSPHASES OFTHE nitoringEvaluationTHE ACTIVITYANALYSISTHE ACCESS ANDCONTROLFRAMEWORKTHE GENDERNEEDS ANALYSISTHE INFLUENCINGFACTOR SReal information onthe responsibilities,activities andconstraints affectingthe participation ofwomen and men inrelation to the projectThe constraintspreventing men andwomen from accessingto and benefiting fromthe various resourcesneeded to satisfy theirneedsProblems and needs,differentiated bygender, of men andwomen within thecommunity, includingpossible solutionsA vision of the genderbased context, whichwill affect how theproject pans out:prevailing opportunitiesor restrictions forwomen and men withinthe communityHow to organise theactivities such thatboth men and womenhave the chance toparticipateHow women and mencan access and benefitfrom the resourcesprovided by the projecthow the project isimpacting thecondition andposition of men andwomen from thecommunityThe contextual genderrelated factors that willinfluence the progressof the project and reporton the risk analyses:How the projectaffected the prevailingsexual division oflabour within thecommunityHow women and menhave accessed theproject resources andbenefits, including theirdegree of controlhow the project hasaffected the conditionand position ofwomen and men fromthe communityhow context hasinfluenced the progressof the project: openingor closing opportunitiesfor gender equalitySource: Alcalde, A.R. (2006). “Herramientas para la integración del enfoque de género en losproyectos de cooperación”13

Workshop Recommendations Reproductive and productive roles of women are to be considered. Contextual understanding of local culture, norms, economic andother social status Macro level statistics important, as well as in-depth qualitative data. Projects should be participatory, flexible/reactive Poor people should be central focus and key in the design,implementation and monitoring of any intervention.14

Workshop recommendations (2) Importance of self help groups, associations and networks andrecognition of the leadership roles of women. Activities should be target to women and men – if just focusing onwomen or men need to specify clearly why this is so. Need to ensure access to resources and decision making spacesand to clearly differentiate any inequalities over access. Women need to be better informed with improved lines ofcommunication and information. Women’s own knowledge,experience and aspirations need to be strongly acknowledged.15

Workshop Recommendations (3) Value chain analysis is an useful tool and a good entry point for genderanalysis.Attention should be given to the link between income, resource control andgender based violence.Gender different impact of climate change should be acknowledgedFishing activities should be considered in the wider livelihood contextAny approach depends heavily on the context.We need to make the whole topic of gender more accessible, palatable andpunchy (without loosing the real meaning).16

www.rflp.orgThank you for your attention!!!17

Gender mainstreaming . Gender mainstreaming is defined as the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including . UNDP (2001), Learning & Information Pack. Gender Analysis. 8. Vertical mainstreaming Horizontal mainstreaming . Macro-level. Meso-level. Micro-level. Bottom up approach Top-down approach.