Seeding Manual 2014 Edition - Minnesota Department Of Transportation
Seeding Manual2014 EditionOffice of Environmental StewardshipErosion Control Engineering Unit1
Mn/DOT Seeding ManualThe seeding manual entails methods used to establish and maintain both general and native seed mixtures forroadside plantings throughout the state of Minnesota. The manual provides a basic guide to the seed mixturesthat Mn/DOT typically specifies and the methods for placement. For detailed seeding and mulchrecommendations, refer to the individual Mn/DOT district seeding recommendations.Seed MixturesThe seed mixtures described in Mn/DOT’s Standard Specifications for Construction 2014 Edition will be specifiedand used on construction projects Seed Mixtures from the 1995, 2000, and 2005 editions of the StandardSpecifications for Construction should no longer be specified.2
Table of ContentsSubjectPage #Basic Seed Mixture Design Information5General Seed Mixture Overview5Season of Planting6Dormant Seeding6Snow Seeding6Seed Mix Conversion Table7Seed Mixes8Establishing Non-Native Seed Mixtures35General Recommendations35Temporary Erosion Control35Fertilizer35Seeding MethodsMethod 1.Method 2.Method 3.Method 4.36Drop Seeding Onto Tilled SitesHydroseedingBroadcast SeedingInterseeding Into Existing Vegetation or MulchEstablishing Native Grasses and Forbs3636363737General Recommendations37Native Grass and Forb Mixtures38Cover/nurse Crops38Temporary Erosion Control38Fertilizer39Seeding Into Agricultural Fields39Inoculants39Seed Treatments39Seeding Methods40Method 1.Method 2.Method 3.Method 4.Method 5.Drop Seeding Onto Tilled SitesDrill Seeding Into Temporary Cover CropsDrill Seeding Into Existing VegetationBroadcast SeedingHydroseeding4040414242Maintenance Requirements43General Seed Mixtures (25-121, 25-141 and 25-142)43Turfgrass Mixtures (25-131 and 25-151 )43Native Grass and Forb Mixtures (mixtures beginning with the number 3)443
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Basic Seed Mixture Design InformationThe following recommendations are intended to provide general guidance for the areas in which mixtures listedshould be used. Note that within each mixture tabulation, at the end of this manual, there is a brief description ofthe mix and what it was developed for.The seeding rates listed are for roadside establishment and initial erosion control. The rates are somewhathigher than rates used for seeding parkland fields and other non-roadside areas.General Seed Mixture OverviewTable 1Recommended Seed lbs/acre)Fall Cover21-112100N/ASpring/Summer Cover21-111100N/ASoil-building Cover21-113110N/A1 to 2 years of Cover22-11130.5N/A2 to 5 years of Cover22-11240N/ASandy Roadside25-12161Mow up to 3 times per yearGeneral RoadsideCommercial TurfResidential Turf25-14125-13125-15159220120Mow up to 3 times per yearMow a minimum of once per 4 weeksMow a minimum of once per 2 weeksAgricultural Area Roadside25-14245Mow up to 3 times per yearPonds & Wet Areas in Central,Southern and Western MNPonds & Wet Areas in NortheastMN33-2613533-36135Sandy/dry Areas- Short Grasses35-22136.5MaintenanceTo reduce weed establishment, mow 2stNativeGeneral Roadside35-24136.5Wet PrairieRiparian areas in Central,Southern, and Western MN34-26214.534-26131.5Riparian areas in Northeast MNPartly shaded roadsides inSouthern and Western MNPartly shaded roadsides inNortheast MNPartly shaded roadsides inNorthwest MNPartly shaded roadsides inCentral .55to 3 times (30 days apart) during 1year with the mower deck about 6”-8”off the ground. Mow one time duringndthe 2 year before weeds set theirseeds. Burn or mow once every 3 to 5years following the initial 2 years ofmaintenance to remove dead plantmaterial and stimulate new seed.
Season of PlantingThe season of planting for seed mixtures runs from spring to early summer and from fall until the ground freezes.Table 2 lists the general dates when seeding of various Mn/DOT mixes should occur. Seasons can be extendedbased on the current weather patterns, such as frequent low intensity rainfalls with cooler than averagetemperatures.Table 2SEASON OF PLANTINGSeed MixtureSpringFallNumber21-112--Aug. 1 – Oct. 121-111 & 21-113May 1 – Aug. 1--22-111, 22-112April 1 - July 20.July 20 – Oct. 2025-121, 25-141, 25-131, 25151April 1 - June 1July 20 - Sept. 2025-142April 1 – Sept. 1--Mixes beginning with number 3April 15 – July 20Sept. 20 – Oct. 20Note: For the portion of Minnesota north of, and including TH 2, the Season of Plantingfor Mixtures 22-111 through 25-151 shall be April 15 through September 20.Dormant SeedingWhen dormant seeding, it is important to note different species are dormant at different times of the year.Dormant seeding for warm-season grasses occurs in early fall as they require 65 F and above sustained soiltemperatures and moisture to germinate. Cool-season grasses will germinate at colder temperatures, a soiltemperature at a depth of 1” at or below 40 F. Cool-season grasses generally germinate in a shorter period oftime. Many forbs will not germinate at all the first year when seeded in the spring as they require a freeze/thawperiod (winter) to germinate. Thus, forbs may not appear until the following spring. Dormant seeding issomewhat risky due to factors such as weather, snow cover, predation, and soil erosion. However, plantings doappear to contain more diversity of cool-season grasses and forbs when installed in the fall.Snow SeedingSeeding on top of the snow with a prepared seedbed below the snow is considered snow seeding and usuallyperformed due to contract constraints. When this is done the seed will melt through the snow and germinatewhen it reached the correct temperature in the spring. Mulch can also be placed over the snow on top of theseeded site. Snow seeding can be done during the thawing days in February and March.6
Seed Mix Conversion TableTable 3: Seed MixesClick the mix number to see details for each mixPLSCATEGORYNUMBERNAMERateCover Crop10021-111Oats Cover Crop10021-112Winter Wheat Cover Crop11021-113Soil Building Cover CropMid-Term Stabilization30.522-111Two-year Stabilization40.022-112Five-year StabilizationNon-Native Grassland61.025-121Sandy General Roadside22025-131Low Maintenance Turf5925-141Mesic General Roadside4525-142Agricultural Roadside12025-151High Maintenance TurfMid-term Stabilization Native3832-241Native ConstructionStormwater Facilities3533-261Stormwater South and West4433-262Dry Swale / Pond3533-361Stormwater NortheastWetland5.334-171Wetland Rehabilitation534-181Emergent Wetland31.534-261Riparian South & West14.534-262Wet Prairie1234-271Wet Meadow South & West31.534-361Riparian Northeast12.534-371Wet Meadow NortheastNative Grassland36.535-221Dry Prairie General36.535-241Mesic Prairie General1135-421Dry Prairie Northwest1135-441Mesic Prairie Northwest12.535-521Dry Prairie Southwest1235-541Mesic Prairie Southwest1135-621Dry Prairie Southeast1235-641Mesic Prairie SoutheastWoodland34.5Woodland Edge South &36-211West33.536-311Woodland Edge Northeast35.536-411Woodland Edge Northwest35.536-711Woodland Edge Central7REPLACESMNDOT 110, BWSR UT1MNDOT 100MNDOT 130MNDOT 150MNDOT 190MNDOT 240MNDOT 260MNDOT 250MNDOT 280MNDOT 270BWSR U12, BWSR U11MNDOT 310 & 328BWSR W4BWSR W7, MNDOT 310 & 328BWSR WT3BWSR W1BWSR R1BWSR W3, MNDOT 325BWSR W2BWSR R1BWSR W2NMNDOT 330MNDOT 350BWSR U2BWSR U1BWSR U4BWSR U3BWSR U6BWSR U5BWSR U7BWSR U13, BWSR U14
Seed Mixes21-111Common NameOatsOats Cover CropScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)Purpose:Planting Area:100.00112.08Avena sativaTotal100.00112.08Temporary cover crop for spring and summer plantingsStatewide21-112Winter Wheat CoverCropCommon NameWinter WheatScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Purpose:Planting Area:100.00Total100.00Temporary cover crop for fall plantingsStatewide21-113Soil Building CoverCropCommon NameTriticum aestivumScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)112.09112.09Rate (kg/ha)Field Pea50.0056.04Pisum sativumForbs Subtotal50.0056.04Oats60.0067.25Avena sativaCover Crop ry cover crop with soil building function.Planting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.22-111Common Name% of Mix(by weight)100.00%100.00%% of Mix(by weight)100.00%100.00%% of Mix(by weight)45.46%45.46%54.54%54.54%100.00%Seeds/ sq ft44.5444.54Seeds/ sq ft26.0826.08Seeds/ sq ft3.443.4426.7226.7230.16Two-year StabilizationScientific NameRate (lb/ac)slender wheatgrassPerennial RyegrassRate (kg/ha)9.0010.09Elymus trachycaulus4.505.04Lolium perenneGrasses Subtotal13.5015.13Alfalfa8.509.53Medicago sativaRed Clover8.509.53Trifolium pratenseForbs Subtotal17.0019.05Total30.5034.19Purpose:One to two year soil stabilization with non-native speciesPlanting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.Back to Table 38% of Mix(by Seeds/ sq ft22.8022.4245.2244.2553.1397.38142.60
22-112Common NameFive-year StabilizationScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)Perennial RyegrassSmooth Bromeslender wheatgrassbig bluestem% of Mix(by weight)13.5015.13Lolium perenne6.006.73Bromus inermis2.002.24Elymus trachycaulus0.500.56Andropogon gerardiiGrasses Subtotal22.0024.66Alfalfa8.509.53Medicago sativaRed Clover5.506.16Trifolium pratenseAlsike Clover3.503.92Trifolium hybridumAmerican vetch0.500.56Vicia americanaForbs Subtotal18.0020.18Total40.0044.83Purpose:Two to five year soil stabilization with non-native species.Planting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.25-121Common .26%45.00%100.00%Seeds/ sq 227.51Sandy GeneralRoadsideScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Park KentuckybluegrassPerennial RyegrassSmooth BromeCanada bluegrass*Hard fescueslender wheatgrassswitchgrassRate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft16.0017.9326.23%510.50Poa pratensis Park13.5015.1322.13%67.25Lolium perenne8.008.9713.12%26.25Bromus inermis7.758.6912.70%425.50Poa compressa4.254.766.96%55.10Festuca trachyphylla2.002.243.29%5.08Elymus trachycaulus1.501.682.46%7.73Panicum virgatumSchizachyriumlittle bluestem1.501.682.46%8.28scopariumSporobolussand dropseed1.501.682.45%110.00cryptandrusGrasses Subtotal56.0062.7791.80%1215.69Red Clover4.505.047.38%28.13Trifolium pratensepurple prairie clover0.500.560.82%2.75Dalea purpureaForbs 46.57Purpose:General non-native roadside for dry or sandy soils.Planting Area:Statewide. Well suited for Pine Moraines & Outwash Plains, Mille Lacs Uplands, andAnoka Sand Plain subsections. Mn/DOT Distrct 3A and eastern 3BCombine all components when blending this mix.*Species in the sheeps fescue complex (Festuca spp.) may be used interchangeably with Canada bluegrass inthis mix. Varieties must match those listed on the substitution table.Back to Table 39
25-131Common NameLow Maintenance TurfScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ftred fescue64.0071.7329.09%667.00Festuca rubraFestuca rubra ssp.Chewing's Fescue44.0049.3220.00%458.60commutataLow MaintenancePoa pratensis LowKentucky bluegrass36.0040.3516.36%1148.70MaintenanceHard fescue30.0033.6313.64%389.10Festuca trachyphyllaSheep Fescue25.0028.0211.37%304.22Festuca ovinaPerennial Ryegrass21.0023.549.54%104.60Lolium , shade and drought tolerant turfgrass. Requires less frequent mowing and lessfertilization than conventional turfgrass.Planting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.25-141Common NameMesic GeneralRoadsideScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Park KentuckybluegrassPerennial RyegrassSmooth BromeCanada bluegrass*fowl bluegrassslender wheatgrassTimothyswitchgrassRate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft15.7517.6526.69%502.50Poa pratensis Park13.2514.8522.46%66.00Lolium perenne7.758.6913.14%25.42Bromus inermis7.508.4112.71%412.00Poa compressa4.004.486.78%191.00Poa palustris2.002.243.40%5.08Elymus trachycaulus1.751.962.97%49.50Phleum pratense1.501.682.54%7.70Panicum virgatumGrasses %18.20Medicago sativaWhite Clover2.002.243.39%32.70Trifolium repensForbs 10.10Purpose:General non-native mix for roadsides with mesic soils.Planting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.*Species in the sheeps fescue complex (Festuca spp.) may be used interchangeably with Canada bluegrass inthis mix. Varieties must match those listed on the substitution table.Back to Table 310
25-142Common NameAgricultural RoadsideScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Perennial RyegrassSmooth Bromefowl bluegrassslender wheatgrassTimothyswitchgrass13.5015.1330.00%Lolium perenne7.758.6917.23%Bromus inermis6.006.7313.33%Poa palustris2.002.244.45%Elymus trachycaulus1.751.963.89%Phleum pratense1.501.683.33%Panicum virgatumGrasses icago sativaForbs ose:General non-native roadside for areas that will be cut for hay.Planting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.25-151Common NameElite KentuckybluegrassLow MaintenanceKentucky bluegrassPark KentuckybluegrassPerennial Ryegrassred fescueSeeds/ sq .46High Maintenance TurfScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Poa pratensis ElitePoa pratensis LowMaintenanceRate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq onventional turfgrass. Not salt, shade or drought tolerant. Requires moremowing, fertilizer and water than the low maintenance turf mix.Planting Area:StatewideCombine all components when blending this mix.Poa pratensis ParkLolium perenneFestuca rubraBack to Table 311
32-241Common Nameslender wheatgrassnodding wild ryeVirginia wild ryefringed bromebig bluestemside-oats gramaIndian grassswitchgrassfowl bluegrasspartridge peablack-eyed susanCanada tick trefoilhoary vervainwild bergamotOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Native ConstructionScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft2.502.806.57%Elymus trachycaulus2.002.245.26%Elymus canadensis2.002.245.26%Elymus virginicus1.401.573.69%Bromus ciliatus1.251.403.30%Andropogon gerardii1.001.122.64%Bouteloua curtipendula1.001.122.63%Sorghastrum nutans0.750.841.97%Panicum virgatum0.600.671.57%Poa palustrisGrasses Subtotal12.5014.0132.89%0.270.300.72%Chamaecrista fasiculata0.090.100.23%Rudbeckia hirta0.070.080.20%Desmodium canadense0.050.060.13%Verbena stricta0.020.020.04%Monarda fistulosaForbs Subtotal0.500.561.32%Avena sativa25.0028.0265.79%Cover Crop term soil stabilization using native species. Also suitable for sides ofagricultural drainage ditches or low-diversity mesic prairie planting.Tallgrass Aspen Parklands, Prairie Parkland, and Eastern Broadleaf ForestProvinces. Mn/DOT Districts 2(west), 3B, 4, Metro, 6, 7 & 8.Back to Table .000.150.500.394.3111.1411.1477.91
33-261Common Namebig bluestemfringed bromeVirginia wild ryefowl bluegrassslender wheatgrassswitchgrassprairie cordgrassIndian grassbluejointawl-fruited sedgedark green bulrushwoolgrassgolden alexandersautumn sneezeweedmarsh milkweedleafy beggarticksCanada anemoneobedient planttall coneflowerNew England asterflat-topped asterspotted Joe pye weedblue vervainOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Stormwater South &WestScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft2.002.245.72%7.35Andropogon gerardii2.002.245.73%8.10Bromus ciliatus1.501.684.28%2.31Elymus virginicus1.061.193.03%50.70Poa palustris1.001.122.85%2.53Elymus trachycaulus0.380.431.07%1.93Panicum virgatum0.380.431.07%0.91Spartina pectinata0.120.130.36%0.55Sorghastrum ses Subtotal8.509.5324.29%80.780.250.280.71%3.10Carex stipata0.190.210.54%31.70Scirpus atrovirens0.060.070.18%39.00Scirpus cyperinusSedges & izia aurea0.130.150.36%5.97Helenium autumnale0.110.120.32%0.20Asclepias incarnata0.110.120.31%0.20Bidens frondosa0.070.080.19%0.20Anemone canadensis0.070.080.21%0.30Physostegia virginiana0.070.080.21%0.37Rudbeckia iae0.060.070.17%1.50Doellingeria umbellata0.060.070.18%2.19Eutrochium maculatum0.050.060.15%1.85Verbena hastataForbs na sativaCover Crop %180.85Stormwater pond edges, temporarily flooded dry ponds, and temporarily floodedditch bottoms.Tallgrass Aspen Parklands, Prairie Parkland, and Eastern Broadleaf ForestProvinces. Mn/DOT Districts 2(west), 3B, 4, Metro, 6, 7 & 8.Back to Table 313
33-262Common Namenodding wild ryeslender wheatgrassVirginia wild ryefowl bluegrassbig bluestemAmerican slough grassfringed bromeIndian grassswitchgrassblue vervainpurple prairie cloverCanada tick trefoilEarly Sunflowerblack-eyed susanmarsh milkweedOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Dry Swale / PondScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft4.004.489.09%Elymus canadensis4.004.489.10%Elymus trachycaulus2.502.805.67%Elymus virginicus1.601.793.64%Poa palustris1.501.683.40%Andropogon .40%Bromus ciliatus1.501.683.40%Sorghastrum nutans0.400.450.91%Panicum virgatumGrasses Subtotal18.5020.7442.03%0.100.110.23%Verbena hastata0.090.100.21%Dalea purpurea0.090.100.21%Desmodium canadense0.090.100.20%Heliopsis helianthoides0.070.080.17%Rudbeckia hirta0.060.070.13%Asclepias incarnataForbs Subtotal0.500.561.15%25.0028.0256.82%Avena sativaCover Crop orarily flooded swales in agricultural settings.Tallgrass Aspen Parklands, Prairie Parkland, and Eastern Broadleaf ForestProvinces. Mn/DOT Districts 2(west), 3B, 4, Metro, 6, 7 & 8.Back to Table 500.500.190.202.490.106.9811.1411.14164.06
33-361Common Namefringed bromenodding wild ryeVirginia wild ryefowl bluegrasstall manna grassbluejointdark green bulrushwoolgrassporcupine sedgepointed broom sedgemarsh milkweedspotted Joe pye weedCanada anemoneflat-topped astercommon bonesettall meadow-ruegrass-leaved goldenrodblue monkey flowergiant goldenrodeastern panicled asterOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Stormwater NortheastScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft3.654.0910.43%14.75Bromus ciliatus2.002.245.71%3.82Elymus canadensis2.002.245.73%3.09Elymus virginicus0.640.721.82%30.40Poa palustris0.160.180.44%4.00Glyceria sses us atrovirens0.100.110.27%60.00Scirpus cyperinus0.090.100.26%1.00carex hystericina0.040.040.12%1.30Carex scopariaSedges & Asclepias incarnata0.150.170.42%5.10Eutrochium maculatum0.100.110.29%0.30Anemone canadensis0.100.110.29%2.50Doellingeria umbellata0.050.060.15%3.00Eupatorium perfoliatum0.050.060.16%0.40Thalictrum dasycarpum0.040.040.11%5.00Euthamia graminifolia0.020.020.07%20.00Mimulus ringens0.020.020.06%2.00Solidago Forbs na sativaCover Crop %219.40Stormwater pond edges, temporarily flooded dry ponds, and temporarily floodedditch bottoms.Laurentian Mixed Forest Province. Mn/DOT Districts 1, 2(east) and 3A.Back to Table 315
34-171Common NameVirginia wild ryefowl bluegrassdark green bulrushfox sedgepath rushwoolgrassWater Horehoundnodding bur marigoldblue monkey flowerPurpose:Planting Area:Wetland RehabilitationScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft3.003.3656.61%4.63Elymus virginicus1.001.1218.89%47.80Poa palustrisGrasses us atrovirens0.200.223.85%7.50Carex vulpinoidea0.160.183.03%59.00Juncus tenuis0.080.091.51%50.00Scirpus cyperinusSedges & 15Lycopus americanus0.130.152.45%1.00Bidens cernua0.040.040.67%30.00Mimulus ringensForbs 08Interseeding into establishing wetlands after weed control spraying. Also suitablefor two to five year short term soil stabilization for areas with saturated soils.StatewideBack to Table 316
34-181Common NameAmerican slough grassrice cut grasstall manna grassriver bulrushsoft stem bulrushThree-square bulrushbristly sedgeleast spikerushmarsh spikerushlake sedgewoolgrasstussock sedgeTorrey's rushgiant bur reedcommon water plantainbroad-leavedarrowheadSweet flagmarsh milkweedPurpose:Planting Area:Emergent WetlandScientific NameRate (lb/ac)BeckmanniasyzigachneLeersia oryzoidesGlyceria grandisGrasses rnaemontaniSchoenoplectuspungensCarex comosaEleocharis acicularisEleocharis palustrisCarex lacustrisScirpus cyperinusCarex strictaJuncus torreyiSedges & RushesSubtotalSparganiumeurycarpumAlisma trivialeRate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq 0.300.346.07%6.80Sagittaria latifolia0.280.315.53%0.67Acorus americanus0.280.315.67%0.50Asclepias incarnataForbs .37Emergent wetland restoration for use in wetland mitigation, shoreline restoration,wet stormwater ponds where emergent vegetation is desired.StatewideBack to Table 317
34-261Common NameVirginia wild ryeAmerican slough grassfowl bluegrassriverbank wild ryeprairie cordgrasstall manna grassrice cut grassfowl manna grassfox sedgedark green bulrushpointed broom sedgewoolgrasstussock sedgepath rushblue vervainmarsh milkweedgiant sunflowerspotted Joe pye weedbunched ironweedautumn sneezeweedspotted touch-me-notVirginia mountain minttall coneflowercommon bonesetgreat lobeliagiant goldenrodblue monkey flowerOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Riparian South & WestScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft1.751.965.56%2.70Elymus 840.942.66%40.00Poa palustris0.500.561.58%0.53Elymus riparius0.300.340.96%0.74Spartina pectinata0.250.280.80%6.50Glyceria grandis0.160.180.51%2.00Leersia oryzoides0.090.100.29%3.00Glyceria striataGrasses Subtotal5.255.8816.66%80.370.200.220.65%7.50Carex vulpinoidea0.120.130.38%20.00Scirpus atrovirens0.060.070.21%2.00Carex scoparia0.050.060.15%30.00Scirpus cyperinus0.040.040.13%0.80Carex stricta0.030.030.09%10.00Juncus tenuisSedges & erbena hastata0.120.130.38%0.21Asclepias incarnata0.070.080.22%0.25Helianthus giganteus0.060.070.18%2.00Eutrochium maculatum0.060.070.18%0.50Vernonia fasciculata0.050.060.17%2.50Helenium autumnale0.050.060.17%0.08Impatiens 050.060.15%0.25Rudbeckia laciniata0.030.030.11%2.00Eupatorium perfoliatum0.030.030.09%5.00Lobelia siphilitica0.020.020.07%2.00Solidago gigantea0.010.010.02%5.07Mimulus ringensForbs na sativaCover Crop %190.66Native riparian and floodplain plantings for wetland mitigation, ecologicalrestoration, or general permanent cover after culvert or bridge work. Toleratespartial shade.Tallgrass Aspen Parklands, Prairie Parkland, and Eastern Broadleaf ForestProvinces. Mn/DOT Districts 2(west), 3B, 4, Metro, 6, 7 & 8.Back to Table 318
34-262Common NameVirginia wild ryefringed bromebig bluestemswitchgrassIndian grassprairie cordgrassfowl bluegrasstall manna grassfowl manna grassbluejointfox sedgedark green bulrushBroad-leaved WoolySedgewoolgrasstussock sedgeCanada tick trefoilgolden alexandersblue vervainmarsh milkweedVirginia mountain mintred-stemmed asterflat-topped asterautumn sneezeweedsawtooth sunflowerspotted Joe pye weedCanada anemonecommon bonesetbunched ironweedgrass-leaved goldenrodgreat blazing starCulver's rootgreat lobeliablue monkey flowerOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Wet PrairieScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Elymus virginicusBromus ciliatusAndropogon gerardiiPanicum virgatumSorghastrum nutansSpartina pectinataPoa palustrisGlyceria grandisGlyceria striataCalamagrostiscanadensisGrasses SubtotalCarex vulpinoideaScirpus atrovirensRate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq 0.66%0.72%4.0040.603.5017.740.050.060.32%Carex pellita0.030.030.18%Scirpus cyperinus0.020.020.17%Carex strictaSedges & RushesSubtotal0.300.342.05%0.500.563.41%Desmodium canadense0.250.281.76%Zizia aurea0.150.171.06%Verbena hastata0.080.090.55%Asclepias geria umbellata0.050.060.35%Helenium 0.040.30%Eutrochium maculatum0.030.030.21%Anemone canadensis0.030.030.23%Eupatorium perfoliatum0.030.030.23%Vernonia fasciculata0.020.020.11%Euthamia graminifolia0.020.020.17%Liatris 010.010.05%Lobelia siphilitica0.010.010.05%Mimulus ringensForbs Subtotal1.501.6810.45%6.206.9542.74%Avena sativaCover Crop Subtotal6.206.9542.74%Total14.5016.25100.00%Wet prairie reconstruction for wetland mitigation or ecological restoration.Tallgrass Aspen Parklands, Prairie Parkland, and Eastern Broadleaf ForestProvinces. Mn/DOT Districts 2(west), 3B, 4, Metro, 6, 7 & 8.Back to Table 762.76121.55
34-271Common Namefringed bromeVirginia wild ryefowl bluegrassrice cut grasstall manna grassfowl manna grassbluejointbristly sedgedark green bulrushawl-fruited sedgefox sedgewoolgrasspointed broom sedgepath rushtussock sedgegolden alexandersmarsh milkweedred-stemmed asterblue vervainVirginia mountain mintsawtooth sunflowerautumn sneezeweedeastern panicled asterbunched ironweedcommon bonesetspotted Joe pye weedgreat lobeliagiant goldenrodgrass-leaved goldenrodblue monkey flowertall meadow-rueCulver's rootOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Wet Meadow South &WestScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft1.101.239.18%4.45Bromus ciliatus1.001.128.37%1.55Elymus virginicus0.350.392.88%16.50Poa palustris0.250.282.07%3.10Leersia oryzoides0.150.171.26%3.90Glyceria grandis0.100.110.83%3.30Glyceria sses Subtotal3.003.3625.00%37.800.210.241.78%2.36Carex comosa0.180.201.48%30.00Scirpus atrovirens0.170.191.40%2.10Carex stipata0.140.161.13%5.00Carex vulpinoidea0.080.090.67%50.00Scirpus cyperinus0.050.060.43%1.60Carex scoparia0.040.040.34%15.00Juncus tenuis0.030.030.21%0.50Carex strictaSedges & Zizia aurea0.240.272.03%0.43Asclepias 130.151.12%4.61Verbena %1.30Helenium m0.030.030.28%0.30Vernonia fasciculata0.020.020.18%1.30Eupatorium perfoliatum0.020.020.18%0.75Eutrochium maculatum0.020.020.13%2.90Lobelia siphilitica0.020.020.14%1.50Solidago gigantea0.010.010.06%1.00Euthamia graminifolia0.010.010.07%6.80Mimulus ringens0.010.010.12%0.11Thalictrum Forbs Subtotal1.101.239.19%38.007.007.8558.37%3.12Avena sativaCover Crop 5.48Wet meadow / Sedge meadow reconstruction for wetland mitigation or ecologicalrestoration projectsTallgrass Aspen Parklands, Prairie Parkland, and Eastern Broadleaf ForestProvinces. Mn/DOT Districts 2(west), 3B, 4, Metro, 6, 7 & 8.Back to Table 320
34-361Common NameVirginia wild ryeAmerican slough grassfowl bluegrassriverbank wild ryetall manna grassrice cut grassfowl manna grassbluejointfox sedgedark green bulrushpointed broom sedgewoolgrasstussock sedgepath rushblue vervainmarsh milkweedspotted Joe pye weedgrass-leaved goldenrodgiant sunflowercommon bonesetflat-topped asterspotted touch-me-notblue monkey flowergiant goldenrodOatsPurpose:Planting Area:Riparian NortheastScientific NameRate (lb/ac)Rate (kg/ha)% of Mix(by weight)Seeds/ sq ft2.002.246.33%3.08Elymus 700.782.23%33.50Poa palustris0.500.561.57%0.53Elymus riparius0.250.280.80%6.50Glyceria grandis0.150.170.49%1.93Leersia oryzoides0.090.100.29%3.00Glyceria sses Subtotal5.255.8816.68%82.180.200.220.65%7.50Carex vulpinoidea0.120.130.38%20.00Scirpus atrovirens0.060.070.21%2.00Carex scoparia0.050.060.15%30.00Scirpus cyperinus0.040.040.13%0.80Carex stricta0.030.030.09%10.00Juncus tenuisSedges & erbena hastata0.120.130.38%0.21Asclepias incarnata0.110.120.34%3.70Eutrochium maculatum0.070.080.22%9.00Euthamia graminifolia0.070.080.22%0.25Helianthus giganteus0.050.060.16%3.00Eupatorium perfoliatum0.040.040.13%1.00Doellingeria umbellata0.030.030.11%0.05Impatiens capensis0.020.020.05%13.00Mimulus ringens0.020.020.05%1.50Solidago giganteaForbs na sativaCover Crop %202.67
roadside plantings throughout the state of Minnesota. The manual provides a basic guide to the seed mixtures that Mn/DOT typically specifies and the methods for placement. For detailed seeding and mulch . Basic Seed Mixture Design Information 5 General Seed Mixture Overview 5 Season of Planting 6 Dormant Seeding 6 Snow Seeding 6 Seed Mix .
similar wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields„ When wheat was grown on beds the 58 and 87 kg/ha seeding rates resulted in higher grain yields than were obtained from the 29 kg/ha rate. Low rates of seeding resulted in more wheat seeds per head than did the higher rate of seeding. Seeding rates had no significant effect on seed weight or grain
LL pays land taxes, 50% of weed control, fertilizer, seeding, and crop insurance; T pays other 50% of weed control, seeding, fertilizer and crop insurance C : Calgary . DB : N . W : 1 . 410 . 410 . 60.00 : 1/2:1/2 . F : LL pays land taxes, 50% of weed control, fertilizer, seeding, and crop insurance; T pays other 50% of weed control, seeding .
Page 1. 1.0 Seeding. This Supplemental Specification replaces section 810, arolina Department of Seeding, in the South C Transportation (SCDOT) Standard Specifications for Highway Construction This , 2007 Edition. supplemental specification replaces -M-810, Supplemental Supplemental Technical Specification SC Technical Specification
So, recalibrate seeding equipment when you use new cultivars or seed lots. For higher seed yields, row plantings are better than broadcast seedings. A 12-inch row spacing is best for dryland production. Recommended planting depths are 0.25 to 0.5 inch. Plant at 0.25 inch deep when seeding on fine-textured soils and at 0.5 inch when seeding on .
no-till seeding include sloping or highly ero-sive soils, timeliness in planting, energy sav-ings, stony soils and access to a no-till drill. No-till seeding favors moisture conservation. No-till seeding for pasture reno-vation allows for preservation of some to all of the existing desir-able sod grasses, reduced erosion, greater renovation-year
Section 3.0 discusses the types of real-time and forecast meteorological data that are used for conduct of the seeding programs. Section 4.0 summarizes the seeding operations conducted during this past season. Section 5.0 details statistical evaluations of t
2.0 THEORY OF CLOUD SEEDING FOR PRECIPITATION AUGMENTATION Two theories have evolved concerning the potential to augment precipitation through cloud seeding. One theory postulates that a natural cloud's efficiency in producing precipitation can be increased, while the other theory postulates tha
Introduction Description logics (DLs) are a prominent family of logic-based formalisms for the representation of and reasoning about conceptual knowledge (Baader et al. 2003). In DLs, concepts are used to describe classes of individuals sharing common properties. For example, the following concept de-scribes the class of all parents with only happy children: Personu has-child.Personu has .
