WAAS, Resiliency And Outreach - GPS
WAAS, Resiliency and Outreach16 October 2018 – Lima, PeruPresented byKen Alexander, U.S.Copyright 2018 APEC Secretariat
Overview Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) SatelliteBased Augmentation System (SBAS) GPS Resiliency and Robustness Educational Outreach2
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Overview and Strategy Coverage Performance GEO Sustainment Dual Frequency Operations LP/LPV Procedures3
Current WAAS Components4
WAAS Localizer Performance VerticalLPV-200 Availability Sept, 20185
Performance Monitoring Daily review of performance at 38 WAAS reference stationsand up to 10 NSTB stations– Precision approach Daily results: http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/pasummary/– Non-Precision approach Daily results: http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/npa sps summary/– GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) Daily results: http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/sps summaryDB3/ Daily review of LPV and LPV-200 performance at airportswith RNAV instrument approach procedures (IAP) Airport predictions– Publish WAAS availability prediction for airports with LPV IAP Prediction tool: http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/AirportSchedules/28
WAAS Performance Apr 1– Jun 30 20182018* Localizer Performance (LP) service is available when the calculated Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) is less than 40 meters.Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LPV) service is available when the calculated HPL is less than 40 meters and theVertical Protection Level (VPL) is less than 50 meters. Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance to 200 foot decision height(LPV200) service is available when the calculated HPL is less than 40 meters and the VPL is less than 35 meters29
GEO Sustainment (GEOs 5/6/7) GEO 5 (Eutelsat) at 117W– Operational March 2018 GEO 6 (SES-15) at 129W– Provides full coverage of CONUS and Alaska– launched 18 May 2017– Concluded Phase 1 development May 2018with completion of:-–Signal Generator Sub-system (SGS),Radio Frequency Uplink (RFU), andSatellite integrationPhase 2 cutover in 2nd quarter CY2019GEO 5 (Eutelsat)GEO 6 (SES 15)Expected operational capability June 2019 GEO 7 Satellite AcquisitionContract awarded March 2018– Leidos (Intelsat)– Completed Integrated Baseline Review (IBR)September 2018–830
WAAS GEO TransitionsFederalAviationAdministrationWAAS GEO ActivitiesIntelSat Galaxy 15Telesat Anik F1RGEO 5 AddedIntelSat Galaxy 15Telesat Anik F1RGEO 6 Added9Telesat Anik F1RWithout CRWWithout CREGEO 7 Added31
WAAS Phase IV-A (5 Releases) Release 1 (Processor Upgrades) - completed April 2017– Replaced obsolete WAAS Reference Station (WRS), WAAS Master Station (WMS) andGEO Uplink Station (GUS) processors which support processing of L5 measurements Release 2 (GEO 5) - cutover March 2018– Replaced existing AMR satellite with new GEO 5 satellite– Provides dual coverage over entire service area Release 3 (G-III Multicast Structure) - cutover July 2018– Upgrades the G-III multicast structure– Software updated to begin to transmit/process for L5 data Release 4 (Correction & Verification (C&V) Safety ComputerValidation and Deployment)––––Validation testing completed September 2018Cutover/deployment complete by Feb 2019Updates safety computer within WAAS C&V SubsystemAddresses obsolescence issues and adds additional capacity to support L5 signals anddual frequency services Release 5 (GPT SC Validation & GEO 6)– GEO 6 on scheduled to be cutover September 2019– Integrates GEO 6 and includes an update to the GEO Uplink Station (GUS) design usingthe new safety computer10
WAAS Phase IV-BDual Frequency OperationsDesign, testing, and implementation of DFOHardwareSoftware C&V Hardware Obsolete Processor Upgrade SIGGEN GUS Receivers L5 Message Generation Correction & Verification AIX to Linux L2 to L5GEO Acquisition &Integration GEO7 Integration GEO 8 Acquisition &IntegrationH-ARAIMEvaluation & testing ofHorizontal Advanced ReceiverAutonomous IntegrityMonitoring CapabilitiesTDM-IP TransitionDesign, testing, andimplementation of TDM-IPtransition33
WAAS Phase IV InvestigationsDual-Frequency Multi-constellation Capability (DFMC) International Focus on leveraging GPS like constellations– International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Navigation Systems Panel(NSP) has developed work plan that supports development of futurestandards for use of other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)– ICAO SARPS with planned completion by Nov 2018 SBAS Interoperability Working Group (IWG) proposed preliminaryDFMC requirements & SBAS interface control standard ICAO NSP, RTCA and EUROCAE developing draft standards– Aircraft equipage expected no earlier than 2026– EU expected to offer interim services for a wide range of users FAA supporting DFMC SBAS standards development– SARPS and MOPS development and urope34
WAAS Phase IV Investigations (continued)Advanced RAIM (ARAIM) Avionics-centric approach to dual-frequency multi-constellation WG-C is developing a new work plan to develop standards andsupporting validation information– User Algorithm Documentation, Draft SARPs and CONOPS – Completed 2018– Safety Documentation – Due 2018 FAA focus on development of initial requirements for horizontalnavigation (H-ARAIM)–––––––Developing airborne prototypes for flight testingDocument ground offline monitoring and begin prototyping if neededPreliminary H-ARAIM safety case (include V-ARAIM as time allows)Preliminary ICAO/RTCA requirementsPropose and validate new GPS/Galileo commitmentsApproval for SARPS changes in 2020Add material to DFMC MOPS to incorporate ARAIM ope35
WAAS Procedures and UsersApproach Procedures 1,549 ILS procedures 4,639 WAAS LP & LPVProcedures (Sept 2018)– 3,956 Localizer PrecisionVertical (LPV) procedures Serving over 1,900 airportsUsers Over 118,000 WAAS equipped aircraft WAAS/SBAS enabling technology for FAA NextGen– Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B)– Performance Based Navigation (PBN)14
Combined SBAS/RAIM ReceiverNominal Horizontal PerformanceCombined SBAS/RAIM receiver supports enroute and terminalnavigation globally with much higher availability in SBAS coverage437
Operational and Planned SBASwith number of Published CM2018MSAS2007NPA LP655*LPV count includesCategory 1 Localizer Performance (LP) with vertical guidance (LPV)OperationalAustralia/ SBASPlanned20202023638
PNT Resilience--What can you do now? Protect GPS and Critical Infrastructure that Relies on GPS Include GPS enabled devices in Cybersecurity plans Be a demanding customer - toughen GPS devices:– Incorporate valid range checking and other elements of latest GPSInterface Specification (IS-GPS-200 *)– Incorporate DHS Best Practices (Improving the Operation andDevelopment of Global Positioning System (GPS) Equipment Usedby Critical Infrastructure *)* Documents available at www.gps.gov39
Aviation Resiliency and Robustness DME/VOR/TACAN service required for foreseeable future toensure resilient and robust navigation infrastructure Supports Performance Based Navigation (PBN) operationsin event of GNSS disruptions NextGen DME Program– Established siting criteria– 100 DME targeted for discontinuance– Planning 124 New DMEs VOR Minimum Operational Ntework (MON)– Discontinued 34 VORs (Phase 1: 74 to be discontinued by 2020)– Next phase decision anticipated in 2020– Current Phase 2 plan would discontinue 237 VORs (Approximate 40%of Total VORs) ILS Rationalization planned in 201940
U.S. Outreach and EducationU.S. Space Policy Includes:Develop and Retain Space Professionals. Departments andagencies also shall promote and expand public-privatepartnerships to foster educational achievement in Science,Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs,supported by targeted investments in such initiatives.41
GPS Outreach & Education42
GPS-Based STEM Curriculum Uses GPS concepts & applications to stimulate studentinterest in STEM Designed for middle school Highlights STEM careers and diversity Low/no-cost classroom activities Maps to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) andCommon CORE Inquiry-based learning using stories, videos, etc.43
Inquiry Based Learning – “IDEA”Inquire: Present an event for inquiryDiscuss: Open discussionExplain:Mini lectureApply: Exercise44
Curriculum StructureCoursesEarthLessons (3 Per Course)Are we there Yet?Mapping it out withLongitude & LatitudeDo you read me?Radio, Magnets &Information TransferSpaceLaunchingExplorationsSatellites & OrbitsLifeBaby is it ColdOutside? WeatherForecastingSaving MotherNature:EnvironmentalConservationMovementUp Up & Away!Aviation Moves UsNetworks of Power:Energy & InformationLiving Weightless:International SpaceStationI’m on my way!Navigation &Global pply for ISSFeed the World:Agriculture &Precision FarmingGlobal SupplyChain: Planes,Trains &Automobiles12 Lesson Plans are downloadable and Free for Use45
Sample Materials (1 of 3)46
Sample Materials (2 of 3)47
Sample Materials (3 of 3)48
Check Out the Courses/Lesson Plans andSupporting Educational MaterialsGPS.gov/studentsGPS-STEM.com(temporary URL)49
Course Completion Certificates50
GPS Information, Presentations, etc.Stay up to date: www.gps.gov “GPS Bulletin” Newsletter– Anyone can subscribe or get back issuesThank You!Ken AlexanderCo-Chair U.S. PNT Engineering ForumU.S. Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT1401 Constitution Ave, NW – Room 2518Washington, DC 20230Phone: (202) 482-5809www.gps.govGPS: Accessible, Accurate, Interoperable29
Backups52
RTCA SC-159 Deliverables (1 of 2)DO-253DDescriptionDue DateUpdated GPS/SBAS MOPS (toDecemberincrease the number of SBAS2016Pseudorandom Noise [PRN] codesfrom 19 to 39); Graceful degradationto RAIMUpdated GBAS MOPS.July 2017DO-246EUpdated GBAS ICD.July 2017DO-368New MOPS for GPS/GLONASS(FDMA antenna) L1-only airborneequipment.**New GNSS dual-frequency(1575/1176 MHz) antenna MOPS forairborne equipmentUpdated L1 interferenceenvironment report.July 2017Updated L5 interferenceenvironment report.March 2019DO-229EProductGNSS L1/L5 Antenna MOPSDO-235CDO-292AMay 2018October201831
RTCA SC-159 Deliverables (2 of 2)GNSS-Aided Inertial SystemsMOPSNew MOPS for GNSS-aided inertialnavigation systems.Apr 2020GNSS(SBAS) L1/L5 MOPS*Initial GPS/Galileo/SBAS MOPS forVerification and ValidationValidated GPS/Galileo/SBAS MOPSfor dual-frequency equipment**2020Initial GPS/Galileo/GBAS MOPS forVerification and ValidationValidated GPS/Galileo GBAS MOPSfor dual-frequency equipment.**2021GNSS(GBAS) L1/L5 MOPS*20222023* Requirements for core constellations in addition to GPS and Galileo are dependentupon prerequisites** New MOPS will address, to the extent practicable, the threats of intentional interference andspoofing.New MOPS should address, to the extent practicable, the possibility of higher levels of adjacentband interference in the future operational environment.32
- Replaced obsolete WAAS Reference Station (WRS), WAAS Master Station (WMS) and GEO Uplink Station (GUS) processors which support processing of L5 measurements Release 2 (GEO 5) - cutover March 2018 - Replaced existing AMR satellite with new GEO 5 satellite - Provides dual coverage over entire service area
SF-WAAS-4.0-SS-K9 Cisco WAAS 4.0 SAS SW image (separate license required) 0.00 WAAS-CNTRL-MGR Cisco WAAS Central Manager License (1 per mgmt appliance) 3,000.00 WAAS-ENT-APL Cisco WAAS Enterprise License for 1 WAE Appliance 6,000.00 WAAS-ENT-NM Cisco WAAS Enterprise License for 1 NME model 502 or 522 3,000.00
i. Garmin GNS 400W/500W Series GPS/WAAS receiver, ii. Garmin GTN 650 Series GPS/WAAS receiver, nor, iii. Garmin GTN 750 Series GPS/WAAS receiver. 3. If any of the positions sensors listed above is utilized to provide position data to the ADS-B Out System, then the GPS/WAAS receiver and associated GPS antenna must be installed in the
Cisco Prime NAM for WAAS VB is installed using the Cisco WAAS Central Manager (CM) software. The WAAS CM copies the Cisco Prime NAM Software ISO image from an FTP server to a physical disk on the host WAAS Appliance and installs the Cisco Prime NAM Software. Cisco Prime NAM for WAAS VB Features and Benefits
Topology Including WAAS Appliance 90 Test Results 91 Branch WAAS Compressions Ratios 91 OER Master State Change 92 Syslog Output 93 Configuration Example—Dual Branch Routers with WAAS Appliance 95 Primary Master Controller and Border Router 95 Standby Master Controller and Border Router 100 Branch WAAS Appliance 104 Campus WAAS Appliance 106
Cisco Public WAAS Optimizes Print by 80%, Optional Local Print Server Centralized Print Servers –Print spools optimized by up to 80% Local Print Server using Windows Server on WAAS (WoW) –Avoids Print Spools (10X the size of document) traversing the WAN –WoW provides branch print server, with no additional H/W WAAS Appliance Cisco WAAS
The Cisco WAAS (TOE) is a network application delivery solution for Wide Area Networks (WANs) – geared for branch and mobile employee deployments. By deploying WAAS, IT . hardware appliance products loaded with the WAAS 4.2.1 software package, which comprises the solution.
WAAS ACNS WAE/ WAAS ACNS AVS Cat6K ACE/CSS/CSM Branch Applications Datacenter WAN Storage Content ISR Branch/WAN Data Center 7600 Branch Solutions: ACNS and WAAS on the WAE platform Data Centre Application Services: ACE, CSS, CSM, AVS, GSS Cisco Approach to Total Application Delivery Key Enterprise Applications Addressed By Cisco WAAS
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to make a significant difference to health and care. A broad range of techniques can be used to create Artificially Intelligent Systems (AIS) to carry out or augment health and care tasks that have until now been completed by humans, or have not been possible previously; these techniques include inductive logic programming, robotic process .
