Understanding Drugs And Medicines - White Plains Public Schools

UnderstandingDrugs andMedicinesDrugsChapter 9: Sec. 1 & 2Pp. 218-226

Objectives List three qualities that make a drug useful as amedicine. Name the two sources of all drugs. Identify four different types of medicines and theireffects on the body. Identify five different ways that drugs can enter thebody. Describe why some drugs are considered drugs ofabuse. Differentiate between Ifill-Roseauprescription medicines andover-the-counter medicines.Lifetime Health

Do Now Complete the assigned worksheet.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

MotivationDifferentiating What Medicines Can DoDevelop definitions for each term: PREVENTCURERELIEFThink of medications that fit in each category.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

What Are Drugs? What do aspirin, caffeine, cortisone,and cocaine all have in common? A DRUG is any substance that causesa change in a person’s physical orpsychological state.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

Some Drugs Are Medicines A MEDICINE is any drug that is used tocure, prevent, or treat illness ordiscomfort. A good medicine must have the followingqualities:– Effectiveness– Safety– Minor side effects Common side effects include headache, sleepiness, ordiarrhea.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

Some Drugs Are “Drugs ofAbuse” Drug Use– Taking a drug correctly for a legitimate medical reason. Drug Misuse– Taking a legal drug inappropriately. Drug Abuse– Taking a legal drug in such a manner that some aspect ofthe user’s life is damaged (mental, physical, socialrelationships, occupational performance).– Taking any illegal drug for any purpose (for mind-alteringaffects).Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

Where Do Drugs ComeFrom? Natural sources– Plants, animals, and fungi Laboratories– ChemicalsIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Types of Medicines Prescription (Rx)– A written order from a doctor for aspecific medicine. Over-the-counter (OTC)medicines– Medicines that can be bought without aprescriptionIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Classification(Refer to table 1, pg. 220) Analgesics: relieve pain– Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen Antihistamines: helps relieve minor allergysymptoms Antacids: work against stomach acids which cancause heartburn How do vaccines differ from antibiotics? How are analgesics and antihistamines alike? Which medicine or medicines would you use ifyou have a minor rash?Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

How Drugs Enter Your Body Implanted pumps Inhalation Injection (skin, vein, or muscle) Transdermal patches Ingestion Topical applicationName the delivery method of the following drugs:a. Asthma inhalerc. cup of coffeeb. Nicotine patchd. sunburn lotione. tetanus shotIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Closure Identify the best method for a doctorto give a medicine to a patient if themedicine is required to act quickly.Explain your answer. State the reason why some drugsare considered drugs of abuse.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

Activity #1 Write a 30-second PSA explainingwhy even OTC medicines should beused carefully, and the potentiallydeadly effects of their abuse. Using table 1 on page 220, listpopularly known brand names foreach medicine.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

Activity #2 Brainstorm and make a list of different illnessesfor which there is no curative medication (such ascolds, AIDS, diabetes, cold sores, etc.) Choose one of the illnesses from the list Pretend you are a scientists at a pharmaceuticalcompany and that have just designed amedication that can cure the disease. Write a one-minute commercial advertising thenew medicationIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Approving Drugs for MedicalUse In 1906, a government agency calledthe Food and Drug Administration(FDA) was created to control thesafety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. Testing a DrugDevelop the drug—test it (animalshuman volunteers)—clinical trials—FDA approvalIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Prescription Medicines (Rx) Why Do I Need to Follow a Prescription?– The medicine may not work or may be harmful What Information Does a Prescription Have?––––The doseWhen you should take the medicineHow often you should take the medicineThe length of time you should take the medicine Misuse of Prescription Medicines– Psychoactive medicines and drugs affect the brain andchange how we perceive, think, or feel.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

Over-the-Counter (OTC)Medicines Benefits of OTC Medicines– Treat common illnesses, injuries, and disorders Choosing an OTC Medicines– Decide what kind of OTC will work for you.– Read the label– Decide whether you want generic or a brand-namemedicine. A generic medicine is made by a company other than thecompany that developed the original medicine. Active ingredient is the chemical component that gives amedicine its action.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

O-T-C Drugs Misuse of OTC– Long-term use of OTC medicines cancover up pain or discomfort that is yourbody’s way of telling you something iswrong. Herbal Remedies and DietarySupplements– Do not have to be approved by the FDAbefore they are soldIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Possible Problems withMedicines Allergic Reactions– Range from mild itchiness to severe skin rashes Side Effects– Aspirin (stomach ulcers) Drug Interactions– Occurs when a drug reacts with another drug, food, ordietary supplement to increase or decrease the effect ofone of the substances. Using Drugs Wisely– Make yourself a part of your own healthcare team– Be prepared to ask questionsIfill-RoseauLifetime Health

Closure Compare Rx medicines to OTCmedicines.Ifill-RoseauLifetime Health

medicine. Name the two sources of all drugs. Identify four different types of medicines and their effects on the body. Identify five different ways that drugs can enter the body. Describe why some drugs are considered drugs of abuse. Differentiate between prescription medicines and over-the-counter medicines.