The Future Of Offshore Wind In Poland - PSEW
THE FUTUREOF OFFSHOREWINDIN POLANDPWEA ReportMay 2019
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDRAPORTCONTENTSExecutive summary41Introduction52Offshore wind farms — the verge of energy revolution63Electricity from offshore wind farms enjoys public confidence84Domestic electricity production in 2018105Wind farms — another milestone of the Polish maritime sector136Offshore wind — development and construction147Offshore wind — electricity production168Baltic Sea — the hope of the energy sector189Benefits: general effects for the economy2010Benefits: development of Polish entrepreneurship2211Benefits: a stable energy source2512How to wisely aid offshore wind development?2613Summary303Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDEXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe National Power System in Poland, with total installed capacityEuropean countries. The offshore leader is United Kingdom, with moreexceeding 41 GW, is based on coal-fired power plants in more thanthan 8 GW of installed capacity. 30 GW is planned to be achieved by70%. The oldest power units will be decommissioned soon. In2030. Germany, Denmark, Belgium and the Netherlands come next.accordance with the cumulated decommissioning scenario presentedConsidering the binding target adopted by the European Unionby the transmission system operator, it will be necessary to shut downMember States last year — 32% of the share of renewable sources inmore than 20 GW of generation sources by 2035. This is caused bygross final consumption of energy — the interest in the technology willtheir age and wear as well as the planned implementation of conclu-continue to increase. Poland, willing to actively participate in thesions introducing the new BAT emissions standards.protection of the natural environment and intending to satisfy theFor almost fifteen years renewable energy in Poland has been develop-increasing national demand for electricity, is also investing in cleaning rapidly, matching the European Union’s climate policy and globalrenewable technologies.megatrends. At the end of the last year renewable energy sourcesThe construction of offshore wind farms in Poland will bring economic,(RES) reached 8.6 GW of installed capacity in the National Powerenvironmental and social benefits. Building wind turbines offshoreSystem.enables better exploitation of their potential — offshore the windFrom 2005 to 2016 wind energy experienced the highest growth ratesblows for approximately 90% of the year. Furthermore, due to theiramong all RES in Poland, expanding almost 70-fold. The record break-unique design offshore wind turbines feature larger and more efficienting years was 2016, with 1225.38 MW of new capacity.generators compared to onshore machines. The construction ofIn accordance with the data published by the Energy Regulatoryoffshore wind farms will cause electricity in Poland to be more “green”Office, at the end of 2018 wind farm installed capacity in Polandand the Polish energy sector more environmentally-friendly.amounted to almost 5.9 GW, which corresponds to more than 14% ofTurbines located more than 20 kilometres from the shore will notcumulated generation capacity in the National Power System. Electric-disturb the beautiful, seaside landscape of the Polish coast whileity produced by the installations covered 7% of the national demand indriving economic growth of coastal areas and the entire country.2018; in 2017, record-breaking in terms of wind energy output,Expert calculations demonstrate that the construction of 6 GW ofonshore wind covered even more — 8% of the demand.offshore wind farms will create 77 thousand jobs in Poland, bringWind energy already constitutes an important element of the Polishapproximately PLN 60 billion of added GDP value and PLN 15 billionenergy mix. Many highlights indicate that its role in the next decadesof CIT and VAT revenues by 2030.will increase. Full exploitation of the onshore and offshore wind poten-Offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea may play a key role in energytial will enable transformation of the energy system towards low-emis-transformation of Poland towards low-emission economy, contributesion economy and help to ensure energy security of the state.to ensuring energy security of the state and help in fighting airAs a result of the auctions for RES aid held in November 2018, 5.9 GWpollution.of wind turbines already operating in Poland will be joined by almostOffshore wind is the best energy investment Poland may opt for!1 GW of farms to be built this and next year.A subsequent auction is announced for 2019, and the opportunity toImplementation of the ambitious plans to build offshore wind farms inobtain the governmental support will be open to the majority amongthe Baltic Sea requires decision-makers’ support. They have to:ready-to-build projects totalling 3 GW. In a few years onshore windfarms will be joined by offshore installations in the Baltic Sea, nowSecure offshore wind farm locations in the spatial developmentbeing developed. The first Polish offshore wind farms will commenceplan for the Baltic Sea;electricity production around 2025; more than 10 GW of capacityinstalled in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone is planned to beDevelop and extend port and onshore infrastructure to ensurecommissioned by 2040. The ambitious plans attract substantialaccess to electricity from offshore wind farms;interest among national and foreign investors.Offshore wind is one of the most dynamically developing energyCreate an appropriate support scheme for offshore wind farmssectors in Europe. Currently, offshore installations are present in 11with a clearly defined time horizon.Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl4
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND1INTRODUCTIONWhy Poland should pursue offshore wind?For many Polish enterprises joiningthe offshore wind industry is an opportunityfor substantial growthOffshore wind may create new employmentopportunities in the entire country,in particular in coastal regions andwill translate into higher competitivenessof the Polish economyProduction of electricity from offshorewind farms will contribute to ensuringenergy security of the stateDomestic production of fossil fuels is insufficient to satisfy energy demand of Polish citizens; therefore, Poland has to import the fuels from abroad(see the “Polish energy reality — fossil fuels” section on p. 12). The situation could be changed through production of electricity from easily accessible sources, such as offshore wind. Investments in offshore wind farms may be an effective response to the challenges facing the Polish energysector. Additionally, following the limited inflow of EU funds after 2020, the development of the sector may become the driver of economic growthfor the offshore sector and the entire economy. The diagram below briefly presents the advantages Poland may gain by including offshore windfarms in its energy strategy. You are welcome to read the entire report.Potential benefits from offshore wind farm construction:SOCIALECONOMICENVIRONMENTALSupport for the labour marketand local entrepreneurshipIncentives foreconomic growthLimited emissionsof pollutantsLower electricity pricesDecreased demandfor electricity importsCounteracting climate changeGuaranteed stable outputand electricity supplyLack of social conflictsSupport for the nationalcontribution to the bindingEuropean 2030 RES targetTechnological developmentLower electricityproduction costsHigh tax proceedsto local and stategovernments’ budgetsPolish Wind Energy Association psew.pl5Environmentally- andhuman-friendly electricityproduction
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND2RAPORTOFFSHORE WIND FARMS— THE VERGE OF ENERGY REVOLUTIONThe offshore wind farm industry is a rapidly growingelectricity production sectoriiOffshore wind farms use inexhaustible wind resourcesin the most favourable environment — at seaEuropean Union obliged Member Statesto increase renewable energyproduction in the years 2020—2030.Development of the sector maycontribute to:Indirect effects may include:Within 10 years the share of renewable energy sources inthe European Union is to increase from 20 to 32 percentIncreasedinnovativeness ofthe economyGrowth of thelabour marketProtection ofEuropean citizensfrom emissionsof pollutantsCounteractingclimate changeLow wholesale electricityprices, supportingnational industryon global marketsGlobal promotionof owntechnologiesThe change in the electricity generation structure entails many further technological changes — digitisation of the energy sector, investments insmart grids, development of energy storage facilities. At the end of 2018 the total offshore wind capacity in Europe reached 18,499 MW.Currently, there are 105 offshore wind farms comprising 4,543 wind turbines connected to the grid in 11 European countries, including partiallyconnected areas (Table 2.1).6Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDTable 2.1. Offshore wind farms connected to the grid at the end of 2018COUNTRYNUMBER OF CONNECTEDOFFSHORETOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY [MW]WIND FARM CAPACITYCONNECTED IN 2018United 61Belgium71,186309The ffshore wind farms in Europe: North Sea hosts 70% of offshore wind installed capacity (12,938 MW). Irish Sea hosts 16% all capacity (2,928 MW).Baltic Sea, with 12% (2,218 MW), comes third. Atlantic accounts for 2% of installed capacity (413 MW).12%2,218 MWBALTIC SEA70%12,938 MWNORTH SEA16%2,928 MWIRISH SEA2%413 MWATLANTICPolish Wind Energy Association psew.pl7
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND3RAPORTELECTRICITY FROM OFFSHORE WIND FARMSENJOYS PUBLIC CONFIDENCEOffshore wind enjoys the highest public acceptance amongall electricity production technologiesMore than ¾ of Polish citizens thinkthat offshore wind is a good orthe best electricity production methodfrom the social point of viewMore than 80% of Polish citizens thinkthat electricity from offshore wind farmscontributes to counteractingclimate changeAlmost ⅔ of Polish citizens selectoffshore wind as the preferred sourceof supply for their homesOffshore wind enjoys the highest public acceptance amongall electricity production technologies.As demonstrated by a study commissioned by PWEA, Polish citizens look forward to energy sector transformation.DO YOU THINK OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT MAYCONTRIBUTE TO COUNTERACTING CLIMATE CHANGE?2%Definitely yesRather yesNeither yes nor no50%3%14%81%31%OF POLISHCITIZENSTHINK THAT OFFSHOREWIND FARM CONTRIBUTESTO COUNTERACTINGCLIMATE CHANGERather notDefinitely not8
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDSOCIAL PERCENTPION OF PARTICULAR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES11%14%31%23%Nuclearpower plant53%24%18%3%2%37%29%7%2%16%Wind farm5 – Very good electricity production method28%4%8%24%38%15%7%42%12%25%43Offshorewind farmBiomasspower plant21 – Very bad electricity production method22%Coal-firedpower plantIMAGINE YOU CAN SELECT THE TYPE OF POWER PLANT SUPPLYING ELECTRICITY TO YOUR HOME13%16%28%20%24%Nuclearpower plant5%15%16%Wind farm36%38%27%26%7%5%22%27%8%6%Offshorewind farm28%32%32%16%9%Biomasspower plant25%23%Coal-firedpower plantI definitely supportI rather supportI may or may not supportI rather not supportI definitely not supportPOLISH CITIZENS EXPRESSPOSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDSTRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SYSTEMIN POLAND9
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND4RAPORTDOMESTIC ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN 2018Polish energy sector strongly depends on fossil fuels.CONSUMPTIONIn 2018 electricityconsumption in Polandreached the highestlevel in history11.68 TWhWIND FARMSalmost171 TWh22.17 TWhOTHER13.16%IMPORTDomestic productionof fossil fuels is insufficient;therefore, Poland hasto import the fuels fromabroad. As a result,net import of electricityto Poland in 2018reached the highestlevel in history7%165.30 TWh49.84%30%5.7 TWh49.07 TWhLIGNITE82.38 TWhPRODUCTIONDomesticelectricity productionin 2018HARD COAL165.3 TWh10Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDSimilarly to many other countries around the world, Polish energy sector today resembles the steam engine at the beginning of the 20th century.Fossil fuels: gas / coal / oilCombustion engineCONSUMPTIONCONVERSIONENERGYIt is based on a very simple supply chain, with the majority of revenue received by the least innovative branch of the Polish economy — coal mining.TransportPower plantElectricitySmogSmogPRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITYFROM FOSSIL FUELS CONTRIBUTES TOOVERALL CARBON FOOTPRINTOF ALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES IN POLAND,INCLUDING ELECTRIC VEHICLES.IT’S TIME TO CHANGE THAT!Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl11BoilerHeatSmog
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDRAPORTTransformation to a new power system will require development of technologies in areas such as: energy storage, electro-mobility, cogeneration,tri-generation, heat and cold storage, heat pumps, geothermal energy, energy management systems, smart grids, smart homes and new materials,ENERGY SOURCEsuch as for instance perovskites.Solar-thermal collectors /geothermal heat / incineratorsWind / solarBiomasBio-methane / cogenerationSynthetic fuelsCONVERSIONCombustion engineMagazyn paliwGas storageMagazyn ciepłaHeat pumpsCONSUMPTIONMagazyn chłoduPumped-storagepower plantElectricityHeat / coldTransport / electric vehiclesBy using innovative solutions, such electricity production system willin particular coal-fired, will lose its competitiveness. Next to CO2enable the Polish economy to become more sustainable and directlyemission costs, conventional power plants have to incur substantialcontribute to its growth. Whereas, conventional energy sector,costs to mitigate emissions of a broad range of pollutants.12Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND5WIND FARMS — ANOTHER MILESTONEOF THE POLISH MARITIME SECTORBaltic Sea has always been the Polish window on the world. Today, it bringsus new opportunities.Almost a century ago the construction of Port of Gdynia became the growth driver of the country. Today, the outlook for the offshore wind farmindustry may become the growth driver of the Polish economy and the maritime sector.PORTOF GDYNIAFor many years the Baltic Sea has been crucial for the Polish economy. Ports along the Baltic coast are the Polish window to the world.The construction of the Port of Gdynia, completed in the 1920s,was a milestone for the Polish maritime economy. The port broughtnew commercial opportunities for the Second Polish Republic andsoon became one of the key ports in the Baltic Sea and the mainbase of the Polish Navy, protecting the Polish coast.Shipbuilding industry has been an important branch of the Polishmaritime sector from the very beginning. Shipyards in Gdynia,Gdańsk or Szczecin launched hundreds of vessels promotingPoland and our shipbuilding industry in the world. Polish shipyardsalso take part in the production of wind turbine components,preparing Poland for a technological leap into the future.Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl13
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND6RAPORTOFFSHORE WIND— DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTIONAs the efficiency of turbines increases, unit costof wind farm construction is driven down.Wind farms become increasingly less expensive,therefore increasingly competitiveThe production of offshore wind farms may becomethe flywheel of the Polish economyPROJECT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (7 YEARS)SCOPE OFDEVELOPMENT WORKSINVESTMENTSITES FORINDUSTRIAL PLANTSWind studiesGeological surveyEnvironmental studiesPlanningand development worksManufactureofwind turbine elementsand componentsAdministrative mattersNew jobsDevelopmentof Polishenterprises14Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDWind turbines become larger and more efficient. New machinesare to reach as much as 12 MW. Currently, the highestoperational capacity in 9.5 MW (onshore: 7.5 MW)Rotor blades of offshore wind turbines are largerand more efficient. Because of their shape and size,they can be transported only by sea.WindFarmOffshoretransformer stationWIND FARM CONSTRUCTION (1–2 YEARS)Internal grid(array)Export cablesOnshoretransformer stationProduction and delivery of turbines and foundationsDuring construction an investorConstruction is performed outsideimplements measures to protectspecial protection periods for marine mammals,the marine environment,fish and birds. It is crucial to makesuch as damping during foundation pilingthe Baltic Sea friendly for everyonePolish Wind Energy Association psew.pl15
RAPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND7OFFSHORE WIND — ELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONWindFarmOPERATION (20–30 YEARS)Predictable output is the key advantageof offshore wind.CAPACITY FACTOR:50% — for offshore wind farms40% — for onshore wind farmsapprox. 10% — for PV plantsOffshore wind farmscontribute to the so-called“reef effect”Offshore wind farm generates demand fora number of ancillary services requiredduring its construction and operation, such as:accommodation and cateringmaritime and inland transportsupply of fuel for maritime and inland transportsupply of electricityproperty and contract insurancetraining and certification16Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND270 mapprox. 77 mTower of St. Mary’s Churchin Gdańsk237 m80 mPalace of Culture and Science in Warsaw(the tallest building in Poland)ROTORBladesHubBlade pitch control systemNACELLEGeneratorGearboxPower trainTOWERSteel structureElectric equipment60 m0mA typical tower requires 300–400 tonnes of steel, with further 750–1200 tonnesfor its supporting structure. 6 GW of offshore wind farm investmentsin the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone in the Baltic Sea will requireone million tonnes of steel to be completed, creating a great opportunityfor the Polish smelting and shipbuilding industrySource: McKinsey&Company, Developing offshore wind power in Poland. Outlook and assessment of local economic impact, 2016, fig. 10, p. 12Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl17
RAPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND8BALTIC SEA— THE HOPE OF THE ENERGY SECTORExclusive Economic Zone — the Polish offshoreBaltic Sea has many advantages in termsof wind farm construction, such asinsignificant depth and low salinityProjects currently being in theinvestors’ pipeline are located withinthe Exclusive Economic ZoneThe spatial development plan for maritimeareas currently being developedpreliminarily establishes a number of siteswith a total area of approx. 2.5 thousand km2NOPROJECTAREAGRID CONNECTION CONDITIONS1Polenergia — Bałtyk I128 km21,560 MW (grid connection conditions — GCC)2Polenergia/Equinor — Bałtyk II122 km2600 MW (GCA) 240 MW (GCC)3Polenergia/Equinor — Bałtyk III116 km21,200 MW (GCA)4PGE Baltica 2189 km21,498 MW (GCC)5PGE Baltica 3131 km21,045 MW (grid connection agreement — GCA)6PGE Baltica 1108 km27Baltic Trade Invest42 km2350 MW (GCC)8PKN Orlen — Baltic Power131 km21,200 MW (GCC)9EDPR — B-Wind42 km210EDPR — C-Wind49 km211BALTEX Group — Baltex-266 km212BALTEX Group — Baltex-5111 km2TOTAL1,261 km²77,693 MW211Offshore wind farm project sitesProduction of renewable energyBaltic Sea18Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDPoland’s access to the Baltic Sea guarantees a number of rights andEstimating the potential of offshore wind farms in the Polish EEZ oneopens vast opportunities. Poland holds full jurisdiction over the territo-has to take into account the area that could be allocated for windrial sea and partial jurisdiction over the Exclusive Economic Zone. Theturbine construction. The spatial development plan for maritime areasExclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends up to 200 nautical milescurrently being developed preliminarily establishes three sites with aoffshore the territorial sea of a state. The boundaries of the Polish EEZtotal area of approx. 2.5 thousand km2. Considering German and Danishwith Sweden, Russia, Denmark (since recently) and partially withexperience as well as estimates of wind resources in the Baltic Sea, itGermany are established. Within their EEZ the state has exclusivemay be assumed that the potential of the Polish EEZ reaches at leastfishing and extraction rights. Furthermore, they may build artificial10–12 GW, with output potential of 50 TWh per year. This is almoststructures and installations, such as wind farms.one third of today’s annual electricity consumption in Poland! In the“maximum” scenario the figures reach 80 TWh with 20 GW of installedcapacity.126ENEDSWNDLAPO1KEY ADVANTAGE OFOFFSHORE WIND FARMSIn accordance with the law,offshore wind farms will be located withinthe Polish Exclusive Economic Zone,hence out of sight of inhabitantsof coastal areas and tourists restingon the beaches. The lack of social conflictsis a great advantage of the technology.Baltic Sea5481093SWEDENBaltic SeaPOLANDPOLANDPolish Wind Energy Association psew.pl19
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND9RAPORTBENEFITS:GENERAL EFFECTS FOR THE ECONOMYiOffshore wind may contribute as much asPLN 60 billion to GDP by 2030iOffshore wind may become one of the economicgrowth drivers in Poland after 2020,when the current financial perspective will endiOffshore wind farms may contribute PLN 15 billionto the state and local governments’ budgets by 2030Offshore wind energy brings innovation to the Polish economyWhat macro effects will be brought by offshore wind farms? It isNext to Denmark, Germany and Poland, offshore wind farms will also beestimated that the construction of 6 GW in the Baltic Sea will createbuilt by other Baltic Sea states. Polish enterprises may deliver up to77 thousand jobs and bring approximately PLN 60 billion of added GDP50 percent of components required to build offshore wind farms.value and PLN 15 billion of CIT and VAT revenues.1 Apparently, theCurrently, the majority of the enterprises is export-oriented; however,project is of no small importance for the entire Polish economy. Further-the scale of their operations could substantially increase had themore, the entire supply chain may also work for export. The construc-domestic market opened to them. Moreover, offshore wind energytion of a strong industry supporting the offshore wind energy sector willdevelopment in Poland will require education of experts in many areas,consolidate the position of Poland, also on the regional scale.not only technical. This opens new cooperation opportunities for thebusiness and scientific sectors in terms of R&D and educationalprojects.PLN 15 BILLIONPLN 60 BILLIONof tax revenue — enough to build7 National Stadiums1allows for the construction of1,540 km of expresswaysSource: McKinsey & Company: Developing offshore wind power in Poland. Outlook and assessment of local economic impact, 201620Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDThe development of offshore wind energy in Poland may bring PLN 15 billionof budget revenues from taxes and feesIMPPACT ON BUDGET REVENUES BUDŻETOWE, PLN BILLION6.56.41.00.70%14.70.6Percent of budget revenues(for a 10-year period, based on 2015 data)1100%VATCITPITRoyaltiesTotalSource: McKinsey&Company, Developing offshore wind power in Poland. Outlook and assessment of local economic impact, 2016, fig. 18, p. 24The market has a great outlook. Power utilities tend to perceiveIt could be said that in favourable environment offshore wind willoffshore wind farms as the source of clean, pollution-free electricitybecome the key development path of the energy sector in Poland. Formore and more often. In Poland the pioneers of offshore wind farmtraditional power utilities offshore wind will become the way to reduceprojects include Polenergia and PGE. The companies hold the mostcarbon footprint of their production portfolio, eventually translatingadvanced Baltic Sea projects. However, a serious approach to offshoreinto lower customer prices. Furthermore, it will improve their financialwind is also demonstrated by other companies, such as PKN Orlenstanding, for offshore wind is a stable source of revenue, in particular ifor Tauron.appropriate contracts are signed. For other investors this will be justa profitable business, for the developing country will need more andmore electricity.1compared to 260 billion of 2015 tax revenue. Source: Central Statistical Office; McKinseyPolish Wind Energy Association psew.pl21
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLAND10RAPORTBENEFITS:DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH ENTREPRENEURSHIPOffshore wind farms create development opportunitiesfor Polish steel and shipbuilding industryiManufacture of wind farms and foundationsare two key elements of the supply chainiOffshore wind energy may contribute to the creationof 77 thousand jobs by 2030iOffshore wind farms will create new employmentopportunities in the entire country, in particular on the coastiFor many Polish enterprises joining the offshorewind industry is an opportunity for substantial growthOffshore wind energy supply and value chain is very longand comprises numerous institutions and companies.More than 100 Polish entities that could successfullyjoin the development, construction and operation ofwind farms in the Polish Baltic Sea have already beenidentified.The sector’s development will also benefit ports, where new piers andbasins will be necessary. This also pertains to smaller harbours, such asUstka, Darłowo, Kołobrzeg, Władysławowo and Łeba. In accordance.with preliminary assumptions, construction and maintenance vesselsare to operate from such smaller ports. Although offshore wind farmconstruction will require investment in the modernisation of the ports,demand for their services will be secured for decades, because typicalThe project supply chain primarily includes the manufacture of turbineoffshore wind farm lifetime is at least 25 years.components, such as blades, pitch control system, generators, gearboxes, power trains etc. Furthermore required are steel tower structures,There are many cable and electric equipment manufacturers in Polandsupporting structures, electric equipment. The construction of 6 GW ofthat may deliver supplies and equipment required to build offshore windwind turbines requires one million tonnes of steel. In Poland there arefarm connection grids.many companies capable of developing appropriate designs, performingoffshore tests and delivering and installing many parts and components.Offshore wind — Supply chain in Poland77 THOUSANDOffshore wind farm investments also require other elements, such asnew jobs in the offshoresector in Poland in 2030— equal to the populationof Konin or Siedlceinvestment sites for industrial plants, maritime and inland transport,accommodation and service providers, training etc. Furthermore,offshore wind farms entail an entire dedicated fleet: heavy-lift jack-up(HLJV), cable-laying (CLV) and offshore support vessels (OSV). Polish78design offices already gained experience in their design, whereas Polishactive enterprises in the Polishoffshore wind farm supply chainshipyards — in their construction. Therefore, offshore wind energydevelopment will be a strong development impulse for the shipbuildingPLN 60 BILLIONindustry.GDP growth by 2030 due tooffshore wind farms22Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl
REPORTTHE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDWind energy development could become the largest steel-intensive projectof the last 25 yearsTHE LARGEST INFRASTRUCTURAL PROJECTS IN POLAND BY STEEL CONSUMPTION (THOUSAND TONNES)Construction of 6 GW of offshore wind in Poland2020–2030Rędziński Brigde(Wrocław MotorwayBypass) 20091100–1200184Bełchatów PowerPlant — boilerconstruction200442S5 Rawicz-Wrocław road (15 km)201425A2 motorway, Section B (17 km)20091912Pyrometallurgy retrofitting programme (KGHM)2010–2014Łagisza Power Plant — new 460 MW unit20021412Północny Bridge (Warsaw)2006LNG Terminal Świnoujście20101411The National Stadium in Warsaw200711S5 road from Poznań to Gniezno201110Source: McKinsey&Company, Developing offshore wind power in Poland. Outlook and assessment of local economic impact, 2016, fig. 20, p. 26Polish Wind Energy Association psew.pl23OpolePowerPlant— Unit 52014
THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE WIND IN POLANDRAPORTMore than 140 entities participating in the offshore wind energy supply chainin Poland were identifiedEntities participating in the offshore wind energy supply chain in PolandABB Sp. z o.o.JW Steel Construction Sp. z o.o.Przedsiębiorstwo Robót Czerpalnych i Podwodnych Sp. z o.o.Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu S.A.K2 ManagementPrzemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Budowlanych Sp. z o.o.BIC Polska sp. z o.o.Katowicka Specjalna Strefa EkonomicznaPUP Gotech Sp. z o.o.Bladt Industries Polska Sp. z o.o.KCI Park Technologiczny Krowodrza S.A.PZU Powszechny Zakład Ubezpieczeń S.A.Bydgoskie Zakłady Przemysłu Gumowego STOMIL S.A.Kersten Europe Sp. z o.o.Regionalny Fundusz Gospodarczy S.A.C.Hartwig Gdynia S.A.KK Wind Solutions Polska Sp. z o.o.Remontowa Shipbuilding S.A.C.T.C. ShipbuildingKostrzyńsko-Słubicka Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna S.A.Renewable Energy Sp. z o.o.Centralny Ośrodek Badawczo Rozwojowy COBRABiD Sp. z o.o.Krakowski Park Technologiczny Sp. z o.o.Rig Engineering SasCentrum Produkcyjne Pneumatyki PREMA S.A.Laboratorium Inteligentnego Miasta i Innowacyjnej Gospodarki S.A.Senvion Polska Sp.z.o.o.Centrum Techniki Okrętowej (CTO) S.A.Legnicka Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna S.A.SHIP – SERVICE S.A.Crist S.A.LM Wind Power Blades Poland Sp. z o.o.Sieci hotelarskie i hoteleDALMOR S.A.Lokale gastronomiczne w miastach portowychSiemens AGDANO Sp. z o.o.Lotos Grupa S.A.Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A.DES ART Sp. z o.o.Łambinowicka Fabryka Maszyn CELPA S.A.SPIE Elbud Gdańsk S.A.Doraco Sp. z o.o.Marine Projects Ltd Sp. z o. o.ST3 Offshore Sp. z o. o.EDP Renewables (EDPR)MARS Shipyards & OffshoreStocznia Gdańsk S.A. w upadłościELBUD Warszawa Sp. z o.o.Mega S.A
Offshore wind farms — the verge of energy revolution 6 Electricity from offshore wind farms enjoys public confidence 8 Domestic electricity production in 2018 10 Wind farms — another milestone of the Polish maritime sector 13 Offshore wind — development and construction 14 Offshore wind — electricity production 16
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Offshore wind farms are also not subject to the same planning constraints as onshore farms and, if sited sufficiently far offshore, have a lower visual impact " " Offshore Wind in the UK Wind energy resources are abundant and exploitable1, and supplied 9.4% of the UK's electricity needs in 20142. Offshore wind is
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