Comparisons Of Crime In OECD Countries - Civitas

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CRIMEComparisons of Crime in OECD CountriesThe UN affiliated European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control has recently published the most upto-date international comparison of crime statistics. The figures are based on the UN Survey of CrimeTrends (UN-CTS). In the past the UN only published comparisons for Europe and North America, but thelatest report uses police-recorded crime for 2006 for many additional countries. However, because thereare significant problems of comparability, Civitas has selected only those nations that belong to the OECD.Its members are more likely to have reliable national statistics agencies and to be accustomed tostandardising information. It is frustrating that international comparisons are so far behind, but ironing outinconsistencies to ensure that we really are comparing like with like simply takes a long time.We know from comparisons with other EU members that crime in England and Wales is very high. In 2004the European Union's Crime and Safety Survey looked at 18 countries and found that the UK was a 'crimehotspot', along with Ireland, the Netherlands and Denmark. And in 2007 the Eurostat figures for the 27 EUmembers found that England and Wales had the third worst crime rate.How does our crime rate compare?But how do England and Wales compare with developed countries inside and outside Europe? The UNcomparisons are based on six of the most serious crimes: intentional homicide, rape, robbery, assaultcausing serious bodily harm, burglary and vehicle theft.Ranks out of 36 countries unless stated.EnglandScotlandNorthern IrelandHomicide22nd12th18thRape5th out of 3411th8thRobbery7th23rd13thAssault (resulting in serious injury)3rd1st28thBurglary7th22nd12thVehicle theft14th out of 3518th20thCompared with our peers, the report shows that we are a high-crime society with a particular propensity toviolence short of intentional homicide. CIVITAS Institute for the Study of Civil Society pAuthor: Nick Cowen, 2010Last update: Nigel Williams, 04/2012

CRIMEIntentional HomicideCountryMexicoEstoniaUnited aBelgiumScotlandNew ZealandSlovakiaFranceHungaryPolandNorthern IrelandAustraliaIrelandPortugalEngland and WalesNetherlandsGreeceItalySwedenCzech iaAustriaJapanIcelandPolice Recorded Casesper 100,000 80.70.60.60.50.50.3CIVITAS Crime Briefing2Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMESources: UK Police recorded crimes for 2009/10,United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Homicide analysis/homicide.htmlRapeCIVITAS Crime Briefing3Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMECountryAustraliaSwedenNew ZealandUnited StatesEngland and WalesBelgiumIcelandNorthern itzerlandIrelandItalyDenmarkCzech GreeceTurkeyCanadaJapanPolice Recorded Rape Cases per100,000 .44.64.54.03.93.52.62.32.21.51.41.1Sources: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Statistics on Crime, Sexual alysis/statistics/crime/CTS12 Sexual violence.xlsCIVITAS Crime Briefing4Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMERobberyCountryCases of Robbery per 100,000 tugal192France181England and Wales137United thern 60Ireland56Austria55Estonia54New Zealand52Poland50Scotland48Czech urkey11Japan4CIVITAS Crime Briefing5Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMESource: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Statistics on Crime, lysis/statistics/crime/CTS12 Robbery.xlsAssaultCIVITAS Crime Briefing6Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMECountryScotlandSwedenEngland and d StatesMexicoTurkeyDenmarkSpainKoreaCanadaCzech RepublicHungarySwitzerlandItalySloveniaNorthern IrelandGreeceNorwayAustriaSlovakiaJapanNew ZealandEstoniaPolandPolice Recorded Assault Cases per100,000 48442382The UNODC definition of assault requires that the offence resulted in serious bodily injury.Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Statistics on Crime, lysis/statistics/crime/CTS12 Assault.xlsCIVITAS Crime Briefing7Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMEBurglaryCountryDenmarkNew ZealandAustriaIcelandSwedenAustraliaEngland and WalesChileBelgiumSwitzerlandSloveniaNorthern IrelandUnited StatesIsraelCanadaIrelandLuxembourgCzech reaTurkeyMexicoJapanEstoniaPolice Recorded Cases per100,000 35428219016916115611740CIVITAS Crime Briefing8Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMESource: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Statistics on Crime, alysis/statistics/crime/CTS12 Burglary.xlsVehicle TheftCIVITAS Crime Briefing9Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMECountryNew AustraliaUnited StatesNorwayGreeceFinlandEngland and WalesPortugalBelgiumMexicoScotlandSpainNorthern IrelandIcelandCzech TurkeyPolice Recorded VehicleTheft Cases per 80717069452925Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Statistics on Crime,Motor Vehicle sis/statistics/crime/CTS12 Motor vehicle theft.xlsCIVITAS Crime Briefing10Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMEAre we a punitive society?The report also allows us to test the theory that our system is especially punitive, a claim recently made bythe Justice Secretary, Kenneth Clarke. The report calculates a 'punitivity ratio' by contrasting the number ofpeople convicted in a year with the number of prisoners in jail as a result of a court sentence. (That is, thefigure includes only prisoners sentenced to jail, not those on remand; and it includes prisoners sentenced inearlier years to long terms of imprisonment.)If a nation handed down prison sentences to a high proportion of those found guilty, or gave longsentences to those given custody, then it would have a high 'punitivity ratio'.However, the score for England and Wales, contrary to the claims of Kenneth Clarke, is low. The claim thatour criminal-justice policies are punitive is not, therefore, supported by the best available evidence.CIVITAS Crime Briefing11Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

CRIMECountryUnited StatesMexicoJapanIsraelChileEstoniaCzech liaNew ZealandFranceSwitzerlandTurkeyNetherlandsEngland and WalesIcelandSwedenNorthern IrelandDenmarkFinlandPunitivity 0.0320.0320.015Sources Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Statistics on Crime, Persons Convicted, Persons DetainedFollowing p143. Table 6. Harrendorf S, Heiskanen M, Malby S,International Statistics on Crime and Justice,European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations, Helsinki 2010.CIVITAS Crime Briefing12Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries

In the past the UN only published comparisons for Europe and North America, but the . United States 5.0 Chile 3.7 Turkey 3.3 Korea 2.9 Luxembourg 2.5 Finland 2.3 Israel 2.1 Canada 1.8 Belgium 1.7 Scotland 1.6 . United States 1.471 Mexico 0.934 Japan 0.898 Israel 0.429 Chile 0.356 .

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