Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
Oracle TimesTenIn-Memory DatabaseOperations GuideRelease 7.0B31689-03
Copyright 1996, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.ALL SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION (WHETHER INHARD COPY OR ELECTRONIC FORM) ENCLOSED AND ONTHE COMPACT DISC(S) ARE SUBJECT TO THE LICENSEAGREEMENT.The documentation stored on the compact disc(s) may be printed bylicensee for licensee’s internal use only. Except for the foregoing,no part of this documentation (whether in hard copy or electronicform) may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, orany information storage and retrieval system, without the priorwritten permission of TimesTen Inc.Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, Retek, TimesTen, the TimesTenicon, MicroLogging and Direct Data Access are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Othernames may be trademarks of their respective owners.The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure andare also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual andindustrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extent required to obtaininteroperability with other independently created software or asspecified by law, is prohibited.The information contained in this document is subject to changewithout notice. If you find any problems in the documentation,please report them to us in writing. This document is not warrantedto be error-free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs maybe reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose.September 2007Printed in the United States of America
ContentsAbout this GuideTimesTen documentation . . .Background reading . . . . .Installing TimesTen . . . . .Conventions used in this guide .Finding the information you needTechnical Support . . . . . .133457TimesTen ODBC and JDBC drivers . . . . . . . . . .TimesTen ODBC drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . .TimesTen JDBC driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .JDBC driver manager . . . . . . . . . . . .Data source names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .User and system DSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data Manager and Client DSNs . . . . . . . . . .Connection attributes for Data Manager DSNs . . . .Thread programming with TimesTen . . . . . . . .Creating a DSN on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specify the ODBC driver . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specify the DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specify the connection attributes . . . . . . . . . .Creating a DSN on UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Create a user ODBC.INI file . . . . . . . . . . .Specify the DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specify the ODBC driver . . . . . . . . . . . . .Specify the data store path name . . . . . . . . . .Choose a database character set . . . . . . . . .Set data store attributes . . . . . . . . . . . .Using environment variables in data store path namesDSN examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting up a temporary data store . . . . . . . . . .Creating multiple DSNs to a single data store . . . . .Connecting to a data store without using a DSN . . . .Specifying the size of a data store . . . . . . . . . . .Temporary and permanent memory . . . . . . . . .Changing data store size . . . . . . . . . . . . .Receiving out-of-memory warnings. . . . . . . . 8292929301 Creating TimesTen Data Storesiii
Specifying a RAM policy . . . . . . . . . . . . .Copying, migrating, backing up and restoring a data storeWorking with the ODBC.INI file . . . . . . . . . .The user ODBC.INI file . . . . . . . . . . . .The system ODBC.INI file . . . . . . . . . . .Searching for a DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ODBC Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data Source Specification . . . . . . . . . . . .odbc.ini file example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. 32. 34. 35. 35. 35. 35. 35. 37Client/Server Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . .TCP/IP Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shared memory communication . . . . . . . . . .UNIX domain socket communication . . . . . . . .Configuring TimesTen Client and Server . . . . . . . .Configuring Client/Server of the same TimesTen release.Configuring cross-release Client/Server . . . . . . .Running the TimesTen Server Daemon . . . . . . . . .Server informational messages . . . . . . . . . . .TimesTen Server connection attributes . . . . . . . . .Defining Server DSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TimesTen Client connection attributes . . . . . . . . .Creating and configuring Client DSNs on Windows . . . .Creating and configuring a logical server name . . . .Creating a Client DSN on Windows . . . . . . . . .Setting the timeout interval and authentication. . . . .Deleting a server name . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accessing a remote data store on Windows . . . . . .Testing connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating and configuring Client DSNs on UNIX . . . . .Searching for a DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating and configuring a logical server name . . . .Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a Client DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accessing a remote data store on UNIX. . . . . . . . .Testing connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with the TTCONNECT.INI file . . . . . . . .Defining a server name on UNIX . . . . . . . . . . 40. 40. 40. 40. 41. 41. 42. 42. 43. 43. 43. 44. 45. 45. 46. 48. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 52. 53. 54. 54. 56. 57. 572 Working with theTimesTen Client and Serveriv Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
3 Working with the Oracle TimesTen Data Manager DaemonStarting and stopping the Oracle TimesTen Data ManagerService on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Starting and stopping the daemon on UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Managing TimesTen daemon options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Determining the daemon listening address . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Listening on IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Modifying informational messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Changing the allowable number of subdaemons . . . . . . . . . . . 66Allowing data store access over NFS-mounted systems . . . . . . . . 66Enabling Linux large page support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Other daemon options settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Managing TimesTen Client/Server daemon options . . . . . . . . . . . 67Modifying the TimesTen Server daemon options . . . . . . . . . . . 67Controlling the TimesTen Server daemon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Prespawning TimesTen Server processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Specifying multiple connections to the TimesTen Server. . . . . . . . 68Configuring the maximum number of client connections per child serverprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Configuring the desired number of child server processes spawned for aserver DSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Configuring the Thread Stack Size of the Child Server Processes . . 69Using shared memory for Client/Server IPC . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Managing the size of the shared memory segment . . . . . . . . 70Changing the size of the shared memory segment . . . . . . . . . 71Controlling the TimesTen Server log messages . . . . . . . . . . . 71Communicating with older versions of TimesTen . . . . . . . . . . 71Modifying the TimesTen web server options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Controlling the TimesTen web server . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 Globalization SupportOverview of globalization support features . . . . . .Choosing a database character set . . . . . . . . . .Character sets and languages. . . . . . . . . . .Client operating system and application compatibility .Performance and storage implications . . . . . . .Character sets and replication . . . . . . . . . .Length semantics and data storage . . . . . . . . . .Connection character set . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linguistic sorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Monolingual linguistic sorts . . . . . . . . . . .Multilingual linguistic sorts . . . . . . . . . . . 75. 76. 76. 77. 77. 77. 77. 78. 79. 79. 80Contents v
Case-insensitive and accent-insensitive linguistic sortsPerforming a linguistic sort . . . . . . . . . . .Using linguistic indexes . . . . . . . . . . . .SQL string and character functions. . . . . . . . . .Setting globalization support attributes . . . . . . . .Backward compatibility using TIMESTEN8 . . . .Globalization support during migration . . . . . . . .Object migration and character sets . . . . . . . .Migration and length semantics . . . . . . . . .Migrating linguistic indexes . . . . . . . . . . .Migrating cache group tables . . . . . . . . . .Supported Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asian Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .European Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . .Middle Eastern Character Sets . . . . . . . . . .TimesTen Character Set . . . . . . . . . . . .Universal Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . .Supported Linguistic Sorts . . . . . . . . . . . . .Monolingual Linguistic Sorts . . . . . . . . . .Multilingual Linguistic Sorts . . . . . . . . . . 80. 81. 81. 82. 83. 84. 84. 84. 85. 85. 85. 86. 86. 86. 88. 88. 89. 90. 90. 92Batch mode vs. interactive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .Customizing the ttIsql command prompt . . . . . . . . . .Using ttIsql’s online help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using ttIsql’s ‘editline’ feature (UNIX only) . . . . . . . . .Emacs binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using ttIsql’s command history . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Saving and clearing ttIsql’s command history . . . . . . .Working with character sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Displaying data store information . . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing and setting data store attributes . . . . . . . . . .Viewing and changing query optimizer plans. . . . . . . . .Timing ODBC function calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with prepared and parameterized SQL statements . . .Defining default settings with the TTISQL environment variable .Managing XLA bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97. 991001021021031041051061071091121131171181221245 Using the ttIsql Utility6 Working with Data in a TimesTen Data StoreData store overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125viOracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
Data store components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data store users and owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Data store persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Understanding tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .In-line and out-of-line columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Default column values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Primary keys, foreign keys and unique indexes . . . . . . . .System tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dropping a table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Estimating table size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Implementing aging in your tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Usage-based aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Time-based aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aging and foreign keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scheduling when aging starts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aging and replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Understanding materialized views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with materialized views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a materialized view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The SELECT query in the CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEWstatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Restrictions on materialized views and detail tables. . . . . . .Performance implications of materialized views . . . . . . . .Dropping a materialized view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Understanding views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating a view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The SELECT query in the CREATE VIEW statement . . . . . .Restrictions on views and their detail tables . . . . . . . . . .Dropping a view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Understanding indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Working with indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating an index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Altering an index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dropping an index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Estimating index size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Understanding rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2142143144144144144144Contents vii
Working with rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Inserting rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Deleting rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457 Transaction Management and RecoveryTransaction semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transaction atomicity and durability . . . . . . . . . . .Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Guaranteed atomicity and durability . . . . . . . . . .Guaranteed atomicity, delayed durability . . . . . . . .No guaranteed atomicity, no guaranteed durability . . . .Controlling durability and logging . . . . . . . . . . . .Using durable commits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Concurrency control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transaction isolation levels . . . . . . . . . . . . .Locking granularities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Coexistence of different locking levels . . . . . . . . .Checkpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Types of checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transaction-consistent checkpoints . . . . . . . .Fuzzy or non-blocking checkpoints . . . . . . . .Setting and managing checkpoints . . . . . . . . . .Setting the checkpoint rate for background 9160161161161162163System and data store tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Provide enough memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Size your data store correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Increase LogBuffSize if needed . . . . . . . . . . . . .Use temporary data stores if appropriate . . . . . . . . . .Avoid connection overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Load the data store into RAM when duplicating . . . . . . .Avoid OS paging at load time . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Consider special options for maintenance. . . . . . . . . .Check your driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Enable tracing only as needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Investigate alternative JVMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adjust log buffer size and CPU for a large number of subscribersMigrating data with character set conversions . . . . . . . .Client/Server tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Work locally when possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1661661661661671671671681681681691691691691701708 Data Store Performance Tuningviii Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
Use shared memory segment as IPC when client andserver are on the same machine . . . . . . . . . . . .Enable TT PREFETCH CLOSE for serializable transactionsUse a connection handle when calling SQLTransact . . . .SQL tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tune statements and use indexes . . . . . . . . . . . .Select hash or T-tree indexes appropriately . . . . . . . .Size hash indexes appropriately . . . . . . . . . . . .Use foreign key constraint appropriately . . . . . . . . .Computing exact or estimated statistics . . . . . . . . .Avoid ALTER TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Avoid nested queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Improving performance of materialized views . . . . . . . .Limit number of join rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Use indexes on join columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Avoid unnecessary updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Avoid changes to the inner table of an outer join . . . . . .Limit number of columns in a view table . . . . . . . . .Scaling to Multiple CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Run the demo applications as a prototype. . . . . . . . .Limit database-intensive connections per CPU . . . . . .Use read operations when available . . . . . . . . . . .Limit prepares, re-prepares and connects . . . . . . . . .Limit replication transmitters and receivers and XLA readers .Allow indexes to be rebuilt in parallel during recovery . . .Use private commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XLA acknowledgement modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Prefetch multiple update records . . . . . . . . . . . .Acknowledge XLA updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11931931931979 The TimesTen Query OptimizerWhen optimization occurs . . . . . . . .Viewing a plan . . . . . . . . . . . .Generating the plan . . . . . . . . .Reading the PLAN table . . . . . . .PLAN table columns . . . . . . . . .Modifying plan generation . . . . . . . .Why modify an execution plan? . . . .When to modify an execution plan . . .How to modify execution plan generation.Contents ix
GlossaryIndexx Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
About this GuideOracle TimesTen In-Memory Database is a high-performance, in-memory datamanager that supports the ODBC and JDBC interfaces.This guide provides: Background information to help you understand how TimesTen works. Step-by-step instruction and examples that show how to perform the mostcommonly needed tasks.To work with this guide, you should understand how database systems work andhave some knowledge of SQL (Structured Query Language).TimesTen documentationTimesTen documentation is available on the product distribution media and onthe Oracle Technology tion/timesten doc.html.Including this guide, the TimesTen documentation set consists of thesedocuments:Book TitlesDescriptionOracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase Installation GuideContains information needed to install and configureTimesTen on all supported platforms.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase IntroductionDescribes all the available features in the OracleTimesTen In-Memory Database.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase Operations GuideProvides information on configuring TimesTen andusing the ttIsql utility to manage a data store. Thisguide also provides a basic tutorial for TimesTen.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase C Developer’s andReference Guideand theOracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase Java Developer’sand Reference GuideProvide information on how to use the full set ofavailable features in TimesTen to develop andimplement applications that use TimesTen.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase API ReferenceGuideDescribes all TimesTen utilities, procedures, APIs andprovides a reference to other features of TimesTen.1
Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase SQL ReferenceGuideContains a complete reference to all TimesTen SQLstatements, expressions and functions, includingTimesTen SQL extensions.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase Error Messagesand SNMP TrapsContains a complete reference to the TimesTen errormessages and information on using SNMP Traps withTimesTen.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase TTClasses GuideDescribes how to use the TTClasses C API to usethe features available in TimesTen to develop andimplement applications.TimesTen to TimesTenReplication GuideProvides information to help you understand howTimesTen Replication works and step-by-stepinstructions and examples that show how to performthe most commonly needed tasks.This guide is for application developers who use andadminister TimesTen and for system administratorswho configure and manage TimesTen Replication.TimesTen Cache Connect toOracle GuideDescribes how to use Cache Connect to cache Oracledata in TimesTen data stores. This guide is fordevelopers who use and administer TimesTen forcaching Oracle data.Oracle TimesTen In-MemoryDatabase TroubleshootingProcedures GuideProvides information and solutions for handlingproblems that may arise while developing applicationsthat work with TimesTen, or while configuring ormanaging TimesTen.2 Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
Background readingFor a Java reference, see: Horstmann, Cay and Gary Cornell. Core Java(TM) 2, Volume I-Fundamentals (7th Edition) (Core Java 2). Prentice Hall PTR; 7 edition(August 17, 2004).A list of books about ODBC and SQL is in the Microsoft ODBC manualincluded in your developer’s kit. Your developer’s kit includes the appropriateODBC manual for your platform: Microsoft ODBC 3.0 Programmer’s Reference and SDK Guide provides allrelevant information on ODBC for Windows developers. Microsoft ODBC 2.0 Programmer’s Reference and SDK Guide, includedonline in PDF format, provides information on ODBC for UNIX developers.For a conceptual overview and programming how-to of ODBC, see: Kyle Geiger. Inside ODBC. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. 1995.For a review of SQL, see: Melton, Jim and Simon, Alan R. Understanding the New SQL: A CompleteGuide. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. 1993. Groff, James R. / Weinberg, Paul N. SQL: The Complete Reference, SecondEdition. McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. 2002.For information about Unicode, see: The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0,Addison-Wesley Professional, 2006. The Unicode Consortium Home Page at http://www.unicode.orgInstalling TimesTenTimesTen Release 7.0 includes the TimesTen Data Manager for 32-bit and 64-bitplatforms. See the Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Installation Guide fora description of supported platforms.In addition to the Data Manager, TimesTen Release 7.0 also includes TimesTenClient and Server components. You can install the TimesTen Data Managerstand-alone or in a client/server environment.For a list of the The TimesTen default installation directories, see the OracleTimesTen In-Memory Database Installation Guide.About this Guide 3
Conventions used in this guideTimesTen supports multiple platforms. Unless otherwise indicated, theinformation in this guide applies to all supported platforms. The term Windowsrefers to Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. The termUNIX refers to Solaris, Linux, HP-UX, Tru64 and AIX.TimesTen documentation uses these typographical conventions:If you see.It means.code fontCode examples, filenames, and pathnames.For example, the .odbc.ini. or ttconnect.ini file.italic codefontA variable in a code example that you must replace.For example:Driver install dir/lib/libtten.slReplace install dir with the path of your TimesTeninstallation directory.TimesTen documentation uses these conventions in command line examples anddescriptions:If you see.It means.fixed widthitalicsVariable; must be replaced with an appropriate value. Insome cases, such as for parameter values in built-inprocedures, you may need to single quote (' ') the value.[ ]Square brackets indicate that an item in a command lineis optional.{ }Curly braces indicated that you must choose one of theitems separated by a vertical bar ( ) in a command line. A vertical bar (or pipe) separates arguments that you mayuse more than one argument on a single command line.An ellipsis (. . .) after an argument indicates that you mayuse more than one argument on a single command line.%The percent sign indicates the UNIX shell prompt.#The number (or pound) sign indicates the UNIX rootprompt.4 Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
TimesTen documentation uses these variables to identify path, file and usernames:If you see.It means.install dirThe path that represents the directory where the currentrelease of TimesTen is installed.TTinstanceThe instance name for your specific installation ofTimesTen. Each installation of TimesTen must beidentified at install time with a unique alphanumericinstance name. This name appears in the install path. Theinstance name “giraffe” is used in examples in this guide.bits or bbTwo digits, either 32 or 64, that represent either the 32-bitor 64-bit operating system.release or rrTwo digits that represent the first two digits of the currentTimesTen release number, with or without a dot. Forexample, 70 or 7.0 represents TimesTen Release 7.0.jdk versionTwo digits that represent the version number of themajor JDK release. Specifically, 14 represent JDK 1.4;5 represents JDK 5.timestenA sample name for the TimesTen instance administrator.You can use any legal user name as the TimesTenadministrator. On Windows, the TimesTen instanceadministrator must be a member of the Administratorsgroup. Each TimesTen instance can have a uniqueinstance administrator name.DSNThe data source name.Finding the information you needThe table below provides a brief overview of the TimesTen development process.It will help you get started with your application and find relevant information asyou progress.To learn how toSeeInstall TimesTenOracle TimesTen In-Memory DatabaseInstallation GuideCreate and use a TimesTen datastoreChapter 1, “QuickStart”About this Guide 5
To learn how toSeeUse the ttIsql command-lineutility to execute SQLChapter 5, “Using the ttIsql Utility”Manage TimesTen resourcesChapter 3, “Working with the OracleTimesTen Data Manager Daemon”Troubleshoot problems runningthe TimesTen demosOracle TimesTen In-Memory DatabaseTroubleshooting Procedures Guide6 Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
Technical SupportFor information about obtaining technical support for TimesTen products, go tothe following Web About this Guide 7
8 Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Operations Guide
1Creating TimesTen Data StoresA TimesTen data store is a collection of tables and indexes that can be accessedand manipulated through SQL. This chapter describes how to set up a TimesTendata store. It begins with an overview of the things you should consider whensetting up a data store and then describes each task in detail.Once you have created a data store, you can: Use the ttIsql utility to connect to the data store and execute a SQL file orstart an interactive SQL session, as described in “Batch mode vs. interactivemode” on page 97. Execute an application that uses the data store, as described Oracle TimesTenIn-Memory Database Java Developer’s and Reference Guide and OracleTimesTen In-Memory Database C Developer’s and Reference Guide.The main topics are: TimesTen ODBC and JDBC drivers Data source names Creating a DSN on Windows Creating a DSN on UNIX DSN examples Specifying the size of a data store Specifying a RAM policy Copying, migrating, backing up and restoring a data store Working with the ODBC.INI file9
TimesTen ODBC and JDBC driversThis section describes some basic concepts that will help you define TimesTendata stores. The main topics are: TimesTen ODBC drivers TimesTen JDBC driverC applications interact with TimesTen either by linking directly with a TimesTenODBC driver, or by linking with an ODBC driver manager. Java applicationsaccess the ODBC driver through a JDBC library. Consider the following points: An application that uses an ODBC driver manager dynamically loads anODBC driver at runtime. A single application can use more than one ODBCdriver within the same application, even if the drivers are for differentRDBMS products. The downside to this flexibility is that the driver manageradds additional runtime overhead. An application that links directly with an ODBC driver can use only the driverwith which it is linked. This option offers less flexibility but betterperformance than linking with a driver manager. An application that is using an ODBC driver manager cannot use XLA.On Windows, TimesTen installs the ODBC driver manager if it is not alreadypresent on the machine.On UNIX, ODBC driver managers are available from third-party vendors.ODBC driver managers are not supplied with UNIX systems. This guide refers tothe use of a driver manager for Windows systems only.For more information on how to compile an application that uses the TimesTendata manager, see Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Java Developer’s andReference Guide
About this Guide TimesTen documentation . . Copying, migrating, backing up and restoring a data store . . . . . . . .32 Working with the ODBC.INI file . . About this Guide Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database is a high-performance, in-memory data manager that supports the ODBC and JDBC interfaces. This guide provides:
This section summarizes the new features of Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database release 11.2.1 that are described in this guide. It provides links to more information. New features in Release 11.2.1.8.0 ODP.NET support for Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database (TimesTen) provides ADO.NET data access from .NET client applications to TimesTen .
Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database is a high-performance, in-memory data manager that supports the ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) and JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity) interfaces. This guide is for application developers who use and administer TimesTen. It
Oracle TimesTen is a an enterprise-class in-memory database with a rich feature set, with the intention of . in-process execution of database code. 7. . based, relying on shipping log records for committed transactions from a transmitter database to a receiver database, on which the changes in
This section discusses basic concepts and initial considerations in using open source . TimesTen support of open source languages is through the Oracle Database Programming Interface for C (ODPI-C). ODPI-C is an open source library from Oracle . the path to any Oracle Database libraries. The path is set appropriately when you use
Changes in This Release for Oracle Database In-Memory Guide Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) xii Part I Oracle Database In-Memory Concepts 1 Introduction to Oracle Database In-Memory 1.1 Challenges for Analytic Applications 1-1 1.2 The Single-Format Approach 1-2 1.3 The Oracle Database In-Memory Solution 1-2
viii Related Documentation The platform-specific documentation for Oracle Database 10g products includes the following manuals: Oracle Database - Oracle Database Release Notes for Linux Itanium - Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux Itanium - Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux Itanium - Oracle Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters
Changes in This Release for Oracle Database In-Memory Guide Changes in Oracle Database Release 18c, Version 18.1 xii Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) xiii Part I Oracle Database In-Memory Concepts 1 Introduction to Oracle Database In-Memory 1.1 Challenges for Analytic Applications 1-1 1.2 The Single-Format Approach 1-2 1.3 .
B. Anatomi dan Fisiologi 1. Anatomi Tulang adalah jaringan yang kuat dan tangguh yang memberi bentuk pada tubuh. Skelet atau kerangka adalah rangkaian tulang yang mendukung dan melindungi organ lunak, terutama dalam tengkorak dan panggul. Tulang membentuk rangka penunjang dan pelindung bagi tubuh dan tempat untuk melekatnya otot-otot yang menggerakan kerangka tubuh. Tulang juga merupakan .
