Mainstreaming Local Economic Development Into Jordan National Urban .
127/6/2021MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDEMainstreaming Local Economic Developmentinto Jordan National Urban Policy ThematicGuide
MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDETABLE OFCONTENTS
3TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF ACRONYMS. 51. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 72. BACKGROUND. 113. METHODOLOGY. 154. WHY LED MUST BE MAINSTREAMED INTO THE JNUP?. 175. PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS TO MAINSTREAM LED INTO THE JNUP PHASESAND PILLARS. 296. RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW TO MAINSTREAM LED INTO NUP. 377. WHERE ARE THE AREAS THAT NEED INTERVENTION? . 498. WHO ARE THE MOST DISADVANTAGED GROUPS AND THE TARGET9. CONCLUSION . 5310. REFERENCES . 5511. ANNEX 1: BEST PRACTICES. 5712. ANNEX 2: CHECKLISTS. 65LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: NUP Process. 11Figure 2: Main Sections of Mainstreaming LED into JNUP Thematic Guide. 13Figure 3: Images of the focus group meetings conducted. 29Figure 4: Images showing the before and after (architecural renderings) of AmmanInstitute for Urban Development. . 38LIST OF TABLESTable 1: Stakeholder Mapping and Engagement in Each Phase of the NUP. 33Table 2: The Suggested Training Courses for the Involved Entities. 34Table 3: Time-frame of Recommendations. 47Table 4: Where Stakeholder Decisions or Actions are required forRecommendations. 49MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDEPOPULATION?. 51
MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDELIST OFACRONYMS
EsSPCToRsUAEUN-HabitatUSAIDAqaba Special Economic Zone AuthorityCapacity DevelopmentClimate ChangeCities Implementing Transparent Innovative and effective SolutionsCities & Villages Development BankDepartment of Land and SurveyDepartment of StatisticsExecutive Development PlanGreater Amman MunicipalityGovernorate Development ProgramGross Domestic ProductGeographic Information SystemGovernment of JordanGuiding Principles for Urban-Rural LinkagesHashemite Kingdom of JordanJordan Engineers Association JEAJordan Economic Growth PlanJordan Investment CommissionJordan National Urban PlanJordan Renaissance PlanJordan Valley AuthorityKing Abdullah II Center for Excellencekey performance indicatorslocal economic developmentMinistry of AgricultureMinistry of Digital Economy and EntrepreneurshipMinistry of EducationMinistry of FinanceMinistry of Higher EducationMinistry of InteriorMinistry of Local AdministrationMinistry of Political and Parliamentary AffairsMinistry of Planning and International CooperationMinistry of Social DevelopmentMinistry of TransportNew Urban AgendaNational Urban PoliciesOrganization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentPetra Development and Tourism Regional AuthorityRegional and Local Development ProjectSustainable Development GoalsSmall-Medium EnterprisesSupreme Planning CouncilTerms of referenceUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Nations Human Settlements ProgrammeUnited States Agency for International Development5MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDELIST OF ACRONYMS
MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDE1EXECUTIVESUMMARY
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE71. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe National Government must offer leadership and support to enable the local Governments* to integrateLocal Economic Development (LED), which may be done through the National Urban Policy. A National UrbanPolicy is defined as: “A coherent set of decisions derived through a deliberate Government-led process ofcoordinating and rallying various actors for a common vision and goal that will promote more transformative,productive, inclusive and resilient urban development on the long term” (UN-Habitat, 2014).Therefore, the NUP should address urban issues, contribute to sustainable urban development, and, moreover,contribute to sustainable Local Economic Development (LED). This guide will provide how Local EconomicDevelopment (LED), hereafter referred to as LED, should be mainstreamed into urban policy. Specifically, itsupports the efforts to formulate, implement, refine, and sustain the approach to sustainable LED in Jordan.In summary, this guide describes the important steps to mainstream LED into the development of a NationalUrban Policy (NUP) – hereafter referred to as NUP.This guide has been developed after conducting a review on how existing NUP as well as other policies andframeworks that guide urban development have addressed urban economy and LED . The Guiding Principlesfor Urban-Rural Linkages (GP-URL), Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies as well as theNational Urban Policy and Housing for All, were among the documents that have been reviewed for guidanceto structure this guide. The guide presents 10 recommendations that may be incorporated into developing orreviewing national or subnational urban policies. The recommendations are not prescriptive, but, rather, provide options on how and what LED dimensions may be included in urban policies - depending on the context,analysis, stakeholder engagement, and other relative factors. Some guidance is also provided on how andat what stage LED can be best incorporated into policy, in relation to the pillars and phases of implementingthe NUP.The proposed recommendations to mainstream LED into the JNUP are as follows:Recommendation 1: Reconsider the Decentralization and Municipalities Law in a way that ensurescoordination among various councils, including local governorates as well as Executive and MunicipalCouncils.Recommendation 2: Have an umbrella body (or platform) for urban planning development in Jordan,like the Amman Institute for Urban Development.Recommendation 3: Adopt a new methodology for urban development and planning.Recommendation 4: Build the capacity of involved partners in Spatial Planning and EconomicDevelopment Planning to collect and analyze data related to the urban economy needs and requirements.Recommendation 5: Develop a database for urban development planning that includes all economicand social indicators, infrastructure, and human resources at all levels.Recommendation 6: Invest in projects and initiatives that support spatial development and planningtowards future growth of cities and related sectors, at large, in an integrated manner, heeding valueadded chains of sectors.*Local Governments are defined as: Governorates, Districts and Sub-Districts Levels. Governorates and MunicipalCouncils are main administrative units in this structure.
8MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDERecommendation 7: Provide a system of incentives to improve performance for LED within urbanplanning.Recommendation 8: Build the capacity of municipal staff, including financial skills.Recommendation 9: Reconsider the concept and methodology of crisis management and communitysecurity.Recommendation 10: Review the legislations and regulations that govern the mechanisms of workingwith donors.Who is this guide for?This guide is designed to support the UN-Habitat in the development of the JNUP, explicitly addressing LEDissues. It may also be useful for technical advisers, donors, and key stakeholders supporting the developmentof the JNUP. This guide is intended to be an enabling rather than a prescriptive tool. It focuses on the processof mainstreaming LED into the JNUP.
MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDE2BACKGROUND
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE112. BACKGROUNDAt a time of increasing globalization, the importance of strategic development of cities and human settlements to ensure a nation’s economic future cannot be overstated. Sufficient attention should therefore begiven to national development plans, particularly national urban policies, which provide the framework tomaximize the benefits of urbanization while mitigating its risks.A National Urban Policy is defined as: “A coherent set of decisions derived through a deliberate Government-led process of coordinating and rallying various actors for a common vision and goal that will promotemore transformative, productive, inclusive and resilient urban development for the long term” (UN-Habitat,2014).Why is NUP important?To promote an urban paradigm shift, harness urbanization and mitigate its negative externalities, a coordinated approach and clear policy direction is needed. This is what NUP basically provides, a clear guidingframework for urban development. Being comprehensive, the NUP aims to:Connect national, regional, local Governments, and policiesLink sectoral policiesStrengthen urban – rural linkages through a balanced territorial developmentIdentify urban development priorities towards socially and economically equitable and environmentallyfriendly urban and national developmentGuide the national urban system’s future development and spatial configurationProvide a better coordination and guidance of actions for all levels of the GovernmentIncrease the coordinated private and public investments in urban developmentAccording to the National Urban Policy: A Guiding Framework, developed by the UN Habitat, the 5 NUPPhases are: Feasibility, Diagnosis, Formulation, Implementation, and Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) whilethe 3 NUP Pillars are: Participation, Capacity Development, and Acupuncture Projects, which enable the NUPto best respond to the challenges and opportunities presented by urbanization, as shown in Figure 1 below.Figure 1: NUP Process
12MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDEWhile the NUP stresses the importance of tailoring the process according to context, since developing theNUP is highly unique and context-specific, there are three main thematic areas that should be addressed inany NUP: (1) Urban Legislation; (2) Urban Economy; and (3) Urban Planning and Design (UN-Habitat, 2016).As per the National Urban Policy Guiding Framework, the Diagnosis Report for Jordan was developed aroundthe three key thematic areas. Moreover, the JNUP Diagnosis Phase added a fourth thematic area dedicatedto addressing resilience in the NUP in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic (UN-Habitat, 2020a).In today’s global economy, cities are often found to be the drivers of a country’s gross domestic product(GDP) and economic growth. It is important, therefore, that local urban economic opportunities are able tokeep pace with rapid urbanization and the resulting influx of people into cities.The lack of healthy LED and employment opportunities can lead to urban poverty and under-employmentof groups such as youth and women. Moreover, cities must have secure municipal income and developedmunicipal finance instruments that will enable the collection and enforcement of taxes and investment inthe infrastructure.Jordan’s urban economic sector currently faces several challenges. For example, the majority of Jordan’s economic activity is concentrated in Amman, resulting in urbanization without economic growth in other areasas well as high unemployment rates and limited job opportunities leading to increased poverty rates. Moreover, Jordan municipalities have suffered from structural financial issues since the 1990’s. Most of them areunderfunded and chronically indebted, as their revenue collection does not cover the necessary expenses forservice delivery. Another challenge is the influx of refugees that increased the pressure on municipal servicesand increased the demand on public services (UN-Habitat, 2020b).In this challenging environment, the current urban planning and management practices are inadequateto curb Jordan’s urban growth. In line with Jordan’s priorities 2019-2022 in managing the country’s urbangrowth and its Vision 2025, the UN-Habitat Regional Office for Arab States, in collaboration with the Regionaland Metropolitan Planning Unit at the Urban Planning and Design Branch of UN-Habitat, aims to support theGoJ to initiate the development of a sustainable, inclusive, and evidence-based National Urban Policy for thecountry.Amman, Jordan UN-Habitat (2021)
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE13Therefore, there is an urgent need to address LED needs and to formulate a guideline on how to mainstreamLED in national urban policies. This thematic guide has been developed to provide guidance on how to mainstream LED into the JNUP. This should include, but not be limited to, local economic growth, investmentopportunities, Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs), strengthening municipalities in the post COVID-19, PublicPrivate Partnerships (PPP), land value capturing mechanisms, municipal financial reform, urban-rural linkages, and etc.This guide is divided into six main sections as follows:123456-IntroductionWhy must LED be mainstreamed into JNUP?What are the proposed recommendations to mainstream LED into JNUP’s phases and pillars?Recommendations on how to mainstream LED into NUP.Where are the areas meriting specific interventions?Who are the most disadvantaged groups and target population?1INTRODUCTION2WHY must LED be mainstreamedinto JNUP?3MAINSTREAMING LEDINTO JNUP456WHAT are the proposed recommendations to mainstream LED intoJNUP’s phases and pillars?Recommendations on HOW to mainstream LED into NUP.WHERE are the areas meriting specific interventions?WHO are the most disadvantagedgroups and target population?Figure 2: Main Sections of Mainstreaming LED into JNUP Thematic Guide
MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDE3METHODOLOGY
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE153. METHODOLOGYThe consultant reviewed and analyzed the JNUP Diagnosis Report, the Stakeholders Mapping Report, andFinal Capacity Assessment Report, with a special focus on LED aspects. Furthermore, an analysis of key gapson LED and municipal financing was conducted and, accordingly, a set of recommendations to mainstreamLED into the JNUP was developed.Data was collected mainly through desk research, which included all available published data andinformation regarding current, ongoing, and future projects as well as through in-depth interviews withrelevant stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental entities. Online surveys were given to withkey stakeholders such as CVDB, MOPIC, MOLA, CITIES, JIC, and municipalities to assess and map LED andmunicipal financing gaps, needs, and opportunities.Desk ResearchOnline SurveysInterviews
MAINSTREAMING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INTO JORDAN NATIONAL URBAN POLICY THEMATIC GUIDE4WHY LEDMUST BEMAINSTREAMEDINTO THE JNUP
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE174. WHY LED MUST BE MAINSTREAMED INTO THE JNUP?Through the Municipalities Law (2015) and the Decentralization Law (2015), the Jordanian Governmentattempted to regulate the decision-making process as well as developmental and spatial planning, and identifyinvestment needs as part of the powers of the provincial and Executive Councils tasked to approve strategies,implementation plans, and budgets as allocated by the Ministry of Finance (GoJ, 2015; Newspaper, 2019).This would enable Local and Executive Councils to prepare an economic development plan and define futurestrategic directions based on clear visions with a deeper analysis of the current economic situation, throughpartnerships with relevant stakeholders and partners, considering the competitive advantages of each area,rather than making plans based on unrealistic ambitions.Mainstreaming LED into the JNUP processes will increase the economic capabilities of Jordan, link theeconomic development performance in the governorates with their competitive advantages, and supportthe growth of economic sectors in an integrated manner based on value-added chains. It will also enhanceurban-rural linkages through the integration of production and the flow of raw materials and intermediategoods between the areas as well as the support of marketing for community production through megamarkets, especially in the field of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It will also work to enhance thecapacities of municipalities in terms of human, financial, and technical resources.After conducting an extensive review in the Jordan National Urban Policy Diagnostic Report of LED relatedlaws, regulations, and legislations, as well as institutional performance, NUP Diagnoses Report, and NUPChallenges and Opportunities, and other tools, it was evident that there are several challenges facing localand municipal economic development.This section highlights the rationale behind the importance of mainstreaming LED into the JNUP. It includes acontextual analysis that highlights the major gaps in LED and municipal finance in relation to existing policies,strategies, plans, and legislative documents on LED and municipal finance in Jordan.Existing LED Projects, Strategies, Plans and Legislative DocumentsThis section intends to highlight the existing LED projects, strategies, plans, and legislative documents tocapitalize on existing work for the enhancement of the urban agenda. There are currently numerous LEDprojects and undergoing initiatives, which are considered an opportunity to build on and promote linkagesamong economic and development planning as well as urban and spatial planning. The main initiatives,projects, and policies can be summarized as follows:Ministry of Local Administration (MoLA) Draft Law 2020 and its Amendment: The Technical MinisterialTeam is currently developing this Law with the aim of unifying elected councils under the umbrella ofthe Ministry of Local Administration (MoLA). Furthermore, some amendments are done to bridge thegaps between the Decentralization Law and Municipalities Law of the year 2015.The outcomes of the supportive program to the decentralization and local governance, United StatesAgency for International Development - Jordan Cities Implementing Transparent, Innovative, andeffective Solutions (USAID-CITIES), funded by the USAID, are pivotal efforts in supporting spatial andurban development planning. The outcomes of the project include the following*:*Meeting with Chief of party, Cities, Mr. Mohammad Amosh, Zoom meeting, December 2020
18MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDEA. Services Enhancement Component, including the following projects:–– Economic Development Plans for about 73 municipalities.–– Economic Development Plans for 12 Governorates in cooperation with the Ministry of LocalAdministration (MoLA) and Ministry of Interior (MoI).–– Street naming and numbering maps for 100 municipalities. 7 municipalities have been numbered sofar.–– Regional Development Plan for the sub-districts of Al-Dhulail and Al-Khalidiyah.–– Economic Development Plan for the Northern Ghor District.B. Municipal Institutional Performance Development Component, including the following projects:–– Developing the financial management in municipalities by analyzing the status quo of each municipality,give recommendations, and develop financial management of municipalities through advancedsystems.–– Human Resources Development Project on the municipal level for all municipalities.–– Awards of Excellence for municipalities’ projects in cooperation with King Abdullah II Center forExcellence (KACE). This will be launched in the Third Quarter of 2021.–– Fixed Assets Database Project for Municipalities in cooperation with the Cities & Villages DevelopmentBank (CVDB).C. Community Participation and Social Cohesion Component: based on the communityparticipation in preparing municipalities' budgets, plans, and participation in the human resourcescomponent.D. Decentralization Component: the established Decentralization Unit in collaboration withthe Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation (MoPIC), Ministry of Political andParliamentary Affairs (MoPA), Ministry of Local Administration (MoLA), and Ministry of Interior(MoI) worked on the following outcomes:–– The preparation of documents stipulating concepts (Concept Notes).–– Submitting recommendations on the project’s vision for amending the current Decentralization Law.E. Direct Grants Component: by providing municipalities with in-kind contributions andsupporting some of their respective priorities that had been pre-identified in a participatorymanner with technical advisors of the project and the municipalities’ teams.–– Make use of the Regional and Local Development Project (RLDP), 2007 - 2011, which aimed atsupporting the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ) in local development that is parallel to regionaldevelopment through (mainly) the municipalities and some supportive agencies by (MoLA, 2009):Empowering municipalities to become local administrative units capable of efficiently and effectivelyproviding services based on accountability, transparency, and collaboration.–– Developing the institutional capacity of the Ministry of Local Administration (MoLA) in organizing thework and supervising the municipalities, in addition to developing a Governmental support systemthat ensures compatibility and justice in distributing financial support among municipalities.–– Restructuring the Cities & Villages Development Bank (CVDB), increasing its efficiency and effectiveness,availing the right factors and terms for its development and success by diversifying its financial productsand services it offers to municipalities.–– Promoting and building the institutional capacities of municipalities.–– Developing methods and tools for urban and regional planning. Avail the right tools for collaborativework among municipalities in implementing large projects.
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE19The World Bank project with the Ministry of Local Administration (MoLA) - Emergence Services andSocial Reliance Project, which works on different scopes, as follows*:–– Allocation of 16 Million US Dollars to around 26 municipalities that host Syrian refugees to establishprojects based on the consultations with the local communities.–– The Innovation Grant Project, with municipalities, whereby 7 million have been allocated. Theproject’s idea is based on collecting innovative, entrepreneurial, and sustainable project ideas tocreate 30% of the job opportunities from the local community during the project’s implementation.26 municipalities applied for this grant. 9 municipalities won and were awarded the project.The Cities & Villages Development Bank (CVDB) projects, which are considered the base in supportingmunicipalities’ capacities for development and spatial planning. The projects include**:–– Municipalities Financial Observatory Project: aims to build a database of the municipal’s fixed assetsand automate / digitize the database; use assets to prepare policies related to municipal creditclassifications (credit worthiness); partner with the private sector; increase municipalities income frominvestments; utilize these assets to work based on the competitive advantages of those municipalities;as well as encourage joint projects among municipalities that will assist in preparing municipalities’budgets through enhancing financial systems’ connectivity.–– Municipal Monitoring Project: aims to build a database on the social and economic status quo, theinfrastructure, and other indicators that reflect the status of the municipalities and surrounding areas.This will support development and spatial planning as well as will conduct scientific analysis of the dataand build predictions and forward-thinking regarding sectors and economic activities in municipalitiesand affiliated areas.–– Preparation of a strategy plan for the Cities & Villages Development Bank (CVDB), 2021 – 2025: aimsto expand consultation services, needed funding, and technical support to municipalities, as well asencourage developing partnerships with the private sector.The Guideline Project “Engaging citizens in defining and assessing needs on local administrativelevels - decentralization”. The project was launched by the Ministry of Planning and InternationalCooperation (MoPIC) via the “Support Jordan’s Efforts in Decentralization” Project, implemented bythe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), with the cooperation of AlHayat (Life) Center / Rased, and the MOLA and MoI.The Federation of Canadian Municipalities Project, in cooperation with the Ministry of LocalAdministration (MoLA) and the Cities & Villages Development Bank (CVDB) covers several componentssuch as: the preparation of local development plans for a group of municipalities, solid waste project,and specialized training center for the municipalities and the CVDB, etc. The total project budget is 20million Canadian Dollars.Continuation with the initiative by the Government of Dr. Omar Razzaz regarding a unified frame forcentralized planning to organize all national, regional, and sector-based plans under one umbrella /reference, resulting in unified plans for granted implementation, follow-up, and assessments based onsetting the key performance indicators (KPIs). These plans include:*Meeting with Advisor / Coordinator of the Emergence Services and Social Reliance Project at MoLA, Mr. Emad Issa,Zoom meeting, December 2020** Meeting with the Director of Planning and Development at Cities & Village Development Bank, Dr. Mahmoud,Zoom meeting, December 2020
––––––––MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDEThe Jordanian National CharterWe are All Jordan InitiativeThe National Agenda of Jordan 2006 - 2016Jordan Vision 2025The Jordan Economic Growth Plan (JEGP) 2018 - 2022Jordan Renaissance Plan (JRP) 2019-2020Executive Development Plan (EDP) 2016–2018Governorate Development Program (GDP) 2016 - 2018Government Institutional strategies and plansSector-based strategic plans, e.g. National Agricultural Development Strategy 2020 - 2025Economic development plans for governorates and municipalitiesComprehensive area planningRelevance to SDGsEconomic development planning is a participatory process to revitalize the local economy through aneffective partnership between all official bodies, private sector, civil society institutions, and the localcommunity that seeks sustainable development based on the capitalization of local economic resources andthe competitiveness of regions. It is also considered one of the most important inputs to spatial planningthat provides a model of balanced growth of economic sectors, population, and infrastructure, leading toachieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals indicated below:SDG 1: Eradication of poverty in all its forms everywhere.SDG 2: Elimination of hunger, providing food security and improved nutrition and promoting sustainableagriculture.SDG 8: Promotion of sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full, and productiveemployment, providing decent work for all.SDG 9: Building resilient infrastructure, stimulating inclusive and sustainable industrialization, andencouraging innovation.SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.These goals support the strengthening of the interdependence between economic development planning,spatial planning, and urban policies.
MAINSTREAMING LED INTO JNUP/ THEMATIC GUIDE21LED Identified Challenges:The identified key existing gaps and issues related to the LED in Jordan are based on comprehensivedesk research, literature review, and focus meetings conducted with CVDB, MOPIC, Mola, Cities, JIC, andmunicipalities’ representatives. The challenges and gaps include:1. Weak financial administration and focused revenues in municipalities that affect the planningof economic and development projectsMunicipalities suffer from insufficient financial income, structural (permanent) deficits, and debt, allof which are exacerbated by weak financial management.Municipal revenues are limited to professions licensing and permit fees, as well as impaired collectionsystems by financial departments. Local economies are limited to small and medium-sized economicactivities, most of which are in the informal sector.The imposed fees percentages on lands (Al-Musaqqafat Tax) are low and reliant on the type, location,land usage, and classification (whether commercial or residential).The municipalities’ revenues are also very dependent on the cent
JRP Jordan Renaissance Plan JVA Jordan Valley Authority . To promote an urban paradigm shift, harness urbanization and mitigate its negative externalities, a coor- . Urban Planning and Design (UN-Habitat, 2016). As per the National Urban Policy Guiding Framework, the Diagnosis Report for Jordan was developed around the three key thematic .
Gender mainstreaming . Gender mainstreaming is defined as the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including . UNDP (2001), Learning & Information Pack. Gender Analysis. 8. Vertical mainstreaming Horizontal mainstreaming . Macro-level. Meso-level. Micro-level. Bottom up approach Top-down approach.
MAINSTREAMING & EQALITY OTCOMES PROGRESS 2021. Section 1 - Mainstreaming. Police Scotland have focused on developing our mainstreaming approach at a strategic . level and have seen improvements in this area since the last reporting period While our approach to tactical matters also focuses on mainstreaming Equality, Diversity
Gender mainstreaming is not an additional issue to other factors that you need to take into account when planning or implementing your Development Partnership such as financial efficiency, accounting, transnationality, empowere-ment, coordination and so on. The guide illustrates how gender mainstreaming is an essential part of all these
module 3: gender mainstreaming in organisation 25 introducting gender mainstreaming 25 mainstreaming gender into your organisation 27 institutional gender assessment check list 28 comprehensive organisational gender assessment 30 preparing an action plan 32 annexes 3.1 - 3.3 refreshing your knowledge
What is Protection Mainstreaming? Protection mainstreaming is the process of incorporating protection principles and promoting meaningful access, safety and dignity in humanitarian aid. The following elements must be taken into account in all humanitarian activities: 1.
The Equality Mainstreaming Unit was established to support employers and service providers to become equality competent. Equality mainstreaming is about embedding equality into policies, procedures and practices in order to prevent discrimination from happening. A key principle that informs equality mainstreaming strategies is a partnership .
5. Identify key steps to support the mainstreaming of issues such as gender equality and children affected by AIDS in education sector responses. 1.2 Expected outcomes Increased awareness of the importance of HIV mainstreaming in the education sector. Increased knowledge on issues related to HIV mainstreaming in the education sector.
empower women economically and promote their engagement in the economic domain. Before reflecting upon the case studies, however, it is important to define core concepts that underpin the subject of women's economic empowerment. Gender mainstreaming The United Nations Economic and Social Council's definition of gender mainstreaming
