Globalization And "Minority" Cultures - OAPEN

xList of Contributors Tove H. Malloyis the director of the Danish-German research centre, the European Centre forMinority Issues, based in Flensburg, Germany. She also teaches at the Universityof Southern Denmark and Flensburg University. She has previously taught atthe eu’s Master Programme in Human Rights and Democratisation in Venice,Italy as well as other Master programmes in Europe. She is a political theoristby background specializing in the political and legal aspects of national andethnic minority rights in international law and international relations, especially in the European context. Her areas of expertise cover the major international organizations, the European Union as well as individual countries. Inaddition to her academic career, Prof. Malloy has served in the Danish ForeignService in numerous positions and represented the Danish Government ininternational fora on post-conflict resolution for Rwanda and Bosnia, transition and development for Albania as well as on indigenous affairs issues. She iscurrently a member of the Advisory Committee on the European FrameworkConvention for the Protection of National Minorities elected by the Committeeof Ministers in respect of Denmark. She is the author of the book, NationalMinority Rights in Europe (oup, 2005) as well as numerous articles and chapters about minority issues.Adrien Roddis an assistant professor in British history and contemporary issues at theUniversity of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines and a member of the chcscresearch group. A former student of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Cachan,he has the “agrégation” (French highest teaching diploma) in English and in2010 completed his doctorate on the topic “Britishness and national identitybuilding in the Commonwealth countries of the Pacific.” His research focusesmainly on identity issues in former British colonies. He has participated inconferences and published a number of articles on the topic, most recently onthe issues surrounding indigenous languages in Australia and New Zealand,and on the repercussions in the Pacific of the United Kingdom’s joining theeec. He lectures on contemporary British society, the British Empire and theCommonwealth, and on historical and contemporary issues in Australia, NewZealand and other Pacific nations.Molly Chatalicis an assistant professor at the University of Western Brittany (ubo, France)and a member of the hcti (Héritages et Constructions dans le Texte et l’Image)research group. She teaches in the Department of Applied Foreign Languagesand in the English Department. Her field of research is related to aspects of

Listof Contributors xiAmerican Cultural Studies (feminism, minority groups, counterculture) andTibet (language, culture, literature). Her book Le Bouddhisme américain waspublished in 2011 (Bordeaux University Press).Shirin Gul Sadozailives in Islamabad and is a consultant for the World Bank on the followingissues: social protection as a tool for improved public administration and governance, social protection’s role in growth. She is also in charge of designing aqualitative social assessment of cash transfer under the wb current programme. She is also visiting faculty in the Department of Social Sciences atBahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan where she teaches the followingcourses: “Introduction to Anthropology” and “Qualitiatve Research Methods.”She also teaches a graduate course, “Women in development,” at the FatimaJinnah Women’s University and is an external supervisor for their master’s program in gender studies.Hina Anwar Alireceived her bbit from Curtin University, Australia. She received her M.A. inPolitical Science from Punjab University, Lahore. She now lives in Pakistanand is active in youth affairs: she has served as a coordinator for the YouthAlliance for Human Rights. She has also worked as a facilitator with the unfpa,Pakistan. Involved in various social causes, Hina serves as Secretary Generalof Society for Welfare Activities, Vice President of Mashal-e-Rah and Presidentof The Awareness Network. Previously, she has worked and been associatedwith various national and international ngos which focus on education,human rights advocacy, women empowerment, gender and youth issues.Additionally, she has been the founding lead coordinator of the Indo-PakYouth Forum For Peace (ipyfp) which aims at fostering peace initiatives,consolidating democracy and good governance, building the capacity ofyoung people within these two countries to understand the nature ofconflict, identifying their role and taking positive actions for bridging thegaps by focusing on attitude and behaviour change for peace and conflictmanagement.Natividad Ferri Carreresreceived her law degree from the University of Valencia in 1994 and went on toget a master’s degree in fundamental rights and an undergraduate degree inEnglish, both at the University of Caen, France. She teaches at the Ecole deManagement in Caen and is currently working on her Ph.D. The title of herdissertation is Moriscos, indios o españoles? Identidades en el Viejo y el Nuevo

xiiList of Contributors Mundo. It is a comparative study between two “minor” communities, Moriscosand Indians, which analyzes the relationship between these two communitiesand the Crown of Castilla in the 15th and 16th centuries.Coralie Fiori-Khayathas a Ph.D. in private law from the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-enYvelines, France, and a Ph.D. in English Studies from La Sorbonne, Paris,France. She is an associate member (foreign law practioner) of the AmericanBar Association (business law section). She has worked as a translator (French/English/Russian) for tribunals and as a contractual teacher in English and lawat the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines and at Paris-DauphineUniversity. In 2009, she founded “Traduction JEF6CFK,” an independent translation office specialized in law, the economy and finances. She is also a member of the European Society of Criminology.Makere Stewart-HarawiraOf Maori (Waitaha) and Scots ancestry, she was raised in Aotearoa, NewZealand and has lived in Alberta, Canada for the past 9 years. Prior to herappointment in the Department of Educational Policy Studies at the Universityof Alberta in 2004, she taught for 10 years at Te Whare Wanaga o Awanuiarangi,an Indigenous (Maori) post-secondary institution in Aotearoa New Zealandand the University of Auckland. She is the author of The New Imperial Order.Indigenous Responses to Globalization (2005), and a number of edited chaptersand journal articles on indigenous issues. Her research interests includeIndigenous knowledges and Indigenous global movements, environmentalstewardship, Indigenous self-determination and global governance, global citizenship, peace and conflict studies, among many others. She is currently developing a research program which examines the intersection between Indigenouscommunities’ traditional knowledge and the ‘triple crisis of sustainability’ –economic, environmental and food security with a view to improving the communication with and contribution by Indigenous communities in the realm ofadaptive policy development.Ryan Duplassieis a Ph.D. candidate in Native Studies at the University of Manitoba inWinnipeg, Canada. In his research he examines the significance of water to theAnishinaabe, or Ojibway, people and the implications this has for the meaningof treaty, and Treaty #3 specifically. More particularly, he is interested in thewater keepers – Anishinaabe women like his grandmother – and their relationships with water. Ryan is striving to make his work, his research, and his life

Listof Contributors xiiipractice to be one process. He is actively involved in reinvigorating traditionalAnishinaabe skills and lifeways on the lands and waters of Treaty #3. He alsohas roots in England, Scotland, Germany, and of course the Plessis region ofFrance. With a foot in both the indigenous and settlers’ worlds, he walks for allhis relations.Karla Janiré Avilés Gonzálezis a social psychologist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico(unam, Mexico). She received her Master and Ph.D. in Social Anthropologyfrom the Center for Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology (ciesas, Mexico). Her main research interests are intercultural conflicts, languagepolicies and the management of multilingualism. She has taught courses andseminars in various institutions, including the University of Newcastle(England), the Sorbonne (Paris 3, France) and the National AutonomousUniversity of Mexico. She is the main editor of the collective book Betweenstigma and resistance, ethnic dynamics in times of globalization (2011). She isworking as a contractual researcher for the Research Group “EmpiricalFoundations on Linguistics” (Paris 7, umr 7597).Ángela Ixkic Bastian Duarteis a professor at the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos (uaem,Mexico) where se teaches social sciences. She received her M.A. and Ph.D.from the Centre for Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology (ciesas, Mexico). Her research interests are gender, ethnicity, social movementsand environmental conflicts. Her most recent publication is Desde el sur organizado. Mujeres nahuas de Veracruz construyendo política, published by theMetropolitan Autonomous University in 2011. She was one of the editors of thebook Cultura e identidades rurales published in 2012 (uam-X, “Rural Worlds”series).Thomas Pierreis a researcher/anthropologist at the “Laboratoire d’Anthropologie desInstitutions et Organisations Sociales” (laios) – “Institut Interdisciplinaired’Anthropologie du Contemporain” (iiac) – CNRS/UMR8177 – Ecoles desHautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (ehess), Paris, France. He also teachescourses in sociology, sociolinguistics and anthropology in the BasqueStudies program of the University of Pau, France. He is the author of thebook Controverses institutionnelles en Pays Basque de France: usages politiques et déconstructions des préjugés socioculturels (Paris, L’Harmattan,2010).

xivList of Contributors Pauline Oosterhoffis a research fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, with over20 years of international experience in public health research and advisoryservices and media production. She has master’s degrees in political scienceand international public health and a PhD in medical anthropology. She hasdeveloped and managed programs focusing on access to health, notably sexualand reproductive health and hiv, gender, and human rights, for undp, MédecinsSans Frontières, the Medical Committee Netherlands Vietnam, AmnestyInternational, Human Rights Watch and other local and international ngosand media organizations. She started working with urban and rural indigenousand minority groups on health and human rights in Asia and Africa in 1996. Shedeveloped and wrote dozens of international peer reviewed articles, assessments, manuals and training curriculums. In addition to her research and advisory work, she produces documentary films, installations and performancescombining participatory action research and professional art production.Arno Peetersis an autodidact composer: in 1983, well before the dj became the new superstar, he was already experimenting with tape and simple hifi-equipment, trying to emulate the effects and sounds of electronic (pop) music like Kraftwerk,Laurie Anderson, Art of Noise and Coil.In 1989 he was one of the technopioneers in the Netherlands. However, disappointed by the conventions of this style of music, he applied himself to moreexperimental music. In 1996, his focus shifted away from releasing towardsworking more projectbased. Nowadays he is a radio producer and editor withDutch National Radio (Radio 6 and Radio 1 resp.). With his own one-man company and studio Tape tv Productions, located in Utrecht, he assembles, editsand mixes for radio, film and games on a regular basis and specializes in surround sound and audio within interactive applications. He now works intensively with installation artist Iris Honderdos. Together they worked oncommunity based installations and performances, most recently in Kiev(Ukraine 2004/2005), Hanoi and HaLong (Vietnam 2006–2009), Finland (2008)and Armenia (2011).Iris Honderdosis an artist who has her roots in several different backgrounds. After havingworked in psychiatry, she started a study with the avek in Leeuwarden tobecome a drama teacher and then moved to the Academy of Fine Arts inUtrecht in 1986. Apart from three-dimensional work, she became fascinatedby photography. As a freelancer she worked for several magazines but

Listof Contributors xvsearched for the “third dimension”: she wanted to escape the world of justpoints on paper, by combining it with other materials. She ended up creatinglarge spatial installations. In 1992 she was invited to take part in an international symposium in the former Czechoslovakia, just after the fall of communism. It was there she discovered the core of what would become so specificin the projects she carries out all over the world: meeting people in new,unknown or difficult situations and translating those experiences into a workof art on the spot.Bianca Rutherford Iglesiasreceived her bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Málaga,Spain. She then received a European master’s degree in multimedia projectsmanagement from the Institut National de l’Audiovisuel (France) and a master’s degree in journalism in 2010 after defending her thesis on the productioncompany Igloolik Isuma Production, a model of communication for development. She now works as head of International Relations at the Political ScienceInstitute of Saint Germain, France. Previously, she was in charge of the development of research and communication for the Faculty of Law and PoliticalScience at the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France.Particularly sensitive to the defense of indigenous cultures and in accordancewith the unesco philosophy, Bianca worked as General Coordinator of theunesco Chair in Communication at the University of Málaga. She currentlyworks with the French association Conversations du Monde – an associationthat works for the preservation of oral traditions around the world.Concepción Travesedois the Director of the Associated Center of the Universidad Nacional deEducación a Distancia in Málaga and an Associate Professor of Communicationat the Universidad de Málaga. She received her B.Sc. in Information Sciencesfrom the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 1994 and completed a predoctoral program at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, in 1998. She workedat the Universidad Europea de Madrid from 1996 to 1998 and obtained herPh.D. in Journalism from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 2000. In2003 she got a position as Associate Professor at the Universidad de Málaga,where she remains up to this day. C. Travesedo conducted a postdoctoralresearch program at Leuven University in 2008, and in 2013 was appointedDirector of the Associated Center of uned in Málaga. Her teaching andresearch topics are International Information, Communication forDevelopment and Peace, Global Media System and Methodologies andTechniques in Communication Research.

xviList of Contributors Alain Vuilleminis a Professor emeritus at the University of Artois. He belongs to the laboratory“Letters, Ideas, Knowledge” at Paris-Est University. He is a member of theAssociation of the French-language writers, of the research cluster “Letters,Ideas, Knowledge” at Paris-Est University and the author and co-author ofmany publications, among which: L’Oublié et l’Interdit. Littérature, résistance,dissidence et résilience en Europe Centrale et Orientale – 1947–1989 (2008),Identité et révolte dans l’art, la littérature, le droit et l’histoire en Europe Centraleet Orientale entre 1947 et 1989 (2008).Sze Wei Angprior to joining the Department of Comparative Literature at the University ofHong Kong, was a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department ofComparative Literature at ucla where she taught classes that took up thequestions of race, religion, ethics, and the nation-state within the areas ofAsian American and South East Asian Studies. She has begun working on abook manuscript that traces how ethical claims about race converge or divergewithin comparative multicultural contexts. Professor Ang is on the editorialboard of the international journal Culture and Dialogue.Roxana Bauduinreceived her Ph.D. in comparative literature from Paris III, Sorbonne Nouvelle,France. She is a poet and journalist and she has been teaching courses in international relations, political science and crosscultural communication forsix years at the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France.She published, in 2012, a study entitled Une lecture du roman africain depuis1968. Du pouvoir dictatorial au mal moral (L’Harmattan publishing house, 2013).Her research focuses on issues of interculturality as they are represented inAfrican francophone historical literatures.

Globalization and “Minority” CulturesIntroductory CommentsSophie CroisyTheoretical PerspectivesContemporary work on the relationship between minority cultures1 and globalization2—a relationship presented as a dialectical/dialogical one by MakereStewart-Harawira in her book The New Imperial Order: Indigenous Responses toGlobalization3—offers today new and hybrid perspectives on the challenges ofglobalization. Texts that deal with that relationship are characterized by themultifarious connections they formulate between a multiplicity of knowledgecommunities that defend culturally grounded social and political philosophiesand a multiplicity of knowledge areas (literature, history, philosophy, sociology, political theory, international relations, etc.), which allows for the diversification of viewpoints on the topic of human development in today’s globalcontext of economic, political and cultural systematization.This variety of perspectives that highlight the local and global issues ofminority cultures in the face of global phenomena allows for a diversificationof the topics addressed by “mainstream” global studies literature and encourages the development of new strands of reflection which have not been givenenough space so far in the literature that evaluates and critiques globalizationprocesses. The inclusion of so-called “minor” perspectives4 from across the1 Within the context of this publication, the term “minority” refers to cultural communities(mainly diasporic communities and ethnic groups) that have suffered, and still suffer today,from multiple forms of discrimination and which have experienced therefore a lack of social,economic, political opportunities and a lack of recognition/representation within theirlocated geopolitical spaces.2 Globalization: set of practices imposed from the top-down that subordinate people (groups,communities, nations) to profit-driven values, or more broadly, to reductive capitalisticnotions of development. Thomas D. Hall and James V. Fenelon see the contemporary worldsystem as a “globalizing version of late industrial capitalism, intensely pursuing the neoliberal project of a system run entirely by market principles, tempered only by parallel efforts tokeep current elites in powerful positions,” Indigenous Peoples and Globalization: Resistanceand Revitalization (Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2009), 123.3 Makere Stewart-Harawira, The New Imperial Order: Indigenous Responses to Globalization(Wellington: Huia Publishers, 2005), 16–19.4 Although the majority-minority divide which implies contrasting cultural frameworks isslowly collapsing as social movements and literatures across the globe are becoming increasingly culturally multifaceted. sophie croisy, 2015 doi 10.1163/9789004282087 002This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc Licenseat the time of publication.

2Croisyglobe in the reflection on globalization expands the analysis on, and illuminates certain aspects of specific contemporary global phenomena which areoftentimes deleterious to human evolution as the concrete expressions ofhegemonic, homogenizing forces created by profit-driven value systems.5 In“Globalization, Minorities and Civil Society,” Koichi Hasegawa describes thedifferent facets of globalization: in a society that does not limit itself to thenation-state but has taken on a global/international perspective, capital, information and labor move across borders thanks to the development of means ofcommunication—a movement that fosters political, soci

A Hundred Years of Postcolonial Responses to Globalization 23 Jacques Pothier Mondialisation, minoritarité et conscience altéritaire 31 Emir Delic Reflexive Minority Action Minority Narratives and New European Discourses 55 Tove H. Malloy PART 2 Minority Cultures and "Glocal" Political Resistance: Thinking New Models of Identity and .