Status Of Floating Offshore Wind Technology - Maine
Status of FloatingOffshore Wind TechnologyWalt MusialOffshore Wind Research Platform LeadNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryFebruary 26, 2020
Speaker BioMr. Walt MusialPrincipal EngineerOffshore Wind Research Platform LeadNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden Colorado, USANREL 2
All Floating Wind Substructures Rely on These Basic ArchetypesSpar: Achieves stability through ballast (weight)installed below its main buoyancy tankChallenges: Deep drafts limit port accessSemisubmersible: Achieves static stability bydistributing buoyancy widely at the water planeChallenges: Higher exposure to waves More structure above the waterlineTension-leg platform (TLP): Achieves staticstability through mooring line tension with asubmerged buoyancy tankChallenges: Unstable during assembly High vertical load moorings/anchorsNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORYSparSemisubmersibleTension LegPlatformFigure credit: NREL3
First Phase of Floating Wind Industry has Spawned Novel Substructure ConceptsStiesdalTetraSparAquaVentus UMaineSBM OffshoreSCD nezzyGICON Designs combine elements from the three archetypesPrinciple Power IncWindFloat Addressing the primary challenges with thearchetypes is key to lowering costEquinorHywindNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORYEOLinksaitec offshoreIDEOL The objective is to achieve floating system lifecyclecosts competitive in U.S. electricity markets Next phase: Optimized engineering approach willyield commercial mass-produced utility-scale floatingwind systems4
New England Aqua Ventus I1.2.3.4.5.6.University of Maine VolturnUS Concrete semisubmersible design,has 55 patentsUS DOE Advanced Technology Demonstration Program forOffshore WindRWE & Mitsubishi-Diamond Generating Corporation to invest 100 mSite: Monhegan Island, MainePower Purchase Agreement contract signed 2020Start construction 2022, COD 202310-12MWVolturnUSConcreteSemisub100m waterdepthLocally produced VolturnUSsegmental concrete hull Offshore tested 2013Local fabricationABS approved5.7cents/kWh at scale
Most Offshore Wind Deployment Has Been on Fixedbottom Support StructuresLeading OffshoreWind Countries(Installed Capacity)United 8508 MW7441 MW6007 MW1925 MW1556 MW1136 MW196 MWFixed BottomFigures current as of 31Dec 201927,208 MW InstalledFloating84 MW InstalledThe future floating wind energy market may be bigger than the fixed-bottom marketNREL 6
Floating Offshore Wind Will be Developed Where WatersAre Too Deep for Current Fixed-Bottom Technology 80% of offshore windresources are in watersgreater than 60 meters Floating wind enables sitesfarther from shore, out ofsight, with better winds! Floating wind technology isexpected to be at deployedat utility scale by 2024.Some Areas of the World Being Consideredfor Floating WindPortions of this slide were adapted courtesy of Aker SolutionsNREL 7
2019 Global Floating Offshore Wind Pipeline The total global floatingoffshore wind pipeline was7,663 MW at the end of2019, based on projects thathave announced theirplanned capacity. 1,549 MW of floatingoffshore wind has reachedthe permitting stage The primary driver forpipeline expansion is themovement towardcommercial-scale projectsdeveloping in Asia.NREL 8
Cumulative Installed Offshore Floating WindCapacity by Country to Date At the end of 2019, there was84 MW of installed floatingwind capacity globally, growingby 36 MW from 2018. Of this installed capacity, thereare 16 projects, with 9 projects(62.13 MW) in Europe and 7(22.06 MW) in Asia. Two pilot-scale projectscomprising 3 and 5 turbineshave been installed in Portugal(2020—labeled as 2019) andScotland (2017), respectively.NREL 9
Cumulative Offshore Floating Wind Capacity byCountry Based on Announced COD Through 2025 Projects with announcedCODs in 2025 or beforetotal 3,313 MW.Future A small number ofcommercial projects haveannounced a COD after2025. Aqua Ventus I is the onlyU.S. project in thepermitting stage and isnow expected to reachcommercial operations in2023.NREL 10
Global Floating Substructure Market Share1,816 MW of floating projects have notreported their substructure type 5,847 MW of projects in the pipeline have announced their substructure type (76%) Semisubmersibles account for about 89% of installed and announced capacity Approximately 5% use or plan to use spars (e.g., Equinor’s 30-MW floating wind power plant). The remaining substructures are tension-leg platforms and barges.NREL 11
U.S. Regulatory ActivityPacific Region (Floating)Atlantic Region There are 15 Lease Areasin the United States givingdevelopers exclusive sitecontrol of about 21-GW ofcapacity BOEM has also identified13 Call Areas Call areas are potentialfuture wind energy areasthat are under publicreviewNREL 12
Where in the U.S. is Floating Offshore Wind Being Considered?58% of the U.S. offshore wind resource is in water depths 60m - floating foundations Pacific Region – Highwater depths requirefloating technologyGreat LakesPacificNorthAtlantic North Atlantic – highdemand, scarcity ofshallow sites Great Lakes – visualimpacts may requirefarther distances intodeeper watersFigure credit: NRELNREL 13
Floating Wind may be Necessary to Meet the RenewableEnergy Goals for the U.S. Atlantic RegionChart Data Filters: Greater than 12 nautical miles from shore Greater than 7 m/s Shallower than 1000 m Atlantic offshore wind resourceis 55% of total the total U.S.resource Approximately 28-GW are in theproject pipeline Nationwide State commitments continue togrow in the Atlantic Shallow sites are becomingscarcer 68% of Atlantic resource isgreater than 60 m depth.NREL 14
Balance of Station – Non-Turbine EquipmentFigure credit: NREL Floating substructures Dynamic array cables connectingturbines Mooring and anchor system Installation and assembly Offshore and onshoresubstations Export cable (main electric cableto shore) Decommissioning after 25-30yearsNREL Non-turbine Costs Account for 75% of the Total Capital Cost for a Floating Wind Farm15
Floating Wind Turbines have Dynamic Array Collection CableFigure credit: NREL Dynamic array cables compensate for movement of floating platform Numerous design features help isolate the static cable from platform movements Subsea cables may be buried or secured along ocean floorNREL 16
Typical Catenary Mooring Line/Anchor ConfigurationsSyntheticMooringLineWater DepthRadiusChainMooringLineFigure credit: NRELSynthetic MooringLineDragEmbedmentAnchorsPhoto credit: Walt MusialMooring lines are at least 4 times longer than the water depthDrag Embedment AnchorPenetration 10m (33 ft)NREL 17
Top-View Comparison of Floating Wind Turbines MooringsReduced Foot-print Synthetic Rope Moorings Are Half the Size ofTraditional Chain Moorings to Reduce Impact on FishingMooring Line 1Synthetic RopeMooring LineRadiusTraditional ChainMooring LineRadiusWindTurbineReduction inMooring LineLength by HalfAdvanced Structures and Composites CenterCONFIDENTIAL
Image by Harland and Wolff Heavy IndustriesFloating Offshore WindPort and InfrastructureRequirementsWharfNavigation Channeland Wet StorageUpland YardCraneCrew Access &MaintenanceSerial turbine,substructure assemblyand component portdelivery due to depth,waves off coastStorage and wet-tow outof assembled turbineswith year-round access.Width/depth varies bysubstructure design20 – 100 acre storageand staging of blades,nacelles, towers,possible fabrication offloating substructuresMinimum 40 – 600 tonlift capacity at 500 feetheight to attachcomponentsMoorage for crewaccess vessels. O&Mberth for major repairsof full systemNREL 19
Offshore Substation Utility-scale offshore wind farmscollect the power from eachturbine at a high voltage substationfor transmission to shore Floating substations are beingdeveloped with high voltagedynamic cables that allow thesubstations to move with thewaves.London Array Substation on monopilePhoto Credit: Siemens PressNREL 20
Floating Operations and MaintenanceTurbineServiceVesselBaltic 1Photo: WaltMusialSmall Repairs: Done in the field using servicevessels - Sensors/computers, lubrication,electrical, preventative rMajor Repairs – Blades, Generators, Gearboxes – Forfloating systems this can be done by disconnectingmooring lines and towing system to portNREL 21
New Turbine Prototypes Foretell Continued Turbine Growth General Electric announced the 12-MW Haliade-X turbine prototype now being installed in Rotterdam to be on themarket in 2021. The turbine is first in class, with a 12-MW direct-drive generator, 220-m rotor, and 140-m hub height. Siemens Gamesa announced the SG 14-222 DD turbine—a 14-MW direct-drive turbine with a 222-m rotor planned tobe ready for market in 2024. Vestas announced the V236-15.0 MW – a 15-MW turbine with a 236 m rotor for market in 2024GE 12-MW Wind Turbine Nacelle – Haliade -XAverage Commercial Offshore Turbine Growth WithPrototype Development Leading Further GrowthSource: DOE 2019 Market ReportPhoto Source: Greentech Media: nd-turbine#gs.xpxkf6
Key Takeaways 80% of the global offshore wind resources are suited for floating offshorewind energy Floating offshore wind is expected to be deployed at utility-scale by 2024 Floating wind costs more today due to the immature state of the industry;there are no inherent cost drivers that would make floating more expensive Turbine size is approaching 15-MW and spacing is likely to be near 1 nauticalmile between turbines. Designers are looking at mooring systems to minimize anchor and mooringfootprints on seabed and eliminate entanglement hazards.NREL 23
ThankyouyouforforyourThankyour attention!attention!Walt MusialOffshore Wind Research Platform LeadNational Renewable Energy Laboratorywalter.musial@nrel.govPhoto Credit : Dennis Schroeder-NRELNREL 24
Floating Offshore Wind Will be Developed Where Waters Are Too Deep for Current Fixed-Bottom Technology 80% of offshore wind resources are in waters greater than 60 meters Floating wind enables sites farther from shore, out of sight, with better winds! Floating wind technology is expected to be at deployed at utility scale by 2024.
Offshore wind farms are also not subject to the same planning constraints as onshore farms and, if sited sufficiently far offshore, have a lower visual impact " " Offshore Wind in the UK Wind energy resources are abundant and exploitable1, and supplied 9.4% of the UK's electricity needs in 20142. Offshore wind is
This implies a total share of 45% for wind energy, with 27% coming from onshore wind, 13% from fixed-bottom and 5% from floating wind technologies. For floating wind, this is projected to include an 80% reduction in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from its current value, compared to a 44% reduction in LCOE for fixed-bottom offshore wind.
The socio-economic impact of offshore wind energy in Greece 1. Introduction The offshore wind industry in Europe has been up-and-coming and is expected to grow more in the following decade. Although Greece has yet to exploit its sizeable offshore wind potential, floating offshore wind projects could be developed in Greek waters soon. Alma
Offshore wind farm status GW 10.4 7.7 2.6 2.3 1.7 0.3 25.0 % 42% 31% 10% 9% 7% 1% 100% UK Germany Netherlands Belgium Denmark Rest of Europe Total Turbines 2,292 1,501 537 399 559 112 5,400 Triton Knoll west offshore substation and jackup vessel Neptune 04 Offshore wind operational report 2020 05 Offshore wind operational report 2020 Offshore .
Vertical axis wind turbines appear to be promising for the condition of high as well as low wind speeds. Offshore wind turbines have recently been substantiated efficacious for generating electricity due to high wind power. A detailed numerical analysis is conducted in this work on an offshore floating type Darrieus wind turbine at different .
Offshore wind farms — the verge of energy revolution 6 Electricity from offshore wind farms enjoys public confidence 8 Domestic electricity production in 2018 10 Wind farms — another milestone of the Polish maritime sector 13 Offshore wind — development and construction 14 Offshore wind — electricity production 16
The nascent floating wind energy project pipeline is growing slowly relative to the fixed- bottom pipeline, but floating pilot projects are advancing. The global pipeline for floating offshore wind energy reached 4,888 MW in 2018, with 38 announced projects and 46 MW of operating projects. Offshore Wind Pricing Trends
If AutoCAD is open but you don’t have the same ribbon of tools across the top or the big black space to draw in then go to the next page. UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD; LANDSCAPE DEPARTMENT AUTOCAD 2013/14/15 TUTORIALS - SESSION 1 Page 3 This next procedure is to create a NEW drawing to work on. Click on the red letter A on the top left of your screen Click on the ‘New’ button Your screen .
