Extreme NetBooting - University Of Utah

Extreme NetBootingby Brandon TurnerSlide 1

NetBootSlide 2

What is NetBoot?NetBootA technology that allows you to boota machine from a “system” that iskept on a disk image on a NetBootserver.Slide 3

Why NetBoot? Classrooms and LabsAllows use of machine, changes discarded on restart Kiosks and LibrariesAllows use of machine, changes discarded on restart Diskless NetBootKiosks, testing centers etc.Does not require read and write to the local hard drive System Troubleshooting and RepairsNo CD’sRepair utilities, diagnosticsRunning diskless allows repair of local hard driveSlide 4

Configure the ServerDHCP Required!Setup your DHCP rangeEnable itSlide 5

Configure the ServerNetBoot General Tab Enable the ethernet portEnable Volume for: ImagesClient DataSlide 6

Configure the ServerNetBoot Continued. Images Tab Enable the image(s)Default: image that boots using the “N” Key or Boot Menu Use Startup Disk to select other images.Diskless: Great for Terminals, Kiosks, and Utility ImagesSlide 7

Configure the ServerNetBoot Continued. Index: Use any number For Load Balancing use 4096-65535 Across servers and or server hard disksNot partitions - Has reverse effect reduces performanceProtocol: HTTP - Serve images without re-configuring firewallNFS - Default method, Apple’s preferred methodSlide 8

Configure the ServerNetBoot Continued. Server Admin - Filters TabAllow or Deny Clients via MAC Address Browse, Import, or Add machinesOr use. NetBoot Filter Manager Created by Mike BombichEasily import multiple machinesSlide 9

A NetBoot Set?A set of five files maintained on the NetBoot server that allow client machinesto boot. booter mach.macosx mach.macosx.mkext Imagename.dmg NBImageInfo.plistThese files are stored in/Library/NetBoot/NetBootSP0/ name.nbi Slide 10

Create A NetBoot SetSetup a “Master” computer Setup machine, like accounts and software updates Install utilities such as DiskWarrior etc. Boot into target disk modeUse System Image Utility Located in Applications/Server folder on your server Can be copied to another machine for use Choose the “New Boot” button “Contents” tab, choose your target disk, language, packagesUpload name.nbi to Server /NetBootSP0 (Is the default Share Point) Configure “Images Tab” on NetBoot section on the serverSlide 11

StartupDiskDownloads the "booter" file1BSDP DISCOVER , DHCP RequestNetBoot Process.2 Startup disk is set, or “N” key is used BSDP Discover & Offer DHCP Discover, Offer, Request, ACK Client has DHCP address Downloads booter file via TFTPSlide 12

3Downloads Kernel & Kernel CacheNetBoot Process. Loads boot file Downloads the Kernel and Kernel Extension Cache mach.macosx mach.macosx.mkextSlide 13

NetBoot Process.4 Kernel mounts NetBoot disk image via NFS Loads the Kernel Extension Cache Client booted from image on serverSlide 14

Using ARD to NetBoot Open Remote Desktop “Manage” menu item Set Startup Disk Choose and Image Select Restart when doneSlide 15

NetInstall Using NetRestoreSlide 16

NetInstall What is it?NetInstallThe difference between NetInstall andNetBoot is that its sole purpose is to providean environment in which you can installsoftware onto the local drive. Like booting from an installation CD!Slide 17

A NetInstall Set?A set of five files maintained on the NetBoot server that allow client machinesto boot. booter mach.macosx mach.macosx.mkext Imagename.dmg NBImageInfo.plistThese files are stored in/Library/NetBoot/NetBootSP0/name.nbiSlide 18

Create A NetInstall SetDownload NetRestore from Mike Bombich’ssiteOpen NetRestore Helper Click “Create NetInstall Set” tab Fill in the fields Choose a Protocol - NFS or HTTPUpload name.nbi to server /NetBootSP0 (Is the default Share Point) Configure “Images Tab” on NetBoot section in Server Admin applicationSlide 19

Create An ImageTools to create and ASR Ready Disk Images: Disk Utility SuperDuper NetRestore Helper** Disk Utility is an excellent solutionSetup the “Master” machine (Updates, Tools, Software) Target Disk Mode the “Master” computer to another computer Create the disk image Scan image for ASR SuperDuper and NRH do this automaticallySlide 20

Upload & ConfigureMount the NetInstall-Restore.dmg from /NetBootSP0/ name.nbi /NetInstallRestore.dmg Upload your ASR Disk Image Option 1: /NetBootSP0/ name.nbi es/Disk Images/ Option 2: Open NetRestore.app and edit the Configurations to use an AFPshare pointOpen re.app Configure the Preferences and Configurations Enable Full Automation etc. Eject Image and Volume when finishedSlide 21

Resources Folder Resources folderStore ASR images in “Disk Images” folderSet “pre” and “post” action scripts (optional)Preferences FolderConfigure “machine specific data.csv”(force settings to machines via MAC address) Slide 22

StartupDiskDownloads the "booter" file1BSDP DISCOVER , DHCP RequestNetBoot Process.2 Startup disk is set, or “N” key is used BSDP Discover & Offer DHCP Discover, Offer, Request, ACK Client has DHCP address Downloads booter file via TFTPSlide 23

3Downloads Kernel & Kernel CacheNetBoot Process. Loads boot file Downloads the Kernel and Kernel Extension Cache mach.macosx mach.macosx.mkextSlide 24

NetBoot Process.4 Kernel mounts NetBoot Disk image via NFS Loads the Kernel Extension Cache Client booted from image on server But there’s more!!!.Slide 25

NetInstall Process. Instead of “Finder” or “Login Window” it boots intoNetRestore5NetInstall-Restore.dmg If set to “Automate” it will run automaticallySlide 26

NetInstall Process. NetRestore requests image based on preferences6you setSlide 27

NetInstall Process.7 NetRestore Runs pre-action scripts Erases and images the hard disk Runs post-action scripts Preferences that can be set: Verify hard disk Set target as boot disk Reboot when finished Others.Slide 28

NetRestore PHP ServicesSlide 29

What is PHP Services?NetRestore PHP ServicesA technology that allows you to imagea machine using a PHP website and aMySQL database that contains specificinformation about a client by it’shardware address.Slide 30

Why Use PHP Services?Everything is stored in a database Changes can be made to the settings from a web pageNo longer have to update the preference file in the application Machines can be imported from a Remote Desktop databaseUse ADAM, a program created by Mike BombichSlide 31

Prepare for the ImageCreate a user on the server Imaging User Short Name “Image” Create a passwordCreate a share point Images This setup information can be found in the“Resources/Documentation” folder in the NetRestore downloadUpload the image(s) to the share pointSlide 32

Enable PHP Module “Web” under Computers and Services listSettings TabModulesEnable php4 module Start web servicesSlide 33

Configure MySQL Download the latest version of MySQLwww.dev.mysql.comThe default Apple install has errorsSupposed to be fixed in 10.4.4 updateInstall Package, Startup Item, and Preference PaneReboot server MySQL AdministratorGUI application to edit MySQL users and settings Cocoa MySQLGUI application to edit MySQL databases Slide 34

Configure MySQL Open MySQL AdministratorServer Host Name: 127.0.0.1Port: 3306 (Check firewall to allow this connection if on remote box)Username: root (This is not the local root)Password: blank (Change later.) Click Options buttonClick “Create” on “Config my.cnf” popup (Important file!) Click “Security” pulldown menuCheck “Use Old Passwords” check box10.4.4 server update no longer needs this option checked Slide 35

Configure MySQL Click Accounts buttonClick “root” arrow to reveal others Click localhostChange passwordInstead of “root” you can create other MySQL users for securityThis username and password is what you would use for your .phpconfig files to connect to the databases Slide 36

Configure MySQL Use your favorite text editoredit /etc/my.cnfConfigure my.cnf to use the “mysql.sock” socketIn server OS’s before 10.4.4 change to.[mysqld]socket /tmp/mysql.sock# Use old password encryption method (needed for 4.0 and older clients)old-passwords[client]socket /tmp/mysql.sockSlide 37

Configure MySQLIn Mac OS X Server 10.4.4, change to.[mysqld]socket /var/mysql/mysql.sock# Use old password encryption method (needed for 4.0 and older clients)old-passwords[client]socket /var/mysql/mysql.sockSlide 38

Configure PHP Services Upload NetRestore PHP Services folder to your web serverRename to something simple like “nr”Edit config.php with your settingsOpen http://yourdomain.com/nr/install.phpFollow on screen instructionsWrite down the nr admin passwordThis user is to edit database settings onlyCreate a new admin user once logged inThis user is used for adding machines and making changes HELP! your renamed “nr” folder /docs/Use this documentation for help configuring NetRestore PHP ServicesSlide 39

Configure PHP ServicesLogin to http://www.yourdomain.com/nr/Login as: nr admin Manage Admin Groups Create admins group Set group password Manage Users Create your “admin” user Select “admins” group to administer Check “Allow user to administer groups” Configure your other settings as well Logout of nr adminSlide 40

Configure PHP ServicesLogin to http://www.yourdomain.com/nr/Login as: your admin user Manage Machine Groups Upload Mac Addresses Comma delimited file! Manage NetRestore Configurations Link images to your share point. Manage NetRestore Preferences Choose a machine group Set the preferences With a few tweaks you should be ready to image Logout of your admin user Slide 41

Configure for ImagingMount the NetInstall-Restore.dmg from /NetBootSP0/ name.nbi /NetInstall-Restore.dmgOpen re.appConfigure Remote Settings Slide 42

Configure for Imaging Fill in the fields.Type in path to your netrestore.phpAdministrative Group:admins (login to web page to set)Group Password:This is also set online as nr admin Save and unmount NetInstall-RestoreimageSlide 43

StartupDiskDownloads the "booter" file1BSDP DISCOVER , DHCP RequestNetBoot Process.2 Startup disk is set, or “N” key is used BSDP Discover & Offer DHCP Discover, Offer, Request, ACK Client has DHCP address Downloads booter file via TFTPSlide 44

3Downloads Kernel & Kernel CacheNetBoot Process. Loads boot file Downloads the Kernel and Kernel Extension Cache mach.macosx mach.macosx.mkextSlide 45

NetBoot Process.4 Kernel mounts NetBoot Disk image via NFS Loads the Kernel Extension Cache Client booted from image on server But there’s more!!!.Slide 46

NetInstall Process. Instead of “Finder” or “Login Window”NetRestore5NetInstall-Restore.dmgSlide 47it boots into

6netrestore.phpNetInstall Process. NetRestore requests netrestore.php Downloads a .plist of settings Settings are based on MAC address Authorized to restore “yes” ,“no” If “no”, error: machine not auth. to restore Erases and images hard disk Sets IP address Sets computer name Sets other settings you specify Reboots if you set the preferenceSlide 48

TroubleshootingQ: Why after enabling a DHCP Subnet the server not handing out addresses?A: Check DHCP subnet settings, Reboot server, Check system.logQ: Clients cannot see the NetBoot Images?A: Check firewall, Disable and try again, If it works troubleshoot the firewallQ: NetBoot Filter Manager gives me an AppleScript error on import?A: Filename has spaces (I submitted this bug to Mike Bombich)Q: How do I use multiple NetBoot/NetInstall images?A: Set Startup Disk, Use ARD, The “N” key only boots default imageSlide 49

TroubleshootingQ: Getting mysql.sock errors?A: Check and update etc/php.ini and etc/my.cnfQ: Fatal error: Call to undefined function: pg connect(). on line 72?A: Check config.php, set ARD to “no” or check ARD databaseQ: Error: Upgrade Client?A: Set root password using MySQL AdministratorSlide 50