Ring And Packing - HOERBIGER
Ring and packingSealing systems for reciprocating compressors
Wiper packingIntermediate pressure packingWiper rings are carefully designedThe intermediate packing provides afor maximum wiping efficiency andsecondary seal to pressure packingeconomy - either using conventionalto prevent residual gas leakage fromwiper designs or HOERBIGER advancedoutboard to inboard distance piece.designs.
Cooled and non-cooled pressure packingPiston support and dynamic sealOur pressure packing maintains itsPiston and rider bands for horizontal,seal in low pressure and high pressurevertical or inclined pistons; forconditions for any process gas. Casedouble- or single-acting arrangements;designs and cooling options are carefullyand for lubricated or non-lubricatedselected for each application.compressors.
Challenging operating conditions.HOERBIGER designs, manufactures and services pressure packing, piston rings and rider bands fororiginal equipment manufacturers and for compressor operators. We design and test our sealingsystems for the most challenging operating conditions: chemically inert to highly reactive gases,cryogenic to high operating temperatures, bone-dry to wet, vacuum to high pressures. HOERBIGER willprovide a solution that optimizes sealing performance and lifetime.We are committed to advancing theOur ring and packing systemstechnology that makes the seals for improve compressor efficiencyreciprocating compressors last longer provide superior sealing performanceand leak less. extend ring life expectancyOur solutions are based on an integrated reduce gas emissionsapproach that first understands theapplication and then overcomesproblems with design, materialselection, manufacturing, installationand operation.
.call for new ideasWhile HOERBIGER offers a complete line of standard ring and packing sealing systems, we continueto challenge broadly accepted theories to advance and redefine engineering and manufacturingstandards of design. Our most recent result, a scientific breakthrough for developing an entirely newgeneration of high performance sealing systems.Introducing HOERBIGER’s latest scientific breakthroughThe Balanced Cap Design (BCD)The BCD sealing ring makesDesigned to last longer and leak lesscompression safe, clean and efficient. robust one-ring design in four piecesThe ring is manufactured with high- no pin requiredprecision and its predictable and slim design for tight spacessymmetric wear patterns are the result high sealing efficiencyof a new one-ring design. special pressure balancing does notIts slim profile means it runs cooler.The design allows for the use of PTFE athigher pressures.impair sealing efficiency combines high lifetime and lowleakage
Advanced materials research and developmentScientists, application engineersand production specialists at ourPolymer Research Center in Houstonwork together to solve our customers’reciprocating compressor sealingproblems for virtually all gas andoperating conditions.Our years of experience allows usto offer compressor users the mostextensive material selection availabletoday.HOERBIGER offers the broadest range of materials for piston rings, rider bandsand packing. High-performance polymers are engineered for lubricated and nonlubricated compressors in air, natural gas, air separation and petrochemical processapplications. Our material selections include: PTFE PPS PEEKTM proprietary blends and alloyed materials which exceed traditional PEEK-basedmaterial offerings in wear and high temperature performance polyimides, imadiazoles, sulphones and benzimadizoles proprietary fibers and fillers for application-specific material designHY-grades show exceptional resistance to high pressures and temperatures, chemicalreaction, corrosion and stress-cracking. The mechanical toughness and low-frictionproperties make them ideal for compressor sealing components. Unique fillercompositions improve strength, durability, thermal and physical properties.
Total quality control from powder to product supportResearch and innovationPolymer compounding and blending advanced polymer research polymer engineeringManufacuturing, molding & machiningtechnologies mechanical component testing, FEA, material testing and inspection: material compounding: filling,stress analysis component design validation usingstatic, creep, stress relaxation,fatigue, friction and wearreinforcing, alloying and coloring injection-moldingcomprehensive simulation tools that material selection compression moldingcalculate frictional heat generation, qualification & evaluation up to 60 inch diameter machiningcup pressure distribution and rod multi-axis and twin turret CNC lathestemperatures vertical mills, lappers, gapping saws
Application engineeering and designProduct evaluation testingProduct and field support design solutions for chemically inert fully-instrumented high-speed solution design & material selectionto reactive gases, cryogenic to high-(1400 rpm), high pressure test product upgradestemperature, and vacuum to highcompressor measures cup pressure field support and problem-solvingpressure applicationsdistribution, packing leakage and conversion from lube to non-luberod temperature distribution tailored training classes material selection packing system design life prediction and failure analysis
Rod pressure and oil wiper packing ringsHOERBIGER is a leading supplier of rings and packing forreciprocating compressors. As a key sealing component inthe compressor, customers come to us to solve a numberof problems related to packing. HOERBIGER can providedesign solutions to combat failures, increase the lifeexpectancy and improve sealing function.All segmented pressure packing rings are dynamic, pressure-actuated seals. Thatmeans, they only function with a differential pressure and with the compressoroperating. Some common features of pressure packing rings: pressure loads the rings against the piston rod and packing cup sealing faces side clearance allows the rings to float within the cup as the piston rodreciprocates and gas enters and leaves the cup garter springs hold the ring segments in contact with the piston rod duringassembly and while the compressor is shutdown gas leakage is blocked by ring overlap end gaps allow the rings to self adjust for wear during the life of the packingThis section introduces you to some of the more common designs for packing.However, different compressor duties require different packing ring designs andmaterial selection. The gas properties, pressure differentials, compressor speed, andtype of service are all used to determine the proper combination of ring style andmaterial that will provide the optimum pressure seal and oil wiping.
Single-acting ringsBalanced-cap (BCD)Radial Tangent pair (RT)FeaturesFeatures (from pressure side) single radial cut ring in four radial cut ring and a tangent cut ringsegments 2 upper/lower caps bridge 2 sidesegments no rotary lock requiredHow it worksOn the discharge stroke, the pressurizedgas flows through the annular clearancebetween the piston rod and cup andSingle acting rings seal gas in one direction. Thepreventing pressurized gas from being trapped bemain assembly during the suction stroke.Backup ringsTangeBack up rings minimize non-metallicFeaturesealing rings from extruding into the tanspace between the piston rod andgappacking cup. The back up does not sealtheHow it worksforces the radial-tangent pair againstThe sealing segments surroundthe flat face of the next packing casethe rod and form radial gaps. Thecup. The gas then flows through the sidedesign produces a balanced pressureclearance in the cup and the gaps in thebreakdown that does not impair sealingradial cut ring and out into the spaceand provides a highly predictable wearabove the packing rings which loadspattern that optimizes material usagethe tangent ring to the rod. The radialand increases the life of the sealingrings are loaded but not as heavily asrings. The compact design producesthe tangent cut ring. On the inlet stroke,less frictional heat, is easy to install andthe gas pressure reverses its flow andthe cuprequires less space. The simple, one-ringrelieves the packing ring load on thedesignsdesign has very low leakage.piston rod.allow gaApplicationsApplicationsreverse 3rd and 4th stage PET compressors fundamental sealing element for allApplica good for all piston speeds when conventional packing is notmeeting required life expectancyon the rod; it does seal on the packingcase cup face. It is bored to have asmall clearance on the piston rod andhas no segmental gaps when positioned.Back up rings are typicallymanufactured using cast iron or bronzematerial.pressure packing bacHow itThe ringthe segmrod). Ththe gas.segmen whe manufactured from a wide variety ofaccmaterials based on application high high-temperature / high-loadBCD: balanced-cap ringRadial Tangent pairRadial Tangent pair with backup rings;cast iron (above) bronze (below)Tangent
ey keep the packing cooler byetween the ring sets within theSide-loaded rings (SLP)Pressure breakersFeatures (from the pressure side)Two common types radial cut ring with chamfered grip the rod with gaps, orrecess over-bored with zero gapent to rod (TR) radial cut ring with chamfered bosses (from pressure side) tangent cut ringngent to rod cut ring without stepHow it worksHow it worksp and with relief grooves facingSide loaded pressure rings alwaysInstalled in the first cup of the packinge pressuremaintain a seal between the tangent cutassembly, pressure breakers face theck up ringseal ring and the cup sealing face duehighest pressure. The pressure breakerworksto the inclined nature of the face of thethrottles the gas pressure pulsations—g behaves like a camera lens astwo radial cut rings. The garter springthey do not seal. They can restrict thements wear (closing in on theforce on the first ring assists the radialgas into the case (single-acting) or canhere is no direct leakage path forcut ring down the inclined boss of therestrict the gas in and out of the case. Slots in the front face of eachsecond radial cut ring, forcing the two(double-acting).nt allow the gas to relieve fromradial rings apart axially. The rings doPressure breakers are typically requiredp. Double-acting tangent to rodnot reciprocate with the piston rod atfor pressures over 300 psi differentials do not have face slots to notlow differential pressures. This ring setpressure between suction and discharge.as back across the ring in theforms the necessary seal below 50 psiFor most applications, a single pressureand slight vacuum pressures.breaker is sufficient; however, twoationsApplicationscups can use pressure breaker rings ifen space is limited to low pressure end of packingcommodate conventional packing generally behind the vent linestroke.h-speed, short-stroke applicationst to rod with cast iron backup ring cast iron, bronze, PEEK, PTFE andother high-strength non-metallicsrequired. to form purge chambers in mainpressure packing and oil wiperpackingSLP (side loaded pressure rings)Pressure breakers; cast iron (left); PEEK(right)
Double-acting ringsDouble acting rings seal gas in both directions. They arecommonly used at low pressures and as vent seals.Tangent pairFeatures (from pressure side)Double side loadedpressure rings (DSLP) two tangent ringsFeaturesHow it works tangent cut ringThis is a common double acting ring radial cut ring with chamfered bossconfiguration. This ring set consists of radial cut ring with chamferedtwo tangent rings pinned to each otherrecessso that the gaps do not align. Both radial cut ring with chamfered bosstangent rings form a seal against the tangent cut ringmetallic cup faces and with the pistonHow it worksrod.DSLP ring set uses two pairs of SLPApplicationsrings with the tangent cut rings facing partition or intermediate packingopposite sides in a purge cup system pulsation seal in oil scraper packingwith the purge gas acting on it. final or vent seal in main pressureApplicationspacking main packing at low or vacuumpressures main and intermediate packing low pressure end of packing limited space for purge low emission packingTangent pairDSLP (double side-loaded pressurerings)Oil wiper ringsTangent cut wiperFeatures tangent cut ring with drainage slotsHow it worksThis style of wiper ring has two scrapingedges in the bore, drilled internal drainholes and on the front face there aredrainage slots. The ring is in threesegments with the cuts being tangentto the rod so the ring acts like a cameralens, closing in on the rod as it wears.Double-acting rings have drainage slotson both faces but holes only on the frontface.Tangent cut wiper ring (single-acting)
Radial high volume wiper(HVOL)Features 2 radial cut rings with milleddrainageThree radial wiper ringsOil-Tight (OT) ringsFeaturesFeatures 2 or 3 radial cut rings in bronze non-metallic throttle ringHow it works 2 radial wiper pairsA radial wiper set can consist of eitherHow it works2 or 3 radial wiper rings that are pinnedThe volume of oil entering the housingto each other so that the gaps do notis minimized by the non-metallic throttlealign and the set as a whole providesring sticking to the front face of theeffective oil wiping action. The ringswiper housing through “oil stiction”.have 2 scraping edges on the innerThe OT wiper rings have a much smallerdiameter similar to that of the singleradial height than conventional ringsHow it worksacting tangent to rod wiper rings. Theywhich allows the rings to conform to theThe milled voids face the oil side. thealso contain drainage slots on the backpiston rod, ensuring optimal wiping ofrings are pinned together to eliminateface to allow the oil to drain back intothe oil from the piston rod surface.rotation and prevent the gaps fromthe cup after it is scraped off the rodPictured (below):aligning. The rings are manufactured inlike a single-acting wiper. However, they 1 OT wiper ring and a tangent to roda variety of materials, the most commondo not contain oil drainage holes on thebeing metallic such as bronze, but canface like the single-acting wiper rings.also use non-metallic materials .They are usually made out of cast iron,ring (left) 2 OT wipers and a throttle ring(right)bronze, or non-metallic material.Oil scraper pair (pinned together)Radial wiper ringsOil-Tight (OT) wiper packing
Packing casesHOERBIGER provides a full line of packing case assemblies covering the vast array of applications andperformance demands required of reciprocating compressors. Application specialists design the caseand internal packing rings into an integrated solution to meet the application’s requirements. Thefinal design is based on many parameters: lubricated or non-lubricated, the pressure range, allowableenvironmental leakage limits running and stationary, gas analysis and compatibility with the caseand packing ring materials, project cost limits and timing restraints, rod size, stud load requirements,gasket needs, stroke, and RPM are the major considerations. packing cups and flanges are precision machined from the appropriate gradeof material required to meet the performance requirements: carbon steel, alloysteel, stainless steel, cast iron, nodular iron, or bronze; material selectionincludes proper specifications and heat treatments to meet specific demandssuch as API 618 and NACE MR0175 requirements. the design can meet the latest requirements set forth in API 618 fifth edition,one such requirement: rod encircling “O”-rings for cooled cases not allowed designs are specifically tailored for lubricated or non-lubricated service as wellincorporating the need for cooled or non-cooled emission-reduction packing systems meet required environmental regulations;solutions include purged, vented and, when required, stationary gas seals gas control and monitoring systems provide purge control, remote alarming, andflow control packing case retrofits and upgrades available for all compressor modelsThe manufacturing process is based on strict adherence to all the designer’sspecifications for the packing components. Control of our manufacturing processgenerates the quality assurance that is demanded of this precise integratedassembled product. Material specification, correct machining practices, meetingflatness and finish requirements, proper “O” -ring retained grooves, detailedassembly documents, and testing: all are precisely defined to assure the bestpossible seal assembly will be achieved when placed in operation.
Standard packing case systemsStandard and custom packing case systems are designedfor original equipment manufacturers and for compressoroperators. Material selection, ring and case designs areavailable for a broad range of compressor applications from cast iron to stainless steel, cooled, non-cooled, heatconductive, purged, vented, or may include a static seal.Main packing cast iron, steel, bronze or stainlesssteel service connections include cooling,venting, purging, temperaturemonitoring, etc. special designs for lube and nonlube service and pressures fromvacuum to 690 bar (10,000 psi) can be fully lapped metalliccomponents to ensure gas- andwater-tight packing designed to meet API 618 FifthEditionIntermediate packing eliminates crankcase contamination prevents process gas leakage intosecond distance piece wide material selection ensuresoptimum service life can be lubricated or purgedCooled packing provides all the benefits of the noncooled case plus it helps removeheat from the seals and rod by useof internal passages that permit aconstant flow of coolantThermosleeve heat-conducting pressurepacking for the high temperatureenvironments of PET blow moldingapplicationsOil wiper packing removes oil from the piston rod as itexits the crankcase provides a seal for pressurepulsations simple, one-cup design using an oilscraper and sealing ring set multiple cup designs incorporateconventional oil wiping, reverse oilwiping, pulsation sealing, and apurge chamber wiper rings are typically bronze,but other metallic and non-metallicmaterials can be applied SLP and DSLP rings for maximumsealing performance
Low emission packing case systems and monitoringStationary gas seals does not seal during dynamicreciprocating action energizes when the compressorstopsOur purged pressure packing uses SLP, DSLP or BCD rings for maximum sealingperformance. Inert gas, purged into this packing case, forces process gas to thevent line, preventing it from ever entering the crankcase or atmosphere. SLP, DSLP and BCD rings for inert gas, purged into the caseforces process gas to vent API 618 and NACE emissionstandards optional flow control for valve monitoring systems provideunloaders, intermediate and wiperautomatic purge controlpacking remote alarm and monitoring optional static seal to controlavailableleakage during shutdownNitrogen INCylinder SideCrankcase SideTodistancepiece ventNitrogenOil DrainNitrogenPiped controlled leakageto dangerous gas / nitrogen vent automatic purge control remote alarm and monitoring intrinsically safe intrinsically safemaximum sealing performanceMonitoring systemsDangerousGasLubrication (on top) satisfies API618 and NACEemission standards optional flow control for valveunloaders, intermediate & wiperpacking
Piston rings and rider bandsPiston rings restrict the flow of gas between the piston and cylinder bore.Cylinder pressure activates the piston rings to seal. The radial clearancebetween the piston ring and the piston allows the piston rings to be free floating.The radial thickness of the rider band is greater than the ring groove depth sothat it rides on the cylinder bore and supports the piston.The design and construction of the piston plays an important part in cylinder ringdesign, upgrade and modification. With proper material selection, careful design andclose tolerance machining, piston rings should provide an effective positive seal.Additional benefits of HOERBIGER designed cylinder rings include: excellent sealing extended lifetime active piston support even wear characteristics mimimize frictional heat protection from temporary or sudden loss of lubrication
Piston ringsThe piston rings are designed to seal the gas within the cylinder. The number andstyle of rings that are required depend upon the gas duty, temperatures, pressuresand piston design. Most common piston rings are 1- or 2-piece angle cut but specialdesigns are available for low to high pressures and light gases. For better sealing,L-cuts or step cuts minimise any direct leakage path. For low molecular weightgases, low differential pressures, and to support larger rings, expander springs helpminimize leakage by applying an outward tension on the ring to seal it to the cylinderbore. Expanders can also be used to reduce the leak path beneath the piston ringthus improving seal efficiency. Piston rings are manufactured using tight tolerancesand are available in several cuts and styles. angle step butt seal joint pressure balanced single- or multi-segment with expanders, flat or round wire, recessed or notRider bandsRider bands support the piston and prevent metal-to-metal contact. Most commonrider bands are either solid riders or angle cut with side relief.Riders can be one piece stretch-on designs which require special fitting equipment,or they can be cut designs in one or two pieces. If a stiff material is required for theapplication, two-piece designs make installation easier.Material selection is critical, especially for non-lube operation. Selecting materialswith proper strain and memory ensures optimal piston support and long service lifeat operating temperatures and pressures. HOERBIGER’s research and development,extensive testing and field experience has resulted in a complete portfolio oftribological materials designed for piston rings and rider bands.
HOERBIGER has the right sealing technologyfor every applicationProcess IndustryGas conditionsCompressor designs and sizes oil production and refining wet, dry, and bone-dry lubricated and non-lubricated chemical processing temperatures up to 240 C (460ºF) cooled and non-cooled petrochemical processing pressure from vacuum up to 690 bar single and double-acting gas exploration gas transport air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen,argon, helium gas storage chlorine, ammonia gas re-injection nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide,Air Compressors PET blow molding industrial aircarbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide hydrocarbons, ethylene, ethyleneoxides hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride,Industrial Gasessulfur hexafluorides, vinyl chlorides, argon, ethylene, carbon dioxide,refrigeration crosshead/non-crosshead horizontal, vertical and inclined rod diameters to 255mm (10inches) cylinder diameters to 1400 mm (55inches)Specialized HY-grade materials PTFE based PEEK based advanced polymershelium, hydrogen, nitrogen, nitrousoxide, oxygen, and more.www.hoerbiger.comHOERBIGER Compression Technology is a business unit of HOERBIGER Holding AG, Zug / Switzerland. HOERBIGER is activethroughout the world as a leading player in the fields of compression technology, automation technology and drive technology.In 2010, its 7,600 employees achieved sales of 950 million Euro. The focal points of its business activities include keycomponents and services for compressors, gas engines and turbomachines, hydraulic systems and piezo technology for vehiclesand machine tools, as well as components and systems for shift and clutch operations in vehicle drive trains of all kinds.Through innovations in attractive technological niche markets, the HOERBIGER Group sets standards and delivers cutting-edgesolutions for the benefit of its customers.This product brochure contains product specifications based on research and development on the one hand and on manufacturing on the other. Dependent on place of installation, operatingconditions and specifications, several parameters of the described product may change. Thus, HOERBIGER assumes no liability or warranty for the accuracy and completeness of theinformation covered in this brochure.1386185 - Issue 10 2012Natural Gas Industry(10,000 psi)
Backup rings Back up rings minimize non-metallic sealing rings from extruding into the space between the piston rod and packing cup. The back up does not seal on the rod; it does seal on the packing case cup face. It is bored to have a small clearance on the piston rod and has no segmental gaps when positioned. Back up rings are typically
dust seal mc seal o-ring o-ring teflon o-ring o-ring snap ring dust seal mc seal o-ring o-ring retaining ring o-ring teflon ring o-ring o-ring lock-nut lh o-ring silicone (not shown) o-ring (not shown) 79543 79004 79082 79077 79079 79081 79084 79078 79007 79541 79542 79017 79009 79504 79080
Metal Seal for Banjo Fittings O7 O-Ring Face Seal Port Ends - SAE, Metric, BSPP, JIS, K4 EO/EO-2 EO-2 Sealing Ring O6 EOlastic Seal Ring O5 ISO 6149 O-Ring O4 Metric O-Ring O4 4-Bolt Flanges Metric Retaining Ring O4 JIS B2351 O-Ring O6 PLS Bonded Seal O3 Pressure Gauge Sealing Ring O8 BSPP Retaining Ring O5 BSPP O-Ring O5 EO O-Ring O8 BSPP .
12. O-ring Gland Design Friction In normal applications harder materials provide less friction than softer materi-als. However, the higher the hardness of the O-ring, above 70 Shore A, the greater the friction. This is because the compressive force at the same squeeze, is greater than with softer materials. Compound swell decreases the hard-File Size: 338KBPage Count: 31Explore furtherO-Ring Groove Design Guide & Recommendations allorings.comwww.allorings.comO-Ring Groove Design Guides Engineering Quick Referencewww.marcorubber.comMetric O-Ring Groove Design Reference Guidewww.allorings.comDynamic O-Ring Design Chart Marco Rubber & Plastics .www.marcorubber.comO-ring Design, O-ring Design Guide, O-ring Seal Design .mykin.comRecommended to you b
Special packing Grease retainer ring Owing to the special lip shape, dust and rainwater will not enter the ball bearing from the atmosphere. This special shape provides less wear and deformation for long time use X-ring （for BD BDR） Packing O-ring Outer ring (with packing) Ball Grease retainer ring (Dust seal) Swing (Male piece) Coupling(Female piece)
ring design top ring: steel, plasma moly second ring: cast iron, reverse torsional twist oil ring: flex-vent ring design top ring: steel, plasma moly second ring: martensitic ductile iron napier oil ring: flex-vent steel moly race rings.043 - .043 - 3.0mm low tension set
2 16931/168f outlet pipe 3 gb5787-86 bolt m6x22 4 16950/168f connector 5 16961/168f packing ring 6 gb6177-86 nut m6 7 16916/168f filter cup 8 16521/168f packing ring 9 16510/168f fuel filler cap 10 16500/168f fuel filler cap with packing ring 11 16610/168f fuel tank . e-8 air cleaner assy .
4 Circle and Sphere Packing 59 4.1 Circle Packing 59 4.2 Cubic Close Packing 61 4.3 Sphere Packings and Nets 62 4.4 Low Density Sphere Packings 62 4.5 The Boerdijk–Coxeter Helix 64 4.6 Random Sphere Packings 65 4.7 Sphere Packings in Higher Dimensions 67 4.8 Packing Circles on a Spherical Surface 68 4.9 Packing of Unequal Spheres 73 4.10 Rod .
A. Anatomi Tulang Belakang 1. Anatomi Tulang Kolumna vertebralis atau yang biasa disebut sebagai tulang belakang merupakan susunan dari tulang-tulang yang disebut dengan vertebrae. Pada awal perkembangan manusia, vertebrae berjumlah 33 namun beberapa vertebrae pada regio sacral dan coccygeal menyatu sehingga hanya terdapat 26 vertebrae pada manusia dewasa. 26 vertebrae tersebut tersebar .
