Hager-richter Consultants In Geolog &Y Geophysics 8 Industria Waly D1 .
2-71 001 HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. CONSULTANTS IN GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS 8 INDUSTRIAL WAY - D10 SALEM NEW HAMPSHIRE 03079 TELEPHONE i603) 893-9944 / (617) 647-1546 FAX (617) 893-8313 GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY BURGESS BROTHERS LANDFILL SITE WOODFORD AND BENNINGTON, VERMONT O *4016* SDMS DOC ID 4016
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY BURGESS BROTHERS LANDFILL SITE WOODFORD AND BENNINGTON, VERMONT Prepared for: O'Brien & Gere Engineers, Inc. 100 Summer Street - Suite 2904 Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Prepared by: Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc. 8 Industrial Way - D10 Salem, New Hampshire 03079 File 91D44 January, 1992
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January, 1992 0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc. conducted a reconnaissance ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey at the Burgess Brothers Landfill Site, Woodford and Bennington, Vermont for O'Brien & Gere Engineers, Inc. in January, 1992. The geophysical survey is part of a Limited Field Investigation (LFI) at the Site by O'Brien & Gere for the Burgess Brothers Superfund Site Steering Committee. The Site, a privately owned landfill located in a rural area, is on the National Priorities List. The objective of the survey was to help characterize subsur face conditions at the Site. In particular, O'Brien & Gere was interested in obtaining information, if possible, about stratigraphic trends in the overburden, locations of objects within the landfill, depth and lateral extent of the landfill, and depth of bedrock. The GPR survey was conducted in several portions of the sandy area within the area covered by the topographic survey for the LFI: an open level area covering the main area of the landfill, a limited area near a former disposal trench on the southern side of the landfill, a forested area abutting the west ide of the landfill, a narrow plateau south of toe of the landfill, and a marsh area southeast of the landfill. Reconnais sance traverses were made in other accessible areas adjacent to the landfill also. The GPR survey consisted of thirty traverses with total length of 4800 feet. The results of the GPR survey are summarized as follows: 1. The approximate lateral extent (200 feet by 225 feet) of the landfill can be defined on the basis of the GPR records, but the thickness of the landfill cannot be determined reliably because the GPR signal did not penetrate the landfill suffi ciently. The lack of penetration could be due either to clay in the cover soils or conductive materials in the landfill itself. The locations of a few scattered, shallow metal objects of undetermined identity were noted, but be cause penetration of the GPR signal in the landfill itself was relatively poor, the GPR data cannot be relied upon to have located all buried metal objects in the landfill.
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 2. To the north and west of the landfill, the natural sands are relatively flat-lying. An irregular stratigraphic boundary at a depth of about 20 to 45 feet on the west side of the landfill possibly indicates the contact of the sand with till. 3. A narrow plateau south of the toe of the landfill appears to consist of undisturbed natural sands, possibly underlain by till at an approximate depth of 30 feet. 4. The marsh to the southeast of the landfill is characterized by flat-lying, undisturbed sediments. A stratigraphic bound ary at a depth of about 12 to 15 feet might represent a con tact with till. 5. The depth of bedrock could not be determined on the basis of the GPR records. - 11
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January, 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1 2. Equipment and Procedures 2.1 General 2.1.1 Field Work 2.1.2 Interpretation 2.2 Site Specific 2 2 2 2 3 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 General 3.2 Landfill Area 3.3 Areas Adjacent to Landfill 3.4 Plateau Area 3.4 Marsh Area 4 4 4 5 5 6 4. Conclusions 7 FIGURES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Site Location GPR System Site Sketch GPR record for Line B 80 GPR record for Line 6 00 PLATE 1. GPR Survey - 111
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 1. INTRODUCTION Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc. conducted a ground penetrat ing radar (GPR) survey at the Burgess Brothers Landfill Site, Woodford and Bennington, Vermont in January, 1992 for O'Brien & Gere Engineers, Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts. The geophysical survey is part of a Limited Field Investigation (LFI) of the Site by O'Brien & Gere to develop a plan for the Phase I Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study for the Burgess Brothers Superfund Site Steering Committee. The Burgess Brothers Landfill Site is a 60-acre property lo cated in a rural area in the Towns of Woodford and Bennington, Vermont. Figure 1 shows the general location of the Site. The landfill itself is located on the west flank of Harmon Hill and is currently a relatively level, graded area of about 1 acre. Thickly wooded hilly areas occur to the north and west and a steep slope down to a marshy area is present to the south and east of the graded area. The objective of the survey was to help characterize subsur face conditions in the sandy area within the area covered by the topographic survey for the LFI. In particular, O'Brien & Gere was interested in obtaining information, if possible, about stratigraphic trends in the overburden, locations of objects within the landfill, depth and lateral extent of the landfill, and depth of bedrock. Hager-Richter personnel were on Site January 6 - 8 , 1992. The weather conditions were clear and cold, and although the ground was frozen, no significant snow cover was present during the field effort. Jeffrey Reid and Roger Yang conducted the GPR survey. The field operations were coordinated with Mr. Richard Stromberg of O'Brien & Gere and were observed by Mr. Robert MacLean of O'Brien & Gere. Ms. Sheila Eckman of the US EPA ob served a portion of the field work on January 6, and Ms. Heather Vick of Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. observed the field work on January 7. All field operations were conducted under Level D personal protection. The GPR data were analyzed at the Hager-Richter of fices. Original data and field notes will be retained in the Hager-Richter files for at least three years. 1 *
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 2. 2.1 EQUIPMENT AMD PROCEDURES General 2.1.1 Field Work. A Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. Model SIR-3:VDU-38 ground penetrating radar system was used for this The system consists of an electronics unit, power survey. supply, graphic recorder, color video display unit and transmitting/receiving antenna. The sketch in Figure 2 shows the basic operation of the GPR system. The transmit/receive antenna is housed in a box that is moved across the surface. The antenna transmits electromagnetic signals into the subsurface and then detects, amplifies, and displays reflections of the signals in real-time on a graphic recorder and a color video display unit. The result is a radar record of the subsurface. The data are also recorded on a tape recorder for later computer processing and detailed interpretation. The maximum depth of penetration of the GPR signal and the resolution of the reflections are controlled in part by the fre quency of the antenna used and in part by the electrical properties of the subsurface. The total time during which radar signals are recorded can be varied from a few to 1,000 nanoseconds (nsec). However, there is a trade-off between total time, corresponding to depth range, and resolution. As the total time of recording is increased, the resolution of the GPR records decreases. For a given site, the total time window is set to detect features located somewhat below the maximum expected tar get depths. 2.1.2 Interpretation. The horizontal axis of a GPR record represents distance across the surface and the vertical axis rep resents round-trip travel time of the radar signal. The roundtrip travel time can be converted to approximate depth by cor relating with reflections from targets of known depth or by using handbook values of velocities for materials in the subsurface. For those sites where the subsurface is electrically heterogeneous, the travel times of the radar signal may be dif ferent in the various materials, and the vertical scale for the radar records is not necessarily uniform with depth. The maximum depth to which GPR signals can penetrate depends on the electrical properties of the subsurface materials. The higher the electrical conductivity of the subsurface materials, the lower the radar signal penetration. The presence of clay - 2
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 minerals in the subsurface, for example, attenuates the GPR sig nal, so reflections are not received from materials below a clay layer. The reflections in a GPR record are produced by spatial changes in the physical properties (e.g., type of material, sub surface fluids, porosity, etc.) and related changes in the electrical properties (dielectric constant) of the subsurface materials in the path of the signals. The greater the difference in electrical properties is between two materials in the subsur face, the higher amplitude the reflection observed on the GPR record. The size, shape, and amplitude of the GPR reflections are the characteristics that are considered in the interpretation of the data from any site. Metal objects, such as drums and USTs, have electrical properties very different from the soils in which they are buried; they thus produce GPR reflections with high amplitude and distinctive shapes that permit identification of the objects with a high degree of reliability. Most other ob jects, although readily detectable, require "ground truth" for identification. Only excavations provide positive identification for most such objects identified in GPR surveys. 2.2 Site Specific The GPR data for the Burgess Brothers Landfill Site were re corded with either a 120 MHz or a 300 MHz antenna. The instru ment settings were adjusted to record data for reflections from the maximum penetration of the signal. Thus, the time window used to record data varied from 300 nsec to 500 nsec, depending on local conditions. The locations of all GPR traverses were agreed upon with the O'Brien & Gere site representative. Thirty GPR traverses total ing about 4800 feet of survey were made. The GPR traverses were oriented and numbered with respect to a survey grid staked for O'Brien & Gere by Foresight Land Services. In the level open area of the landfill, north-south traverses spaced 20 feet apart were made. Cross traverses were made at approximately 100 foot intervals. Additional reconnaissance traverses were made to the north and west of the landfill area, where access was possible. The GPR antenna was towed behind a vehicle for several of the traverses on the landfill, and was pulled by hand for all other traverses. - 3
HAGER-RiCHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 3. 3.l RESULTS AMD DISCUSSION General Figure 3 is a sketch of the Site showing the general loca tions of the areas discussed below. The locations of all GPR traverses are shown on Plate 1. GPR is a geophysical technique that is variable (i.e., site specific) in the quality of the data produced. The general quality of the GPR records for the Burgess Brothers Landfill Site is good. Apparent GPR signal penetration varied somewhat with surface conditions and changes in subsurface materials. At the time of survey, the ground was frozen, but no significant snow cover was present. In general, apparent GPR sig nal penetration was deeper for areas off the landfill. .1.2 Landfill Area Most of the landfill area was reportedly capped and graded, to some extent using local soils. At the time of survey, the ground surface in the landfill area was a generally level, open area. At the southern part of the landfill area, a snow fence enclosed a partially filled disposal trench and small lagoon. The 120 MHz antenna and a 300 nsec time window were used for the GPR survey in the landfill area. The antenna was towed be hind our field vehicle for most of the traverses. Traverses in side the snow fence were made by hand-pulling the antenna. GPR signal penetration on the landfill itself was variable, but relatively poor. Apparent signal penetration ranges from about 60 nsec to over 250 nsec for an area adjacent to the access road. In the center of the landfill area, signal penetration was shallow. Signal penetration increases toward the northern, southern and western parts of the landfill area. We infer that the attenuation of the GPR signal is due to either the presence of clay in the capping soils on the landfill or the presence of conductive materials in the landfill itself. GPR reflections from the bottom of the landfill are not iden tifiable in the records for that area, so the GPR data cannot be used to determine the depth of fill. The lateral extent of fill, as shown on Plate 1, is defined at the transition from poor GPR signal penetration to better GPR signal penetration. An example - 4
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 of the transition along Line B 80 is shown in Figure 3. Based on the GPR signature, the landfill itself appears to be about 225 feet long and slightly more than 200 feet wide. A few GPR signatures characteristic of metal objects are present in the records. The locations of the objects are noted by small x's on Plate 1. Most of the objects appear to be lo cated within a few feet of the surface. Their identities cannot be determined on the basis of the GPR data alone. Because ap parent penetration of the GPR signal in the landfill was poor, the GPR data should not be relied upon alone for identifying the location of all buried metal objects in the landfill. 3.3 Areas Adjacent to Landfill Several GPR traverses were made across the boundary from the landfill to natural ground on the north and west sides of the landfill. The traverses were made with the 300 MHz antenna using a 500 nsec time window. A large dirt pile on the north side of the access road limited the GPR survey to two traverses on either side of the pile. On the west side of the landfill, traverses were made in the woods where sufficiently clear lines were available. The terrain on the south and east sides of the landfill was too steeply sloping to traverse safely. The areas to the north and west of the landfill are heavily wooded and gently decrease in elevation. Based on discussions with O'Brien & Gere and observations in the field, the overburden consists of well sorted fine sands, generally an excellent medium for the transmission of the GPR signal. Apparent penetration of the GPR signal in the natural sands increased to over 350 nsec, or about 40 feet. Figure 4 is an example of a GPR record showing the transition from landfill to natural ground. A consistent moderate amplitude reflection in the GPR records that we at tribute to the water table is present at an approximate depth of 20 feet for the area immediately west of the landfill. Faint in dications of crossbedding are present in the GPR records for the sand section, but most of the reflections in the sand section are relatively flat-lying. The GPR records for lines B 80 and D 30 contain an ir regular, low amplitude reflection toward the bottom of the records. We infer that the irregularly shaped reflector at depths of about 20 to 45 represents a stratigraphic boundary, possibly to till or bedrock. Till has been reported to be ex - 5
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 posed on slopes to the east of the landfill and has been reported in boring logs; thus the reflector is tentatively identified as till. 3.4 Plateau Area Several GPR traverses were made on a small plateau south of the toe of the landfill. The narrow plateau was wooded with little undergrowth and a consistent north to south slope. The 300 MHz antenna was hand pulled and a 400 nsec time window was used for these traverses. The GPR signal penetration in this small area was excellent, he subsurface materials appear to be undisturbed natural sands. A very clear reflection from the water table is present in the GPR records for this area (Figure 5) at about 80 nsec, or about 10 to 12 feet depth. GPR signal penetration is attenuated be tween 200 and 300 nsec (30 feet), possibly by the till reported to occur in the area. No other consistent, correlatable reflec tions are present in the GPR records. There is no evidence of a bedrock reflector in the GPR records for this area. 3.5 Marsh Area In the marsh area to the southeast of the landfill, GPR traverses were made by hand pulling the 300 MHz antenna. The ground surface in the marsh was frozen and flat. Water table ap peared to be at or just below the ground surface. Fallen trees and other forest debris were present in the survey area, limiting access for straight lines of traverse. The GPR records for the marsh area are characterized by fairly flat continuous reflections, interpreted to indicate undis turbed ground. A flat-lying reflector occurs at a depth of about 12 to 15 feet, below which the GPR signal is attenuated. We in fer that the reflector is a stratigraphic horizon, possibly a silty gravel layer reported in a nearby boring or the contact with till. There is no evidence of a bedrock reflector in the GPR records for this area. - 6
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January, 1992 4. CONCLUSIONS Based on the reconnaissance GPR survey at Brothers Landfill Site, we conclude the following: the Burgess 1. The approximate lateral extent of the landfill area is es timated to be about 225 feet by 200 feet on the basis of the GPR records, but the thickness of the landfill cannot be determined reliably because the GPR signal did not penetrate the landfill sufficiently. The lack of penetration could be due either to clay in the cover soils or conductive materials in the landfill itself. The locations of a few scattered, shallow metal objects of undetermined identity were noted, but because penetration of the GPR signal in the landfill itself was relatively poor, the GPR data cannot be relied upon to have located all buried metal objects in the landfill. 2. To the north and west of the landfill, the natural sands are relatively flat-lying. An irregular stratigraphic boundary at a depth of about 20 to 45 feet on the west side of the landfill possibly indicates the contact of the sand with till. 3. A narrow plateau south of the toe of the landfill appears to consist of undisturbed natural sands, possibly underlain by till at a depth of about 30 feet. 4. The marsh to the southeast of the landfill is characterized by flat-lying, undisturbed sediments. A stratigraphic bound ary at a depth of about 12 to 15 feet might represent the contact with till. 5. The depth of bedrock could not be determined on the basis of the GPR records. - 7
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 Site location. Figure 1. topographic quadrangle. Base map Bennington 15 - 8 USGS
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 COLOR VIDEO DISPLAY UNIT PULSE TRANSMITTER GROUND SURFACE TRANSMITTED PULSE REFLECTED PULSE TARGET Figure 2. The GPR system. - 9
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford & Bennington, Vermont File 91D44 January. 1992 UKTPILE LANDFILL ME. 200 Figure 3. Site sketch, showing grid coordinate system estab lished by O'Brien & Gere and general areas of GPR survey dis cussed in text. - 10
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etf i 2 oM&0 41 3 .—.» Large Dirt Pile LEGEND A 7 * GPR Traverse C Z I Z 2 Landfill —* oooooocoooo Property Line Stone Wall Fence Edge of Woodlands Brook Well X GPR Anomaly (Possible Metal Object) Grid Conventions Established by O'Brien k Gere GRAPHIC SCALE (IN FEET) 200 Baseplan modified from: FORESIGHT LAKDSSRVICgS. 1hch-50ft Plate 1 GPR Survey Burgess Brothers Landfill Site Woodford and Bennington, Vermont ftntiwffan Fhnnlnf Division of Brown Associates, Inc. Fe«rf*fat BuOdb* Plt«WM. MA 0UBQ1 M (413) 4W-JM0 File 91D44 January, 1992 HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCENCE, INC. 8 Industrial Way, D10 Salem, NH 03079
Transmittal OBRIEN5GERE 5000 Brittonfield Parkway / PO Box 4873 / Syracuse, NY 13221 / (315) 437-6100 FAX (315) 463-7554 TO 0V RcwU -Te nm J We are sending you A herewith File *,-7 / under separate cover drawings descriptive literature . letters Title Identifying Number Quan i Date Action' LPT 'Action lettercode R-reviewed S-resubmit N-reviewed and noted J-rejected l-for your information Y-for your approval Remarks If material received is not as listed please notify us at once cc Rob Very truly yours, O Brien & Gere Engineers Inc sAjts-- yf
HAGER-RICHTER GEOSCIENCE, INC. GROUND PENETRATIN RADAG R SURVEY BURGESS BROTHERS LANDFILL SITE WOODFORD AND BENNINGTON VERMON, T. Prepared for: O'Brien & Gere Engineers, Inc. 100 Summer Street - Suite 2904 Boston, Massachusetts 02110. Prepared by: Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc . 8 Industria Wal y - D10 Salem, New Hampshire 03079. File 91D44 .
9.6: Photographer unknown, Hans Richter, Sergei Eisenstein, and Man Ray in Paris, 1929 263 9.7: Photographer unknown, Hans Richter, Robert J. Flaherty, and Joris Ivens in New York, 1944 270 9.8: Photographer unknown, Hans Richter at City College, New York, 1956 271 9.9: Photographer unknown, Hans Arp and Hans Richter in the Ticino, c. 1963 273 x
hager reserves the right to make design changes without notice. call hager engineering at 1-800-325-9995 for the latest revision date of template. primary dimensions shown in inches, dimensions in [ ] are millimeters.-4 7/8" 124 2 15/16" 74 1 15/16" 49 weight: 1.62 3800 johnston esc (catalog)-material not specified - 1/1/2008 - --sheet 1 of 1 .File Size: 1MB
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