Airframe And Powerplant Mechanics General Handbook
U.S. Department of Transportation Advisory Circular Federal Aviation Administration Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics General Handbook First Edition 1970 First Revision 1976 lncludes Change 1 (Printed at the back of handbook) March 31,1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF-TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Flight Standard Service
CONTENTS iii v ------------Mixed u m b e r s--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - -:- - - Decimals . Ratio . Proportion. Positive and Negative Numbers- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Powers and R o o t s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------Computing the Volume of Solids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Graphs and Charts- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measurement Systems -----------Functions of Numbers CHAPTER 2. AIRCRAFT DRAWINGS -'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W- - - - - - - - - - Working Drawings . Care and Use of Drawings - - - - - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - Title B l o c k s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bill of Material- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other Data -------- --------2---Methods of Illustrating Objects- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------Reading Drawings- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F - S - - - - - - - - - - - S - L Drawing Sketches- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L Drawing Symbols--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Care of Drafting Instruments- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---Microfilm- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loading Graplis and C. G. Envelopes- - - - - - - - - - - -: . . . . Electronic Weigh ngb q u p m e n t -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - .- Helicopter Weight and Balance - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .: - - CHAPTER 4. FUELS AND FUEL SYSTEMS General - - - - - . - - - - . - .- - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Characteristics and Properties of Aviation Gasoline- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ' T u r b n eLnglne Fuels- . - - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - . . Fuel Systen Contarn natlon- - - - - - - - -.-.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fuel System - - . - . . . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fuel System Components --- - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fuel Systern Indicators.--. -.- - - - - - -- -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . E,uel Systems- - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - Multieng ie Fuel Jettison Systems- - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - Troubleshooting the Fuel Systeni- --------- --------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 . F W F - - - - - - - - M C H A PTER 5. FLUID LI N E S A N D FITTINGS General - - - - . . . - . . - . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pluni1)ing Lines- - - - .- - . . - - - - - - - - - - - . . - - -- -- -- -- --- - . . Identification of IIaterials . - -------- ----Flexible IIose. - - - - - -.- - . - - - - - - . - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plumbing Connectors - - . - - - - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tube E orm ngProcesses- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:Repair of Metal Tube Lines - - - - - -,- -------------- --------Fabrication ancl Replacement of Flexible Hose- - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Installation of R l g dTubing- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plun11)ing Assembly Precautions- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . - - - - - -- -- - - - - -- - ----- - - ----St pportClamps. . . - - . - - - - - -.- - - CHAPTER G. .4JRCK.4FT IIARDWA4RE,MATERIALS, AND I'ROCESSES Aircraft I l ardwarc . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . - . . - - . - - - - - - .-. - - - - - Threaded Fasteners . - .- - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Aircraft Bolts - - . . - . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Special-Pr rposeBolts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - Aircraft Nuts- - - -. -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Aircraft Wasllers- - - . . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Installation of Nuts and Bolts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Torque and Torque Wrenches . ------------- Aircraft Screws.-- . . . . - . - - - . - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Repair of Damaged Internal Threads Repair of Damaged Holes with Acres Fastners Sleeves ---------------Turnlocli Fasteners- - - . - i - - -.- .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Control Cables- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - Push-Pull Tube Linkage- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . P ns: Safety Metllods. - - - . . Rivets-. . . . - - - - - - - .- - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - Plastics. - - - - - . - . - - . - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c 7 . L - ' Sllock A1)sorher Cord - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Seals- . . . . . . - . . - . . . - . - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - Gaskets . . . . . . . - . . . - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wipers- - - - - - . - . -.- - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
Sealing. Compounds- - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,--- -- 169 Corrosion Control - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 171 Forms of Corrosion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 172 173 Factors Affecting Corrosion. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Preventive Maintenance- - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 173 I n s p e c t i o n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 174 Corrosion-Prone Areas- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 174 Corrosion Removal - - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I76 Corrosion of Ferrous Metals- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, ---- ------177 Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 177 Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 179 Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 180 Protection of Dissimilar Metal Contacts-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 180 . . Corrosion Llmlts- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - 180 Processes and Materials Used in Corrosion Control- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 181 - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - Chemical Treatments- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 183 . Protective Paint Finishes- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 185 Aircraft Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Interior Cleaning 186 Powerplant Cleaning-. . - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 188 Solvent Cleaners - - - - . . - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - 188 Emulsion Cleaners- - - - . .- - .- - - - - - - .- . - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 189 -- ----------------189 Soaps and Detergent Cleaners-- - - - Mechanical Cleaning Materials- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 190 Chemica.1 Cleaners- - - -. . - - - - - - - - - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 190 Structural Metals--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 191 193 Metalworking Processes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ferrous Aircraft Metals-, ,- -.- .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 194 - --- -- -- ----197 Nonferrous Aircraft Metals- - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . 204 Substitution of Aircraft Metals:- - - - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - . . 205 Princtples of Heat Treatment- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 205 Heat-Treating Equipment- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - 208 Heat Treatment of Ferrous Metalsl - - - - -------- --------C a s e h a r d e n i n g - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - 211 - - Heat Treatment of Nonferrous Metals- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 212 Solution Heat Treatment- - - - - - -:. - -.- . - - . - - - - - - - - .- - . - - - - - '213 . . 214 Preclpltatlon Heat Treating--- - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 216 ----Annealing of Aluminum Alloys- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 216 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Rivets--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.- - - - 216 Heat Treatment of,Magnesium Alloys- - - - - - - - - - - -,- - . - . . 217 Heat Treatment of Titanium - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .\ Hardness Testing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 218 CHAPTER 7. PHYSICS 221 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -221 ----222 Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P r e s s u r e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 226 . . KineticTheoryof.Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 ., . . Bernoulll s Prlnclple- - - .-. - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 242 Machines-------------------------------------243 c ' ' - - W - vii - F
Work, Power, and Energy- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Motion of Bodies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- - --- --.- - - - - - - - - - Current Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------Basic Circuit Components and Symbols- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ohm's Law- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Series D.C. Circuits- - - - - - - - -,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . Parallel D.C. Clrcults- - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . Series-Parallel D.C. Clrcmts- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . Voltage D v ders- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - -- - Rheostat and Potentiometers--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - S - - - D.C. Generators- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Types of D.C. Generators- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --- - -- ---- ---- - - Regulation of Generator Voltage --- ----- -Differential Relay Switch-. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Parallelling Generators- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - D.C. Generator Maintenance- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Voltage Regulator Operation- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------Brushless Alternator- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Combined A.C. and D.C. Electrical Systems- . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Starting Engines Turboprop Engines- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Turbojet Engines-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - Electrical Power-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Hydraulic Power - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Air Conditioning and Heating Units- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - Ground Support Air Start Units-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- . Preolllng Equipment- - - - - - :- -- - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - ---- ---- -- -- ----Aircraft Fueling- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L - - - - - Fire . Recommended Markings to Indicate Extinguisher Suitability ---------Aircraft Fire Extinguishers L------------------. . Aircraft with Oil-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Servicing Maintenance Safety- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Servicing Aircraft Oxygen Systems ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Aircraft Tiedown- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Securing Light Aircraft-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Securing Heavy Aircraft--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - Aircraft Tiedown for Storm Conditions-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------,- - - - - - - - - - - - W- - - - - - -
GENERAL INDEX absolute humidity - 239 absolute pressure 226 acceleration -254 AC circuits - 286,352,358 Ohm's law relationships,-286, 352-358 phase shift caused by capacitance- 352 power 357 resonance-357 AC electricity -338-366 frequency - 341-343 phase relationships- 344 sine wave -342 values -343 AC generator principles - 338 AC induction motors - 451456 capacitor-start -455 consmction - 453 direction of rotation 455 rotating magnetic field 452 shaded pole- 454 single-phase-454 slip - 453 split-phase- 455 three-phase - 452 AC measuring instruments - 380 AC motors -451460 introduction- 451 maintenance 459460 S@ of - 451 types of - 452 AC rec er meters - 381 Acres sleeves 138. 139. 140 AC series motors 458 compensating windings 458 AC synchronous motor - 456-457 aerodynamic lift from reaction with atmosphere- 242 air-conditioning and heating, ground support-496 aircraft drawings - 35-39 bill of materials- 37,38 dash numbers -37 types of -39 aircraft electrical system, combined AC and DC - 415 aircraft f r e extinguishers- 503 aircraft flight manual - 54 aircraft logs - 463 aircraft movement - 517-523 taxi hand signals 520-523 taxiing - 519 taxi light signals - 520 towing - 517 aircrafttifi operating limitations - 54 aircraft oxygen system servicing 508 aircraft refueling- 497-500 fueling operations 498 pressure &ling - 500 refueling crew duties- 498 aircraft securing 511-517 aircraft on skis - 517 heavy aircraft 512 - - - - - J - , - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - helicopters -516 light aircraft-511 multiengine aircraft 516 seaplanes- 517 storm conditions- 512 aircraft servicing. oil 505 Aircraft Specifications 54,56,57,59,60,61, 62.65 aircraft tiedowns 508 Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheets -94 . aircraft weighing fonn 64 aircraft weight and balance re-54 Airloc fasteners- 142 air start units. ground support 496 Airworthiness Directives- 465 alloys 196-204 aluminum- 198-199 copper-202-203 magnesium - 204 AI-g -183 alternating current and voltage, principles 338 alternator-rectifier unit 414 alternators- 411-435 brushless - 414 constant-speed drive 423430 frequency-417 maintenance- 433434 protectivecircuits 431 rating-416 single-phase- 412 s y n h r o dg 430 three-phase-412 two-phase-412 W S of- 411 alternator voltage regulation-417423 magnetic amplifier voltage regulator-420-423 transistorized voltage regulator 418 altitude, pressure -242 aluminurn alloy composition 199 alloy designations -198 alloying elements- 199 annealing-216 hardness identification 200 heat treatment- 200.212-216 heat treatment conditions- 215 ammeter range extension 324 ammeters-322 ammeter shunts- 324-325 amplifier, magnetic -364-365 amplifier, voltage 89 aneroid-type fuel pressure gage- 92 m&g aluminurn alloys - 216 steel 211 anodizing- 183 antiknock qualities of fuel 75 ' - - - - - - - area. - computation 15 in hydraulic system, computation- 233-234
GENERAL INDEX of a circle- 18,33 of a rectangle 16 of a square- 16 of a trapezoid 19 of a triangle 16,18 of awing- 19 surface, of a cylinder- 2 i arm-54 armature assembly, DC motor 444-445 annature, DC generator 39 1 armature reaction -397 aromatic fuels - 74 assembly drawings 35 ATA Specifications No. 100- 466-468 'atmosphere -236-242 composition- 236 general conditions 236 physical laws -240 standard 241 water content 239 atmospheric density- 238 atmospheric pressure 226.238 atmospheric pressure effect m hydraulic system atmospheric variation from standard day 242 atom, description- 267 automobile fuel - 74 auxiliary fuel pump - 82,85 aviation gasoline - 73,76 Avogadro's law -230 backup rings 168 ballast controlling c.g. position with -67 installation of - 67 Barcol hardness tester 220 bar graph - 24 bathtub capacitor 349 batteries 306-316 lead-acid-307-313 nickel-cadmium 313-316 storage - 306 battery charging and servicing, nickel-cadmium battery charging methods, lead-acid 311 battery ratings, lead-acid - 310 bellows-type fuel pressure gage - 92 benzol- 73 Bernoulli's principle 236,242 bill of materials, aircraft drawings 37,38 bismuth - 302 bladder-typefuel cells 83 bleeder current- 294 blind rivet 155 blueprint paper sizes 37 bolt-head identification marks - 122 bolts 122-126 clevis 123 close-tolerance-123 eyebolts 123 general purpose- 122 identification and coding -122,123 internal wrenching 123 SO-Bolts - 123 - - - - - - - - - - - - -235 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lockbolts 123 Boots self-locking nuts 127 Bourdon tube-type fuel pressure gage - 92 Boyle's law 228 breakdown voltage test - 331 bridge circuit- 89 bridge-type rectifier 377 Brinell hardness tester 218 broken lime graph- 24 brushless alternator 414 bulletins, service -464 bungee cord 166 buoyancy -224 cable, control - 143-144 fittings -144 cable, tiedown 5 10 calipers, micrometer- 544-547 calorie -257 Calorie (large calorie) -257 Carnlockfasteners -142 cancellation of fractions 4 capacitance, factors affecting 347 capacitance, principles-347 capacitivereactance- 351-352 in series and parallel circuits 352 capacitor dielectric constant 348 capacitor dielectric strength 351 capacitors 346-352 bathtub- 349 dry electrolytic-348 mica- 348 O? 348 paper -348 types of -348 voltage rating - 351 wet electrolytic 348 capacitors connected inseries and parallelcapacitor-start AC induction motor- 455 carbon-pile voltage regulator 399 carburetor- 85,86 carburetor icing - 74 carb*g - 212 casehardening 212 carburizing 212 nitriding 212 catalog, illustrated parts - 465 category, normal- 56 cells, fuel 83 center of gravity- 53-71 empty-weight -56, 57.59, 63.71 envelopes -69.70 limit - 59 range -54 chain, tiedown- 511 Charles' law - 229 chart, horsepower vs. altitude 25 charts 23 C h e q h c k rivets - 157 chisels- 535 chord, mean aerodynamic 57 chromic acid inhibitor 184 -314-316 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
GENERAL INDEX &cle area - 18,33 circumference- 18.33 circle graph -24 circuit breakers- 317 See electrical circuits circular mil -274 cjpxlar motion -255 c cumferenceof a circle -18,33 clean fuel- 80 cleaning agents 186-190 aircraft- 185 cleaning, interior- 186 cleaning, powerplant 188 cleaning oxygen systems -189 cleaning solvents - 188-190 clear fuel -80 C1evi.s bolt- 123 coefficient of expansion - 261 chart- 261 @ld weather suggestions - 525 cold working metal 194 l ocode, r electrical resistor- 279-281 color code for plumbing - 100 coloring, food- 80 ombination sets - 543 common fractions- 2-5,8-9 addition and subtraction- 2 cancellationof - 4 converting to decimal fractions -8 division -4 expressed as percentage- 9 multiplication - 4 multiplication using cancellation -4 commutator, DC generator -392 compass, pencil - 544 compensating windings, AC series motors - 458 compound-woundDC generator - 395 compound-wound DC motors - 447 condenser, electrical 89 @nduction, thermal 257 conductors, electrical 276 cone-type fuel selector valve -87 connectors, plumbing- 103 constant-speeddrive, altemator-423-430 contaminants in fuel, solid - 79 contaminationcontrol -81 contamination,fuel system- 78-81 detection- 80 continuous curved-linegraph - 24 control cable- 143-144 fittings - 144 convection- 258 cqnversion customary to metric- 29 fractions, decimals, miuieters - 30 metric to conventional -28,298 temperature- 29,226 conversion table, metric system - 298 copper and copper alloys- 199.202-203 corrosion- 171-185 - - - - aluminurn alloys 177-178 control- 171 ' d i e t chemical attack -171 dissimilar metal - 172 electrochernical attack -172 factors affecting-173 ferrous metal -177 fretting -173 intergranular- 172 limits 180 magnesium alloys- 179-180 preventive maintenance- 173-174 protection against- 180 removal- 176 removal chart- 184 stress-172 surface- 172 titanium- 180 corrosion-proneareas -174-175 corrosion protection -180-185 Alodiziig -183 an&ing - 183 chromic acid inhibitor- 184 electroplating - 182 metal finishing- 181 metal spraying - 182 Parco Lubriziing - 183 s protective paint f l e 185 corrosion removal- 176.184 chart-184 cotter pin installation- 150 cotter pins - 145 counter EMF in a DC motor 447 countersinks- 541-542 cowling fasteners -142 Camloc- 142 Dzus -141 crossfeed-typefuel system- 93 crossfiling- 537 cube of a number -33 cube root of a number - 33 cube, volume of a - 21 nnrent, bleeder- 294 current flow, electrical- 272 cutting tools, plier-type- 530 cylinder-21-22 volume of a -21,22 cylinder displacement-22 Dalton's law - 230-231 D'Arsonval meters-322-331 damping, 324 sensitivity - 324 dash numbers, aircraft drawing 37 data sheets, weight and balance 71 datum - 54.55. 61.64 locations- 55 DC circuits- 286-296 parallel - 290 series- 286-289 sexies-parallel- 292 - - - - -
GENERAL INDEX DC generator - 387411 armature 391 m a t u r e reaction- 397 brush maintenance 405 commutator- 392 compound-wound 395 consrnction - 390-393 equalizer circuit -404-405 field control- 403 field frame- 390 inspection -404 maintenance-404411 operation 406 overvoltage control- 403 paralleling- 403 negative lead paralleling -403 positive lead paralleling- 403404 ratings- 398 series-wound-394 shunt-wound- 394 terminals 398 theory of operation 387 three-wire 396 troubleshooting- 408411 types - 394-396 voltage regulation 398 voltage regulator operation- 407 DC motor-438451 armature assembly 4 4 4 4 5 compound-wound 447 construction -4 4 4 4 5 controlling motor speed - 448 counter EMF- 447 developing torque 440 end frame- 445 energy losses - 450 field assembly- 445 force between parallel conductors - 439 reversing motor direction- 448 series-wound- 445 shunt-wound- 446 types of 4 4 5 4 7 decimal fractions- 5-9 addition -5 converting to common fractions - 7 division 6 expressed as percentage- 9 multiplication- 6 rounding off -7 subtraction -S denominator, least common- 3 density - 28,222,238 atmospheric- 238 detail drawings-35 detail view, aircraft drawing- 39,41 detection, contamination in fuel - 80 detonation-74-75 Deutsch rivet- 162 dew point- 240 diagrams -4649 installation- 46.47 - - - . - - - - - - - - schematic- 46,48 types of -46 diamagnetic material 302 dielectric- 89 dielectric constant, capacitor- 348 dielectric strength, capacitor- 351 differential relay switch - 402 Dill rivet -162 diode- 367.370-380 junction - 375 semiconductor- 370,375 vacuum tube- 367 e n er 371 disk-type valve -87 dissimilar metal corrosion -172 distance-volume relationship in hydraulicsystem dividers- 544 drafting instruments, care of -50 drawfiling-537 drawing - 35-52 aircraft - 35.39 assembly- 35 break lines 45 care and use of -36 center lines- 43 cutting plane lines 45 dash numbers - 37 detail -35 detail view - 39-41 diiensioning holes 45 dimension limes- 43 exterior half-view-41 finish marks -38 half section - 40.42 hidden lines -45 installation- 36 leader lines 45 meaning of lines - 42.44 notes - 38 number- 37 one-view 41 orthographic projection- 39 outline or visible lines -45 phantom lines - 45 pictorial - 39 print number - 37 reading of 45 reference number-37 removed section -42,43 revolved section - 42.43 sectioning lines -45 sectional view -40 sketches - 49 station numbers - 38 stitch limes 45 symbols - 50 title blocks 36 tolerances 39 viewing plane lines - 45 working -35 zone numbers -38 .' - - - - - - -
GENERAL INDEX drills -538541,549 sharpening - 541 size chart -540 speed chart-549 twist drills- 538 drive screws 136 dye-penetrant inspection -477479 false indications 478 interpretation of results - 478 DZUSfasteners -141 eddy current testing - 485 elastic stop nut -128 electrical circuits - 274-297,315-320,332-338,352,358. See ako AC circuits; DC circuits analysis and troubleshooting - 332-338 components and symbols- 274 conductors- 276 protection and control devices -315 sources of power -275 troubleshooting- 332-338 voltage dividers- 294 electrical components 276-282,296-297,315-320,358,365-373 circuit breakers-317 fuses-317 magnetic amplifiers- 364-365 Microswitch -319 potentiometer- 296 relay 319 resistor - 277-282 rheostat- 296 saturablereactors --365 switches- 317-318 thermal protectors- 317 transformers-358-364 tran istors-369-373 vacuum tubes- 366-369 electrical connectors, safetying -147 electrical current effect 320-322 chemical -320 electromagnetic- 321 photoelectric-321 physiological- 321 piezoelectric-322 thermal -322 electrical instruments 320-332.380-386 AC-380-386 AC rectifier type-381 ammeters -322 D'Arsonval type- 322 DC - 320 electrodynamometerammeters -3 1 electrodynamometertype- 381 electrodynamometer voltmeters- 382 ' frequency meters - 385 lineclcoil iron-vane type- 383 moving iron-vane type -382 multimeters- 325-326 ohmmeters -329 thermocoupletype 384 varmeters- 384 vibrating reed frequency meters -385 - - - - - - - voltmeters- 327-329.334.382 wattmeters -384 electrical power, ground support- 495 electrical resistor color code -279-281 electrical symbols - 5 4 5 2 electricity. static- 268,269 el4ynamometer ammeters -381 38 1 meter moveme* voltmeters- 382 electromagnetic effect of electrical cment -321 electromagnetism- 303-306 electromotive force- 271 electronic filters -378-380 electron movement - 267,272 electroplating - 183 electrostatic field - 269-271 EMF, counter, in a DC motor - 447 empty weight - 53.56.63. 71 empty-weight center of graviv - 56-57,59,63-64.71 range -57,59 end frame, DC motor-445 energy 249,253 definition -- 253 forms of - 253 engine fres, extinguishing -491 engine instrument, engine gage unit - 92 engine starting - 489-495 reciprocating engines -489 turbojet engines-492-495 turboprop engines 491492 English measurement system- 27,223 English-metric measurement comparison- 223 entrained water- 78 equalizer circuit, DC generator- 404405 equation of state of gases -241 ethyl gasoline- 75 expansion, thermal- 260 expansion space, fuel tanks -82 extinguishingengine fires - 491 extreme conditions, weight and balance -65 eyebolt- 123 Federal Air Regulations- 94,465 ferrous m e d corrosion - 177 field assembly, DC motor - 445 field control, DC generator- 403 field frame, DC generator - 390 fields, magnetic -304 files- 536-538 care of - 538 flat - 536 half-round- 537 knife- 537 mill 536 rattail - 536 round - 536 square-536 warding -537 wood -537 f n g 537 crossfiing - 537 - " - - . - -
GENERAL INDEX drawfiling -537 lathe filing - 537 removing burrs - 537 routlding corners - 537 film processing , radiographic inspection- 479 filter, metallic- 79 filters, electronic- 378-380 fr
aircraft drawings - 35-39 bill of materials - 37,38 dash numbers - 37 types of -39 aircraft electrical system, combined AC and DC - 415 aircraft fre extinguishers - 503 aircraft flight manual - 54 aircraft logs - 463 , aircraft movement - 517-523 taxi hand signals - 520-523 taxiing - 519 taxi light signals - 520 towing - 517
This Aviation Mechanic General, Airframe, and Powerplant Practical Test Standards book has been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for the Aviation Mechanic General, Airframe and Powerplant Oral and Practical Tests. The passing of each oral and practical test is a required
Airframe and Powerplant 2A551 43151, 43152, 43153, 45353, 45750, 45752 Aerospace Maintenance Journeyman Airframe and Powerplant 2A571 43171, 43172, 43173, 45373, 45770, 45772 Aerospace Maintenance Craftsman Airframe and Powerplant 2A552 43150, 45751 Helicopter/Tiltrotor Mainte
Aviation Mechanic Airframe Practical Test Standards (Changes 1 and 2) September 29, 2015 FAA-S-8081-28A Aviation Mechanic Powerplant Practical Test Standards (Change 1) April 27, 2015 FAA-S-ACS-1 Aviation Maintenance Technician – General
Federal Aviation Administration . Aviation Maintenance Technician - General, Airframe, and Powerplant . The final version of the AMT ACS is expected to be effective June 2020. How may I provide feedback? Provide comments to . afs630comments@faa.gov by . May 31, 2018. . Chapter 447 is the foundation for the FAA's safety regulations. The .
airframe supports side by side for the lengths of the airframe support that overlap. If the stabilizer foot will interfere with the previous Airframe support, turn the support 180 degrees. When installing the last airframe supports in any column,
to airframe fatigue damage limitation. When delivering the material concerned with construction methods in learning outcome 2, tutors should emphasise the modular nature of the construction of the whole airframe and how the major airframe components are assembled. Examples should al
The Airframe technology development is performed within the VSR&T project. The focus herein is the Airframe technology development. (As a result of NASA’s refocus on exploration, the ISTP has been modified, and the Airframe subproject, as well as much of NGLT, has been cancelled effective the end of FY04.)
aircraft are discussed first. Next, the key features of the aerodynamic airframe design are outlined, elucidating how a step change in noise reduction and enhanced aerodynamic performance are achieved. The evolution of the airframe design along with the characteristics of three generations of designs is briefly summarized. The airframe design
