Advanced Materials And Security Features For Identity Documents
Advanced Materials and SecurityFeatures for Identity DocumentsICMA, Orlando, Florida.Neville Pattinson, SVP Government Federal ID Sales.March 29, 2017
Advanced Materials & Security Features in Identity DocumentsAgendaGeneral Identity Document RequirementsTypes of Materials for Identity Card DocumentsPolycarbonate Card Security FeaturesPolycarbonate Data Pages in PassportsBringing Color photo to Polycarbonate documentsSummary2ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Threats to document securityCounterfeiting a complete documentPhoto substitutionManipulation/alteration of bio-dataTheft of genuine document blanksImpostors (assumed identity; altered appearance)3ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Security levelsLevel 1 (overt)Verification without aidsBasic security with central andcomplementary Level 1 SecurityFeaturesLevel 2 (covert)Simple equipment such as UV lamp ora magnifying glassLevel 3 (forensic)Specific laboratory equipment or knowledgeLevel 4 (forensic)Verification only by the documentmanufacturer4ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsAdditional security witha set of Level 2Security FeaturesEnhanced securitywith a few Level 3featuresProof with oneLevel 4SF
Document security is subject to four key aspectsDocument materialmaintain document integrityMaterialSecurity featuressafeguard optical information and protect fromdocument onicsPersonalization technologysecure and durable integration of card holder dataIntegrated electronicsbiometric data on microprocessor5ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsPersonalization
Range of Card Bodies in Identity Documents6Premium PCColor in PCPETPVCPolycarbonate cardPolycarbonate cardPET-F/PVC cardPVC cardHighest security10 year durabilityGreyscale laserengraving withhighest contrastHighest security10 year durabilityHigh resolutioncolor laser photoinside cardHigh security5-10 year durabilityColor photo on cardsurfaceBasic security3 year durabilityColor photo on cardsurfaceICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Global Approach to Security ThreatsIdentity protection in today’s world cannot beaccomplished with software alone.It requires a holistic approach that adopts bothdigital and analog solutions for the physicalworld.Technological advances, like polycarbonatefor secure documents cards, are helpingprevent identity attacks and are betterpreparing law enforcement to catchfraudsters.Polycarbonate card bodies for ID documentsand passports are providing a layered securityapproach to physical documents making themmore complex to counterfeit.7ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
What is Polycarbonate?Thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups intheir chemical structuresExcellent molding and thermoforming propertiesSome grades are optically transparentUsed in many applicationsMotorbike HelmetsBullet-resistant glassEye protection equipmentMobile phones and computersJetfighter canopy8ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Security & DurabilityPolycarbonate documents are made up of layers ofplastic that overlap and intertwineIt is impossible to separate the layers of polycarbonate,which are fused together using temperature andpressure.This layering process is one of the reasons thatpolycarbonate is so secureThe intertwined layers of plastic make it nearlyimpossible to swap out document information or photoswithout completely destroying the document andrendering it useless.This makes the document body much more securethan other available materials.9ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Polycarbonate - A Stronger Document Material100% polycarbonate layersFused under heat and pressureNo adhesives usedHighest resistance against mechanical, chemical, andthermal stressHighest robustness against delamination or splittingHighest resistance against chemical or mechanical attacksHighest resistance against other counterfeit attacks(e.g. substitution of data page, microcontroller replacement,etc.)Long life-span of document body, 10 years under normal use10 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Polycarbonate has won the trust of governmentsIntroduced over twenty five years ago,polycarbonate is an increasingly popular choice inmany countries across the world1989 first identity document (Finland Driving License)1997 first passport (Finland Passport)Over 40 countries have chosen it for their nationalidentity or residence permit programsMandatory for driving license in the European UnionOver 40 countries have chosen it for their passportdatapagePC is unique in supporting highly fraud-resistantsecurity features11 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Migration to PolycarbonateMigration to Polycarbonatedecided forAustralia (2019)Germany (2017)Japan (2023)UK (2019)USA (2017)Strong signals pointing tomigration to PolycarbonateBangladeshPakistanSouth KoreaTaiwan12 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsKeesing Journal of Documents & IdentityAnalysis of Trends in the last 2 decades (August 2016)
Polycarbonate has a large selection of security featuresDOVID – Diffractive Optically Variable Image DeviceCLI/MLI – Changeable/Multiple Laser ImageDynaprintOVI – Optically Variable InkLFI – Latent Filter Image (not shown)UV and IR PrintingTrue VisionSecurity background (guilloche/rainbow)Secure Surface elementsTactile laser engravingWindow / Window LockMicro letteringSerial numberEdge SealerMRZ – Machine Readable Zone13 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
DOVID – Diffractive Optically Variable Image DeviceDifferent technologies and designs available (transparent and metallic)Protection of personalized data against manipulation or substitutionProtection of document body against copying or duplicationTransparent DOVID‘s(e.g. Kinegram )14 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsZero-order DOVID‘s(e.g. DID )Metallic DOVID‘s(e.g. Kinegram )
CLI/MLI – Changeable/Multiple Laser ImageLenticular lens structureLaser engraving of different holder data (e.g. date of birth, ghost image)Image flipping effect when tilting the cardStrong protection of personalized dataEnhanced security in combination with Sealys Secure SurfaceEasy to verify15 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Dynaprint – Optically variable printed imageHigh resolution fine line printing of different imagesCombination with CLI/MLI lensImage flipping effect under different viewing anglesStrong protection against documentreproduction or duplicationEasy to verify16 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Latent Filter Image (LFI)Multiple fine line patterns printed on different card layerscreates a latent imageOptically variable effect thanks to integrated printed filterImage changing effect when tilting the card (light to dark and vice versa)Strong protection against document reproduction or duplicationEasy to verify17 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
True VisionAttractive security and design feature for polycarbonate documentsHigh resolution true-color images visible under 365nm UV exposureExcellent color reproduction and high brillianceEnhanced document security due to underlying image processingalgorithmsProtection against duplication or reproductionHard to copy or imitate18 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Window – Eye-catching document protectionVisually attractive first line security elementEasy to understand and verifySafeguards against grinding attacks, copying or reproductionIntegrated with the document in combination with other security features:tactile surface featuressecurity printing elementspersonalization features19 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Window Lock – New dimension in photo protectionMetallic substrate integrated intotransparent windowMetal ablation by laser of secondary“negative” portraitProtection of card body and holder portraitNot possible to add additional dark imageinformation by subsequent laser markingPrevents similar alteration of primary andsecondary card holder portraitmetal ablationEasy to verifynegativehalftone20 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documentslaser engraving
Edge Sealer – Cutting edge document securityLaser engraving on document edgePre-personalized feature made in manufacturing with generic ordocument specific data, e.g. serial numberEnsures complete integrity of document structureDifficult to forge and copyOffers level 1 and 2 security21 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Secure SurfaceTactile elements on document surface: positive and negative embossing,microtext, 3D features, braille Enhanced security with brand-new effects: movement, light reflectionFlexible design optionsSimple verification by touching, looking and tiltingmicro text (pos/neg)halftone images22 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents3D Reliefvarious designs
Secure SurfaceMovement effect23ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for IdentityDocuments
Secure SurfaceMovement effect24ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for IdentityDocuments
Secure SurfaceMovement effect25ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for IdentityDocuments
Secure Surface: Movement effect26 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Secure Surface: Latent effect27 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Secure Surface: Latent effect28 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Secure Surface: Latent effect29 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Secure Surface: Latent effect30 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Secure Surface: Latent effect31 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Light reflection32 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Surface SealerCombined Secure Surface effects for advanced portrait protectionCustomizedshape/formLatent effect with two customized elementsEmbossed microtext withdeliberate errorMovement and light reflection effectin the framePositive embossing33 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsPositive and negative embossing
Surface SealerCombines different Secure Surface effects:movement, latent effect, light reflectionContains level 1-3 featuresHigh positive embossing prevents adding a foilwith a modified photoTamper-proof against attacks from front andreverse sideEasy to verify thanks to eye-catching effectsEnhanced security for documents withoutDOVID34 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
High security document design and printingGuillochesRainbow printing (A-B-A)Micro lettering (positive/negative)Relief printingSpecial raster printingVariable line widthMicro letteringSpecial raster printing35 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsRelief printingVariable line raster
High security inks and printingUV fluorescent inks / UV bi-fluorescent inksIR visible and invisible inksIR up-converting inks / anti-stokes inksOVI - Optically Variable InkPearlescent inkIR visible and invisible inks36 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsUV fluorescent inks with bi-fluorescenceOVIPearlescent ink
Personalization featuresSafeguarding personalized card holder portrait and dataTactile laser engravingImagePerfPhotoLockIPI - Invisible Personalized InformationTactile laser engraving37 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsImagePerf PhotoLock IPI
Level 3 security featuresDeliberate errors in designMicroparticlesPattern error38 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsCharacter substitution inmicro letteringCharms microparticles
Level 4 security featuresChemical marker / spectrometric taggantsOnly verifiable by document manufacturer39 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Visa pages: Number ofThe various components of a Passportpages is typically 32. As littleas 8 in temporary passportsInner cover paper/end paperCovers withcustomerspecificgold foilingPaper (watermark, security thread)Customizedthread: Severalsingle threadswith UV reactiveproperties40 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsNumberingMicrocontrollereither in thecover or in thedata pageData page(paper or polycarbonate)
What is a Booklet?All passports are consisting of these parts:Covers with customer specific gold foilingPaper for security printingInner cover paper / end paperTitle page (the backside of the data page)Data page (paper or polycarbonate)Visa pages (number of pages is typically 32, but intemporary passports it can be 8)Customized book binding thread (several single threadswith UV reactive properties)Passport book physical dimensions are defined in theICAO doc 9303:88mm 0,75mm x 125mm 0,75mmIn contactless passports there is also a contactlessinlay included in the passportEmbedded in the coverOr embedded inside the plastic data page41 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
What is a Datapage?DatapageHolds the biographical data of the holder2 materials: paper42 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documentsor polycarbonate
Multi-layered structure of the datapagePersonalized layers separated by a non-laserable transparent layer inbetween.Part of the printing is between the laser layers and visible printingdeeper from the surface and closer to the white core.Any attempt to manipulate such personalized information wouldevidently destroy the printing.CLI / MLI surface embossingSecurity printingDOVIDContactless chipPersonalization43 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
What are eCover and Inlay?InlayModule and antenna housed insynthetic paper inlay for gluing ontocover before book binding2 materials: Teslin or paper44 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentseCoverMicrocontroller and antennahoused in inlay and attached tocover2 materials: textile or paper
What is the Hinge?Attaches the datapage to the bookletThe Hinge is durable and made of woven fabric, securely integratedinto the polycarbonate body45 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Hinge partially integrated inside the datapageHinge is inserted in the data page but does not go across the full length, so that itdoes not create weakness in the structure and facilitate slicing.In theory, you may have an attack angle with integrated hinge Vs external hinge,but when fused properly, it does not weaken the structure, opening the door toeasier slicing. Some feature holes in the hinge material for better adhesion of PClayers during lamination.Tamper evidence is most visible when the hinge has a visible area between thedatapage and the stitching.Many of the hinges include tamper evident featuresUV printing and/or UV threads in the fabricPrecisely aligned pattern,Combination with offset printing which will be destroyed when removing the datapage21 countries are using such a product46 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Hinge partially integrated inside the datapageMalaysiaLatviaCzechRepublic47 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Hinge AttachmentHinge strongly attaches through thedatapage and bookletA focal point for attacks:Remove the datapage and integrate withanother bookletCounterfeiters can use hinge to alter documentholder dataSo hinge must be durable and leave visiblemarks for any tampering attemptAdded before lamination process48 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Which security features can be incorporated into a Hinge?VisiFab PRINTPrinted fabric visible under daylight or365nm UVConfigurationUV blue inkUV red inkVisible ink (customer specific qualification)VisiFab UVFabric with interwoven fibers visibleunder UV lightOption to either print equidistant lines forbalanced design or irregular line spacingfor stronger resistance to fraudVisiFab PRINT and UV features canbe combined49 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Booklet Serial NumberingNumbers are burned through all the pages with laser technologyBrownish marks are left around the holes as laser is burning the paper, which isalso considered as a security featureNumbers are composed of small conical holesThe hole size depends on the page number, making it more difficult to swappagesHole shape can be variable, either circular or specific shapesUsually 2 letters 6 or 7 digitsPerforation goes through all visa pages and also through the back coverThe eCover inlay is normally located inside the back cover, laser perforationthrough the back cover is adding security as it seals the cover50 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Swedish ePassport: Protection through Duplication421651 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents3chip5
Graphical ArtworkPassports combine security and national pridePassport conveys a sense of pride for the holderPassports are usually patriotic-themed and tell the story of the CountryGraphical experts create unique designFrom the real photo .52 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents To the reproduction in a UVpicture/security element
Color in PC DatapageColor in PC Datapage offers high quality color photopersonalized by laser inside polycarbonate cardSuperior color photo personalization:high resolution outperformingcompeting technologiesbest protection integrated, overt, covert and forensicsecurity elements53 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Color laser personalizationYAG laser engraves black components and textRed laser bleaches cyan pigmentsGreen laser bleaches magenta pigmentsBlue laser bleaches yellow pigmentsStandard architecture forlaser personalizationEnhanced withcolor lasersNo consumables54 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Blank documents with high fraud resistanceBlack panel protects against thefts duringtransportation or storageHigh barrier against personalization ofgenuine stolen documents:Photo cannot be printed on top of a black panel(photo would be blackened)Secure Surface prevents against black panelremoval attemptsColor lasers not available on commercial marketSpecific expertise and dedicated softwareneeded to personalize photo55 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Packaging coherent featuresCLI/MLIVisiFab PRINTAdvancedTactile surfaceVisiFab UVLatent Filter ImageMinimum recommended setof featuresEdge SealerWindowTrue VisionWindow LockColor Laser PictureDynaprintAdditional set of featuresOn top of the basic features recommended by ICAO,we recommend a polycarbonate datapage with aminimum set of features and with some features outof the additional and advanced setsFocus on protecting portrait through secondary imageand the hinge56 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity DocumentsAdvanced set of econdaryimage inMLI/CLISecondaryimage inclear windowSecondaryimage inWindow LockHingeVisiFabPRINTVisiFab UV
Choose the best protection for your documentSelect security features from awide rangeEnsure a balanced integratedsecurity conceptCover all dimensions ofdocument and protect againstvarious threats57 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents
Designing a secureidentity document.The Document is only assecure as it’s weakest alsSecurityfeaturesProductstructure
Thank youNeville PattinsonNeville.pattinson@gemalto.comPhone 1 512 257 3982
4 ICMA: Advanced Materials & Security Features for Identity Documents. Basic security with central and complementary . Level 1 . Security Features. Additional security with . a set of . Level 2. Security Features. Enhanced security with a few . Level 3. features. Proof with one . Level 4. SF
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