FactSheet - OSHA Training OSHAcademy
FactSheetOSHA’s Respirable Crystalline SilicaStandard for ConstructionWorkers who are exposed to respirable crystalline silica dust are at increased riskof developing serious silica-related diseases. OSHA’s standard requires employersto take steps to protect workers from exposure to respirable crystalline silica.What is Respirable Crystalline Silica?Crystalline silica is a common mineral that is foundin construction materials such as sand, stone,concrete, brick, and mortar. When workers cut,grind, drill, or crush materials that contain crystallinesilica, very small dust particles are created. Thesetiny particles (known as “respirable” particles) cantravel deep into workers’ lungs and cause silicosis,an incurable and sometimes deadly lung disease.Respirable crystalline silica also causes lung cancer,other potentially debilitating respiratory diseasessuch as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, andkidney disease. In most cases, these diseases occurafter years of exposure to respirable crystalline silica.some operations, respirators may also be needed.Employers who follow Table 1 correctly are notrequired to measure workers’ exposure to silicafrom those tasks and are not subject to the PEL.Table 1 Example: Handheld Power SawsIf workers are sawing silica-containing materials,they can use a saw with a built-in system that applieswater to the saw blade. The water limits the amountof respirable crystalline silica that gets into the air.Table 1: Specified Exposure Control MethodsWhen Working With Materials ContainingCrystalline SilicaHow are Construction Workers Exposed toRespirable Crystalline Silica?Exposure to respirable crystalline silica can occurduring common construction tasks, such as usingmasonry saws, grinders, drills, jackhammers andhandheld powered chipping tools; operating vehiclemounted drilling rigs; milling; operating crushingmachines; using heavy equipment for demolitionor certain other tasks; and during abrasive blastingand tunneling operations. About two millionconstruction workers are exposed to respirablecrystalline silica in over 600,000 workplaces.What Does the Standard Require?The standard (29 CFR 1926.1153) requiresemployers to limit worker exposures to respirablecrystalline silica and to take other steps to protectworkers. Employers can either use a controlmethod laid out in Table 1 of the constructionstandard, or they can measure workers’ exposureto silica and independently decide which dustcontrols work best to limit exposures in theirworkplaces to the permissible exposure limit (PEL).What is Table 1?Table 1 matches 18 common construction taskswith effective dust control methods, such as usingwater to keep dust from getting into the air or usinga vacuum dust collection system to capture dust. InEquipment/TaskHandheldpower saws(any bladediameter)Engineering andWork PracticeControl MethodsRequiredRespiratoryProtectionand MinimumAssignedProtectionFactor (APF) 4 hrs/shift 4 hrs/shiftNoneAPF 10APF 10APF 10Use saw equippedwith integratedwater deliverysystem thatcontinuously feedswater to the blade.Operate andmaintain tool inaccordance withmanufacturer’sinstructions tominimize dustemissions. When usedoutdoors. When usedindoors or in anenclosed area.Excerpt from Table 1 in 29 CFR 1926.1153In this example, if a worker uses the saw outdoorsfor four hours or less per day, no respirator would beneeded. If a worker uses the saw for more than four
hours per day or any time indoors, he or she wouldneed to use a respirator with an assigned protectionfactor (APF) of at least 10, such as a NIOSH-certifiedfiltering facepiece respirator that covers the noseand mouth (sometimes referred to as a dust mask).See the respiratory protection standard (29 CFR1910.134) for information on APFs.Alternative Exposure Control MethodsEmployers who do not fully implement the controlmethods on Table 1 must: Determine the amount of silica that workersare exposed to if it is, or may reasonably beexpected to be, at or above the action level of25 μg/m3 (micrograms of silica per cubic meterof air), averaged over an 8-hour day; Protect workers from respirable crystalline silicaexposures above the PEL of 50 μg/m3, averagedover an 8-hour day; Use dust controls and safer work methods toprotect workers from silica exposures abovethe PEL; and Provide respirators to workers when dustcontrols and safer work methods cannot limitexposures to the PEL.What Else Does the Standard Require?Regardless of which exposure control method isused, all construction employers covered by thestandard are required to: Establish and implement a written exposurecontrol plan that identifies tasks that involveexposure and methods used to protect workers,including procedures to restrict access to workareas where high exposures may occur; Designate a competent person to implementthe written exposure control plan; Restrict housekeeping practices that exposeworkers to silica, such as use of compressedair without a ventilation system to capture thedust and dry sweeping, where effective, safealternatives are available; Offer medical exams—including chest X-raysand lung function tests—every three years forworkers who are required by the standard towear a respirator for 30 ormore days per year; Train workers on the healtheffects of silica exposure,workplace tasks that canexpose them to silica, andways to limit exposure; and Keep records of workers’silica exposure andmedical exams.Additional InformationAdditional information onOSHA’s silica standard can befound at www.osha.gov/silica.Applying water to the blade of ahandheld power saw reduces theamount of dust created when cutting.OSHA can provide complianceassistance through a variety of programs, includingtechnical assistance about effective safety andhealth programs, workplace consultations, andtraining and education.OSHA’s On-Site Consultation Program offers free,confidential occupational safety and health servicesto small and medium-sized businesses in all statesand several territories across the country, withpriority given to high-hazard worksites. On-Siteconsultation services are separate from enforcementand do not result in penalties or citations. Consultantsfrom state agencies or universities work withemployers to identify workplace hazards, provideadvice on compliance with OSHA standards, andassist in establishing and improving safety and healthmanagement systems. To locate the OSHA On-SiteConsultation Program nearest you, call 1-800-321OSHA or visit www.osha.gov/consultation.How to Contact OSHAUnder the Occupational Safety and Health Actof 1970, employers are responsible for providingsafe and healthful workplaces for their employees.OSHA’s role is to ensure these conditions forAmerica’s working men and women by settingand enforcing standards, and providing training,education and assistance. For more information,visit www.osha.gov or call OSHA at 1-800-321OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627.This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.DSG FS-3681 12/2017
FactSheetCONTROL OF SILICA DUST IN CONSTRUCTIONHandheld Power SawsUsing a handheld power saw (also called a cut-off saw) to cut masonry, concrete,stone, or other silica-containing materials can generate respirable crystallinesilica dust. When inhaled, the small particles of silica can irreversibly damage thelungs. This fact sheet describes dust controls that can be used to minimize theamount of dust that gets into the air when using handheld power saws with anintegrated water delivery system as listed in Table 1 of the Respirable CrystallineSilica Standard for Construction, 29 CFR 1926.1153. This fact sheet does not applyto handheld saws used to cut fiber-cement board.Engineering Control Method: Water applied continuously to the saw bladeWet CuttingMany handheld power saws come equipped withan integrated water delivery system designedto cool the blade by directing a continuousstream of water onto the blade where it wetsthe material being cut and reduces the amountof dust generated when cutting. Water can besupplied to the saw by either a pressurizedcontainer or by a constant water supply such asa hose connected to a faucet or construction sitewater supply. Water flow rates must be sufficientto minimize release of visible dust.The saw must be operated and maintained inaccordance with manufacturer’s instructionsto minimize dust emissions. Focus on thefollowing areas: Check that hoses are securely connected andare not cracked or broken. Adjust nozzles so that water goes to the bladeand wets the cutting area. Inspect the saw blade before use to be sureit is in good condition and does not showexcessive wear. Maintain and operating the saw’s dust-controlequipment based on the manufacturer’sinstructions.Photo courtesy of OSHAClean up any slurry produced to prevent theslurry from drying and releasing silica dust intothe air. Wet slurry can be cleaned up using, forexample, shovels or a wet vacuum equippedwith a HEPA filter.A construction worker using a handheld powersaw with an integrated water delivery system.Wet Cutting Indoors or in Enclosed AreasWet cutting indoors or in enclosed areas maynot reliably keep silica exposures low, so extraventilation or a means of exhaust may be neededto reduce visible airborne dust. Extra ventilationcan be supplied by using: Exhaust trunksPortable exhaust fansAir ductsOther means of mechanical ventilation
Ensure air flow is not impeded by themovements of employees during work, or bythe opening or closing of doors and windows.Position the ventilation to move contaminated airaway from the workers’ breathing zones.Electrical Safety. Where water is usedto control dust, electrical safety is aparticular concern. Use ground-fault circuitinterrupters (GFCIs) and watertight, sealableelectrical connectors for electric tools andequipment on construction sites.Respiratory ProtectionIn addition to using wet cutting methods,respiratory protection with a minimumAssigned Protection Factor (APF) of 10 isrequired on Table 1 when wet cutting withhandheld masonry saws indoors or in anenclosed area, or used outdoors for more thanfour hours per shift.When respirators are required, employers mustput in place a written respiratory protectionprogram in accordance with OSHA’s RespiratoryProtection standard 29 CFR 1910.134.Additional InformationFor more information, visit www.osha.gov/silicaand see the OSHA Fact Sheet on the CrystallineSilica Rule for Construction, and the Small EntityCompliance Guide for the Respirable CrystallineSilica Standard for Construction.OSHA can provide compliance assistancethrough a variety of programs, includingtechnical assistance about effective safety andhealth programs, workplace consultations,and training and education. OSHA’s On-SiteConsultation Program offers free, confidentialoccupational safety and health servicesto small and medium-sized businesses inall states and several territories across thecountry, with priority given to high-hazardworksites. On‑Site consultation services areseparate from enforcement and do not resultin penalties or citations. To locate the OSHAOn‑Site Consultation Program nearest you,visit www. osha. gov/consultation.Workers’ RightsWorkers have the right to: Working conditions that do not pose a risk ofserious harm. Receive information and training (in alanguage and vocabulary the workerunderstands) about workplace hazards,methods to prevent them, and the OSHAstandards that apply to their workplace. Review records of work-related injuries andillnesses. File a complaint asking OSHA to inspect theirworkplace if they believe there is a serioushazard or that their employer is not followingOSHA’s rules. OSHA will keep all identitiesconfidential. Exercise their rights under the law withoutretaliation, including reporting an injury orraising health and safety concerns with theiremployer or OSHA. If a worker has beenretaliated against for using their rights, theymust file a complaint with OSHA as soon aspossible, but no later than 30 days.For additional information, see OSHA’s Workerspage.How to Contact OSHAUnder the Occupational Safety and Health Actof 1970, employers are responsible for providingsafe and healthful workplaces for their employees.OSHA’s role is to ensure these conditions forAmerica’s working men and women by settingand enforcing standards, and providing training,education and assistance. For more information,visit www.osha.gov or call OSHA at 1-800-321OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627.This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.DSG FS-3627 12/2017
FactSheetCONTROL OF SILICA DUST IN CONSTRUCTIONHandheld Grinders for Tasks Other ThanMortar RemovalThe use of a handheld grinder to smooth or cut the surfaces of concrete, masonryor other silica containing materials can generate respirable crystalline silica dust.When inhaled, the small particles of silica can irreversibly damage the lungs. Thisfact sheet describes dust control that can be used to minimize the amount ofairborne dust when using handheld grinders for uses other than mortar removal aslisted in Table 1 of the Respirable Crystalline Silica Standard for Construction, 29CFR 1926.1153.Engineering Control Method: Water applied continuously to the grinding wheel OR Vacuum DustCollection SystemWet MethodsGrinders equipped with an integrated waterdelivery system can be used to control dust whencutting, grinding, or polishing granite, concreteor other materials containing crystalline silicaoutdoors. A water faucet or pressurized containercan be used to supply a constant spray of water tothe grinding wheel. When used outdoors, waterfed grinders can control dust on uneven surfacesand near corners and edges more effectively thanvacuum dust collection systems.Electrical Safety. Where water is usedto control dust, electrical safety is aparticular concern. Use ground-fault circuitinterrupters (GFCIs) and watertight, sealableelectrical connectors for electric tools andequipment on construction sites.Photo courtesy of OSHATwo methods for controlling dust when operatinghandheld grinders for smoothing or cuttingsurfaces, and uses other than mortar removalare: (1) use a grinder equipped with an integratedwater delivery system (outdoors only); or (2) usea grinder equipped with a commercially availableshroud and vacuum dust collection system. Thegrinder must be operated and maintained inaccordance with the manufacturer’s instructionsto minimize dust emissions.Example of a handheld grinder withintegrated water delivery system.Make sure to: Check that hoses are securely connected andare not cracked or broken. Adjust nozzles so that water goes to thegrinding surface or cut point. Water flow ratesmust be sufficient to minimize the release ofvisible dust. Set a regular schedule for maintenance andcleaning of the tool and control.
Clean up any slurry produced to prevent theslurry from drying and releasing silica dust intothe air. Wet slurry can be cleaned up using, forexample, shovels or a wet vacuum equippedwith a HEPA filter.Vacuum Dust Collection System (VDCS)Employers can also comply with Table 1 in thesilica standard by using a VDCS to control dustwhen using a handheld grinder. Use a: Commercially available shroud and dustcollection system on the grinding wheelappropriate for the grinder and wheel size. Vacuum that provides at least 25 cubic feetper minute (cfm) of airflow per inch of bladeto capture dust at the point of grinding. Forexample, a 5” grinding wheel would requirea rating of 125 cfm of air flow or more foreffective capture. Vacuum equipped with a cyclonic preseparator or filter- cleaning mechanism with afilter that has 99 percent or greater collectionefficiency for respirable-sized particles. Vacuum exhaust hose capable of providingthe airflow recommended by the toolmanufacturer. A 1.5” to 2” diameter vacuumexhaust hose is typically adequate.Make sure to:Illustration courtesy of NIOSH Keep the vacuum hose clear and free ofdebris, kinks, and tight bends. Follow the equipment manufacturer’sdirections on how to reduce dust buildup onthe filter. Change vacuum-collection bags as directedby the manufacturer. Do not overfill the bag. Set a regular schedule for maintenance andfilter cleaning of the drill and VDCS. Avoid exposure to dust when changing vacuumbags and cleaning or replacing air filters.Detail of grinder with vacuum dust collection system attachment.Respiratory ProtectionWhen properly used, wet methods caneffectively control exposure to silica dust.Therefore, Table 1 does not require the use ofrespiratory protection when operating handheldgrinders outdoors using wet methods.When using a VDCS, respiratory protection witha minimum Assigned Protection Factor (APF) of10 is required whenever handheld grinders areused indoors or in enclosed areas for more than4 hours per shift.When respirators are required, employers mustput in place a written respiratory protectionprogram in accordance with OSHA’s RespiratoryProtection Standard 29 CFR 1910.134.Use of Compressed Air: Unless there is aventilation system that effectively capturesthe dust cloud, do not use compressed airor blowers to clean surfaces, clothing orfilters because it can increase exposure tosilica. Instead, clean only with a HEPA filterequipped vacuum or by wet methods.Indoors or in Enclosed AreasUsing a handheld grinder with a VDCS indoorsor in an enclosed area may not be relied on tokeep exposure low, so extra ventilation may beneeded to reduce visible airborne dust. Extraventilation can be supplied by using: Exhaust trunksPortable fansAir ductsOther means of mechanical ventilationEnsure air flow is not impeded by themovements of employees during work, or bythe opening or closing of doors and windows.Position the ventilation to move contaminated airaway from the workers’ breathing zones.Additional InformationFor more information, visit www.osha.gov/silicaand see the OSHA Fact Sheet on the CrystallineSilica Rule for Construction, and the Small EntityCompliance Guide for the Respirable CrystallineSilica Standard for Construction.OSHA can provide compliance assistancethrough a variety of programs, includingtechnical assistance about effective safety and
health programs, workplace consultations,and training and education. OSHA’s On-SiteConsultation Program offers free, confidentialoccupational safety and health servicesto small and medium-sized businesses inall states and several territories across thecountry, with priority given to high-hazardworksites. On‑Site consultation services areseparate from enforcement and do not resultin penalties or citations. To locate the OSHAOn‑Site Consultation Program nearest you,visit www. osha. gov/consultation. File a complaint asking OSHA to inspect theirworkplace if they believe there is a serioushazard or that their employer is not followingOSHA’s rules. OSHA will keep all identitiesconfidential. Exercise their rights under the law withoutretaliation, including reporting an injury orraising health and safety concerns with theiremployer or OSHA. If a worker has beenretaliated against for using their rights, theymust file a complaint with OSHA as soon aspossible, but no later than 30 days.Workers’ RightsWorkers have the right to:For additional information, see OSHA’s Workerspage. Working conditions that do not pose a risk ofserious harm. Receive information and training (in alanguage and vocabulary the workerunderstands) about workplace hazards,methods to prevent them, and the OSHAstandards that apply to their workplace. Review records of work-related injuries andillnesses.How to Contact OSHAUnder the Occupational Safety and Health Actof 1970, employers are responsible for providingsafe and healthful workplaces for their employees.OSHA’s role is to ensure these conditions forAmerica’s working men and women by settingand enforcing standards, and providing training,education and assistance. For more information,visit www. osha.gov or call OSHA at 1-800-321OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627.This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.DSG FS-3628 12/2017
FactSheetCONTROL OF SILICA DUST IN CONSTRUCTIONHandheld Power Saws Used to CutFiber‑Cement BoardUsing a handheld circular saw to cut fiber-cement board can generate respirablecrystalline silica dust. When inhaled over time, the small particles of silica canirreversibly damage the lungs. This fact sheet describes dust controls to minimizethe amount of airborne dust when using handheld circular saws with a bladediameter of 8 inches or less to cut fiber-cement board as listed in Table 1 of theRespirable Crystalline Silica Standard for Construction, 29 CFR 1926.1153.Engineering Control Method: Vacuum Dust Collection SystemFiber-cement board is a composite material madefrom cement, sand, and cellulose fibers. Cuttingfiber-cement boards with high speed circular sawsgenerates airborne dust that contains respirablecrystalline silica. Specialty saw blades having4–8 teeth reduce the amount of respirable dustcompared to standard masonry blades. Blades withpolycrystalline diamond tips are recommended forlonger cutting life. Filter with a 99 percent or greater efficiency inthe vacuum exhaust. HEPA filters may be usedbut are not required. For longer filter life, useof a disposable filter bag or cyclone pre-filter isrecommended. A vacuum exhaust hose capable of providingthe airflow recommended by the toolmanufacturer. A 1.25” to 2” diameter vacuumhose is typically adequate.Vacuum Dust Collection System (VDCS)Photo courtesy of NIOSHA commercially-available VDCS can be used tocontrol dust when cutting fiber-cement boardoutdoors with a handheld power saw equippedwith a blade of 8 inches or less.The VDCS includes: A handheld circular saw with a partially enclosedsaw blade equipped with either an integrateddust collection port, or a commercially availableadapter installed per manufacturer’s directions. A fiber-cement saw blade less than 8 inchesin diameter. A vacuum that is recommended by the toolmanufacturer with enough air flow to capturedust at the cutting point. Use a vacuum ratedat 80 cubic feet per minute or higher foreffective capture.Worker cutting fiber-cement board outdoors using a handheldpower saw with a vacuum dust collection system. The dustcollection system consists of a saw with a partially enclosedblade, vacuum hose, and dust collector positioned between thesaw horses. Note that while this system is effective at controllingdust, some dust is still visible.A VDCS is most effective when workers areproperly trained and use good work practices.Focus on the following areas: Keep the vacuum hose clear and free of debris,kinks, and tight bends.
Turn the vacuum off and on regularly to reducedust buildup on the filter, if it is not self-cleaning.For best results, use a vacuum with an actuatorswitch that allows the vacuum to be powered onand off using the saw. Change vacuum-collection bags at least as oftenas the manufacturer recommends. Set up a regular schedule for maintenance. Avoid exposure to dust when changing vacuumbags and cleaning or replacing air filters.OSHA’s On-Site Consultation Program offers free,confidential occupational safety and health servicesto small and medium-sized businesses in all statesand several territories across the country, withpriority given to high-hazard worksites. On‑Siteconsultation services are separate from enforcementand do not result in penalties or citations. To locatethe OSHA On‑Site Consultation Program nearestyou, visit www. osha. gov/consultation.Workers’ RightsWorkers have the right to:Compressed Air. Unless there is a ventilationsystem that effectively captures the dustcloud, do not use compressed air or blowersto clean surfaces, clothing, or filters because itcan increase exposure to silica. Instead, cleanonly with a HEPA filter-equipped vacuum or bywet methods.Respiratory ProtectionWhen properly used, a VDCS can effectively controlsilica dust. Therefore, Table 1 does not require useof respiratory protection when cutting fiber-cementboard outdoors using a handheld power saw witha blade 8 inches or smaller in diameter. For indooruse, or with blades larger than 8 inches, Table 1does not apply and the employers must conductan exposure assessment and may need to takeadditional action, including the implementation of arespiratory protection program. Working conditions that do not pose a risk ofserious harm. Receive information and training (in a languageand vocabulary the worker understands) aboutworkplace hazards, methods to prevent them, andthe OSHA standards that apply to their workplace. Review records of work-related injuries andillnesses. File a complaint asking OSHA to inspect theirworkplace if they believe there is a serious hazardor that their employer is not following OSHA’srules. OSHA will keep all identities confidential. Exercise their rights under the law withoutretaliation, including reporting an injury orraising health and safety concerns with theiremployer or OSHA. If a worker has beenretaliated against for using their rights, theymust file a complaint with OSHA as soon aspossible, but no later than 30 days.For additional information, see OSHA’s Workers page.Additional InformationHow to Contact OSHAFor more information, visit www.osha.gov/silicaand see the OSHA Fact Sheet on the CrystallineSilica Rule for Construction, and the Small EntityCompliance Guide for the Respirable CrystallineSilica Standard for Construction.Under the Occupational Safety and Health Actof 1970, employers are responsible for providingsafe and healthful workplaces for their employees.OSHA’s role is to ensure these conditions forAmerica’s working men and women by settingand enforcing standards, and providing training,education and assistance. For more information,visit www. osha.gov or call OSHA at 1-800-321OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627.OSHA can provide compliance assistance through avariety of programs, including technical assistanceabout effective safety and health programs,workplace consultations, and training and education.This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies orstandards. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list ofcompliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request.The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.DSG FS-3927 12/2017
FactSheetCONTROL OF SILICA DUST IN CONSTRUCTIONJackhammers or Handheld PoweredChipping ToolsThe use of a jackhammer or handheld power chipping tools to break or demolishconcrete, stone, masonry or other silica-containing materials can generate respirablecrystalline silica dust. When inhaled over time, the small particles of silica canirreversibly damage the lungs. This fact sheet describes dust controls that can beused to minimize the amount of airborne dust when using jackhammers or handheldpowered chipping tools as listed in Table 1 of the Respirable Crystalline SilicaStandard for Construction, 29 CFR 1926.1153.Engineering Control Method: Water applied continuously to the impact point OR Shroud with VacuumDust Collection SystemTwo methods for controlling dust when usingjackhammers or powered chipping tools are:(1) continuously feed water to the point of impact;or (2) use a shroud or cowling with a vacuum dustcollection system.Wet MethodsManual Spraying. One option for applying waterwhen jackhammering is to have one worker directa stream or spray of water at the impact pointwhile another worker operates the jackhammer orpowered chipping tool. A portable sprayer with anozzle can be used for this job.Electrical Safety. Where water is used tocontrol dust, electrical safety is a particularconcern. Use ground-fault circuit interrupters(GFCIs) and watertight, sealable electricalconnectors for electric tools and equipment onconstruction sites.Photo courtesy of OSHAWhen jackhammering, wetting must occur with acontinuous stream or spray of water at the pointwhere the jackhammer’s tip strikes the surfacematerial. Employers may use manual sprayingor water- spray systems. Under either approach,water must be applied at a flow rate sufficient tominimize the release of visible dust.One worker applies water using a portable sprayerto suppress dust while the other jackhammers.Only wetting the surface is not sufficient.Continuous water application either streamed orsprayed at the point where the jackhammer orhandheld powered chipping tool breaks the surfaceis necessary because as the tool breaks throughthe surface, dry materials below are disturbed,which can produce dust.Water-Spray Systems. Spray nozzles aimed
OSHA's role is to ensure these conditions for America's working men and women by setting and enforcing standards, and providing training, education and assistance. For more information, visit www.osha.gov or call OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627. Applying water to the blade of a handheld power saw reduces the
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30-Hour OSHA Training – General Industry Course Topics Introduction to OSHA o Importance of OSHA o Worker Rights Under OSHA o Employer Responsibilities o OSHA Standards o OSHA Inspections o Where to Go for Help OSHA Inspection Procedures o Posting of Notice & Inspec
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Contact OSHAcademy to arrange for use as a training document. This study guide is designed to be reviewed off-line as a tool for preparation to successfully complete OSHAcademy Course 107. . or pulling a manual fire alarm but there are many other possibilities. Dialing "911" is a common method for reporting emergencies if external emergency
23081 inspection requirements 23078 crane inspection checklist 1 23079 crane inspeciton checklist 2 23080 wirerope / hook inspection osha 1910.180 reference 23269 osha 1910.180, pg. 1 23270 osha 1910.180, pg. 2 23271 osha 1910.180, pg. 3 23272 osha 1910.180, pg. 4 23273 osha 1910.180, pg. 5 23274 osha 1910.180, pg. 6 23275 osha 1910.180, pg. 7
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hydrate (C–S–H), ettringite, and Ca(OH) 2 through a hydration reaction in which hydration heat is produced within the concrete because of an exothermic reaction. Since the thermal cracking of concrete reduces its internal force, watertightness, and durability, an appropriate measure is required to control the heat of hydration. The factors that influence the hydration heat of concrete .
