Primary And Secondary Sources - History Makes Men Wise
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources The car rider line is always busy after school. Pretend an accident happens in the line today. Susan Jones hits the back of Bob Edwards’ car. The principal Mr. Walters happens to be looking out his window. He sees the cars bump. He runs out as soon as he sees it. A police officer comes to your school to check out the accident. Who should he talk to about it? He has a few options. He can talk to Susan Jones, Bob Edwards, or Mr. Walters. Each of these people would be primary sources or eyewitnesses. They all saw the actual event. They were all part of the action. A primary source is information that is created at the time of the event. It is an original source of information. The police officer will have to write a report on the accident. The report won’t be a primary source. The officer didn’t see it happen. So, his report will be a secondary source. A secondary source is created after an event has happened. These sources give a different view than primary sources. Primary sources share the view of people who experienced the event. These sources show their feelings and opinions. Historians study primary sources. They summarize what they find. They add other information they know about the event or people involved. Then, they make secondary sources. It is helpful to look at both primary sources and secondary sources. This will help you understand what actually happened. Studying primary sources is powerful. Read a soldier’s diary about World War II. It will tell a different story than an article written about the war. Look at pictures from Civil Rights Movement marches. They will tell a different story than a book about the marches. Read a letter from a doctor who was there when President Lincoln died. It will tell a different story than an article about how Lincoln died. Primary sources are important. The people who are part of the event in history create them. Real people make primary sources. They add their opinions and feelings. It is best to look at more than one primary source. This will help you see all sides. For example, imagine studying the Civil War. Reading a Union soldier’s letters to his wife would give you one side of the war. You should also read a Confederate soldier’s letters, too. The letters would tell different stories. Examples of primary sources: -Diaries and letters -Newspapers and magazine articles -Speeches and interviews S-Government documents and records (driver’s license, passport, birth certificates) -Photographs, maps, and advertisements -Songs, plays, music, films, and novels -Paintings and drawings Word Count: 451 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 48
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Examples of secondary sources: -Biographies and textbooks -Book reviews and art reviews Primary sources are important. They teach us about events in history. The information we know about the past comes from primary sources. Primary sources help us travel back in time. Secondary sources help us understand primary sources. Studying both primary and secondary sources is the best way to understand history. Word Count: 451 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 49
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources The car rider line is a busy place at the end of the school day. Imagine that a car accident takes place in the pickup line this afternoon. Susan Jones’ van accidentally hits the back of Bob Edwards’ truck. The principal Mr. Walters runs out as soon as the accident happens. He happened to be looking out the window and saw it all happen. When the police officer arrives at your school to write an accident report, who should he talk to in order to understand what happened? He has several options. He can talk to Susan Jones, Bob Edwards, or Mr. Walters. Each of these people would be primary sources or eyewitnesses. They all saw the actual event and were part of the action. A primary source is a source of information that is created at the time of the event. It is an original source of information. After the wreck clears away, the police officer will return to his station. He will then write a report on the accident. The report won’t be a primary source because the officer wasn’t there for the event. His report will be a secondary source. A secondary source is a source of information that is created after an event has occurred. These sources give different perspectives than primary sources. Primary sources share the view of the people who experienced the event. These sources show the feelings and opinions of witnesses. Historians study primary sources and summarize what they find. They use what they find to make secondary sources. Historians add more information about the time period or the people who were involved in the event. It is helpful to look at both primary sources and secondary sources when studying history. This will help you understand what actually happened. Studying primary sources is powerful. A diary entry from a World War II soldier would teach you a lot about the war. It would be much different than an article written by a professor about the war. Photographs from Civil Rights Movement marches would show you a lot about the time period. They would be much different than a book about the marches. A letter from a doctor who was there when President Lincoln died would help you feel like you were there. The letter is much different than an article about how the president died. Primary sources are important. The people who participated in history create them. Remember that real people create primary sources. They usually add their opinions and feelings. It is best to look at more than one primary source so you can see all sides. For example, imagine studying the Civil War. Reading a Union soldier’s letters to his wife would give you one side of the war. You should also read a Confederate soldier’s letters to his wife, too. The letters would tell different stories about the same event. One primary source can’t completely capture an entire event. Word Count: 556 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 50
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Examples of primary sources: -Diaries and letters -Newspapers and magazine articles -Speeches and interviews -Government documents and records (driver’s license, passport, birth certificates) -Photographs, maps, and advertisements -Songs, plays, music, films, and novels -Paintings and drawings Examples of secondary sources: -Biographies and textbooks -Book reviews and art reviews Primary sources are important. They show us a lot about events in history. The information we know about the past comes from primary sources. We can’t really travel back in time, but primary sources can help us do that in a way. Secondary sources can help us understand primary sources. Studying both primary and secondary sources is the best way to understand a historical event. Word Count: 556 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 51
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Pickup time in the car rider line at the end of the school day is a busy time. Imagine that a small car accident takes place in the pickup line this afternoon. Susan Jones’ van accidentally rear ends Bob Edwards’ truck. Mr. Walters, the principal, comes running outside as soon as the accident happens. He happened to be looking out the window when the accident occurred. When the police officer arrives at your school to write an accident report, who should he talk to in order to understand what happened? He has several options to choose from. He can talk to Susan Jones, Bob Edwards, or Mr. Walters. Each of these people would be primary sources or eyewitnesses because they were present during the actual event and were part of the action. A primary source is a source of information that is created at the time of the event. It is an original source of information. After the wreck clears away, the police officer will return to his station to write a report on the accident. The report won’t be a primary source because the officer wasn’t there when the event occurred. Instead, his report will be a secondary source. A secondary source is a source of information that is created after an event has occurred. These sources offer different perspectives than primary sources. Primary sources share perspectives from people who experienced the event. These sources are helpful because they show the feelings, opinions, and emotions of witnesses. People analyze primary sources and summarize what they find to make secondary sources. Historians usually write secondary sources. They help readers understand events in history. They add additional information that they know about the time period or people who were involved in the event. It is helpful to look at both primary sources and secondary sources when studying history. This will give you the clearest picture of what actually took place. Studying primary sources is powerful. A diary entry from a World War II soldier is different than an article written by a professor about the war. Photographs from Civil Rights Movement marches are much different than a book about the marches. A letter from a doctor who was there when President Lincoln died is much different than an article about how the president died. Primary sources are important. The people who participated in history create them. Remember that real people with opinions and feelings created primary sources. To get a clear picture of what happened, it is best to look at more than one primary source. For example, imagine studying the Civil War through a Union soldier’s letters to his wife. His picture of the war would be much different than a Confederate soldier’s view of the war. It would be most helpful to study letters from both soldiers. They would both tell different stories about the same event. One primary source can’t completely capture an entire event. Word Count: 600 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 52
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Examples of primary sources: -Diaries and letters -Newspapers and magazine articles -Speeches and interviews -Government documents and records (driver’s license, passport, birth certificates) -Photographs, maps, and advertisements -Songs, plays, music, films, and novels -Paintings and drawings Examples of secondary sources: -Biographies and textbooks -Book reviews and art reviews Primary sources are important. They reveal a great deal about events in history. We know what we know about the past because of primary sources. Although we can’t travel back in time, primary sources help us understand what happened in the past. Secondary sources can help us understand primary sources. Studying both primary and secondary sources is the best way to understand a historical event. Word Count: 600 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 53
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Pickup time in the car rider line at the end of the school day is always one of the busiest times of the day. Imagine that a car accident takes place in the pickup line in front of your school this afternoon. Susan Jones’ van accidentally rear ends Bob Edwards’ truck. Mr. Walters, the principal, comes running outside as soon as the accident takes place. He saw the accident occur. When the police officer arrives at your school, who should he talk to in order to understand what happened in the accident? He has several options to choose from. He can talk to Susan Jones, Bob Edwards, or Mr. Walters. Each of these people would be primary sources or eyewitnesses. They were present during the actual event. They were part of the action. A primary source is an artifact, document, or other source of information that is created at the time of the event. It is a source of original information. After the wreck clears away and students go home for the day, the police officer will return to his station to write a report on the accident. The report won’t be a primary source because the officer wasn’t there for the event. Instead, his report will be a secondary source. A secondary source is an artifact, document, or other source of information that is created after an event has occurred. These sources offer different perspectives than primary sources. Primary sources offer insights and perspectives about events from those who experienced the event firsthand. These sources are helpful because they reveal the feelings, opinions, and emotions of witnesses. Secondary sources are created by people who analyze primary sources. These people summarize what the primary source says. Secondary sources are often written or compiled by historians or experts. They help readers understand events in history by adding additional information that they know about. Some of the information they might add includes the time period when the event took place or the people who were involved in the event. It is helpful to read both primary sources and secondary sources when studying history. This will allow you to get the clearest picture of what actually took place. If you really want to experience an event from history, you should study primary sources. These sources were created by eyewitnesses. Reading a primary source diary entry from a World War II soldier is much different than reading a secondary source article about World War II. Looking at photographs from famous marches that took place during the Civil Rights Movement is much different than reading a book about these important marches. Reading a letter from a doctor who was there when President Lincoln died is much different than reading an article that explains how the president died. Primary sources are important because they were created by the people who actually witnessed events in history. Keep in mind that primary sources were created by real people with opinions, emotions, and feelings. It is best to look at multiple primary sources. This will help you get the most accurate account of an event. For example, imagine trying to study the Civil War by reading a Union soldier’s letters to his wife. His picture of the war would be much different than a Confederate soldier’s letters to his wife. It would be most helpful to study both letters. Word Count: 741 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 54
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources They both tell different stories about the same event. One single primary source can’t possibly capture an entire event fairly, completely, and accurately. There are lots of primary sources that document different events and time periods in history. Here are a few examples of primary sources: -Diaries and letters -Newspapers and magazine articles -Speeches and interviews -Government documents and records (driver’s license, passport, birth certificates) -Photographs, maps, and advertisements -Songs, plays, music, films, and novels -Paintings and drawings Here are a few examples of secondary sources: -Biographies and textbooks -Book reviews and art reviews Primary sources play an important role in teaching us about history. We know what we know about the past because of primary sources. Although we can’t travel back in time, we can use primary sources to help us understand what happened. Secondary sources are helpful in interpreting primary sources. They help us piece primary sources together. This gives us a clearer picture of what happened in an event. Considering both primary and secondary sources is the best approach to helping you experience and understand a historical event Word Count: 741 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 55
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Pickup time in the car rider line at the end of the school day is always one of the busiest times of the day. Imagine that a minor car accident takes place in the pickup line in front of your school this afternoon. Susan Jones’ van accidentally rear ends Bob Edwards’ truck in front of it. Mr. Walters, the principal, comes running outside as soon as the accident takes place. He happened to be looking out the window when the accident occurred. When the police officer arrives at your school to write an accident report, who should he talk to in order to understand what happened in the accident? He has several options to choose from. He can talk to Susan Jones, Bob Edwards, or Mr. Walters. Each of these people would be primary sources or eyewitnesses because they were present during the actual event and were part of the action. A primary source is an artifact, document, or other source of information that is created at the time of the event and is a source of original information. After the wreck clears away and students go home for the day, the police officer will return to his station to write a report on the accident. The report won’t be a primary source because the officer wasn’t there for the event. Instead, his report will be a secondary source about the wreck. A secondary source is an artifact, document, or other source of information that is created after an event has occurred. These sources offer different perspectives than primary sources. Primary sources offer insights and perspectives about events from those who experienced the event firsthand. These sources are helpful because they reveal the feelings, opinions, and emotions of witnesses. Secondary sources are created by people who analyze and interpret primary sources and summarize what the primary source reveals. Secondary sources are often written or compiled by historians or experts. They help readers understand events in history by adding additional information that they know about the time period or about the people who were involved in the event. It is beneficial to consult both primary sources and secondary sources when studying history to get the clearest picture of what actually took place. If you really want to experience an event from history, studying primary sources is most powerful. These sources were created firsthand by eyewitnesses. Reading a primary source diary entry from a World War II soldier is much different than reading a secondary source article that a professor wrote about World War II. Looking at photographs from famous marches that took place during the Civil Rights Movement is much different than reading a book about these important marches. Reading a letter from a doctor who was present when President Lincoln died is much different than reading an article that explains how the president died. Primary sources are important because they were created by the people who actually participated in or witnessed events in history. Keep in mind that primary sources were created or captured by real people with opinions, emotions, and feelings. To get the most accurate account of an event, it is best to look at multiple primary sources. For example, imagine trying to study the Civil War through a Word Count: 757 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 56
ALL ABOUT SOCIAL STUDIES Primary and Secondary Sources Union soldier’s letters to his wife. His picture of the war would be much different than a Confederate soldier’s letters to his wife. It would be most helpful to study both letters because they both tell different stories about the same event. One single primary source can’t possibly capture an entire event fairly, completely, and accurately. There are countless primary sources that document different events and time periods in history. Here are a few examples of primary sources: -Diaries and letters -Newspapers and magazine articles -Speeches and interviews -Government documents and records (driver’s license, passport, birth certificates) -Photographs, maps, and advertisements -Songs, plays, music, films, and novels -Paintings and drawings Here are a few examples of secondary sources: -Biographies and textbooks -Book reviews and art reviews Primary sources play an important role in revealing more about important events in history. We know what we know about the past because of primary sources. Although we can’t travel back in time to witness events, we can use primary sources to help us understand what did happen. Secondary sources are helpful in interpreting primary sources and putting them together to give a clear picture of what happened in an event. Considering both primary and secondary sources is the best approach to helping you experience and understand a historical event. Word Count: 757 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 57
Name TEXT-BASED EVIDENCE QUESTIONS Primary and Secondary Sources Directions: Answer these questions after you read the passage. Remember to begin your answer by restating part of the question, use direct evidence from the text, and explain your thinking. KEY IDEAS & DETAILS 1. According to the first two paragraphs of the text, who are the primary sources of the accident? RI.1 2. Explain why the police officer’s report is a secondary source. RI.3 3. Explain how historians use primary sources. RI.3 4. Explain why it is important to look at multiple primary sources. RI.3 5. List an example of a primary source and a secondary source for an event in history. RI.2 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 73
Name TEXT-BASED EVIDENCE QUESTIONS Primary and Secondary Sources Directions: Answer these questions after you read the passage. Remember to begin your answer by restating part of the question, use direct evidence from the text, and explain your thinking. CRAFT & STRUCTURE 6. Explain the meaning of the term “secondary source." RI.4 7. How is the passage organized? (Chronological, cause/effect, comparison/contrast, description, problem/solution). Use evidence from the text to explain your answer. RI.5 INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE & IDEAS 8. What is the key idea that the author wants readers to understand from this text? Use evidence from the text to support your reasoning. RI.8 Teaching is the Sweetest Thing 74
Primary sources share the view of the people who experienced the event. These sources show the feelings and opinions of witnesses. Historians study primary sources and summarize what they find. They use what they find to make secondary sources. Historians add more information about the time period or the people who were involved in the event. .
Historians put sources into two categories: Primary Sources and Secondary Sources. Think about the author of the source to figure out if a source is primary or secondary. What is a Primary Source? Primary sources are connected to your topic by time or participation. Primary sources were: Created during the time of the event, or
Lower Secondary Upper Secondary Primary Secondary 4,621,930 5,177,681 5,623,336 4,724,945 4,165,434 3,605,242 Source: MEXT. 2008b. Figure 3. Change in Number of Teaching Staff, 1980-2005 Number of teaching sta (000) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Lower Secondary Upper Secondary Primary Secondary
Why Study Primary Sources? Primary sources are a window to understanding the people, places, and events of the past. Primary sources hold important clues, but you need to look, think, and ask questions! Investigate! Become a Detective To learn from primary sources, you need to investigate like a detective. Follow these steps to
Secondary Two Express Science . 2012 . 1 Clementi Woods Secondary School SA1 2 First Toa Payoh Secondary School SA1 3 Fuhua Secondary School SA1 4 Gan Eng Seng School SA1 5 Pasir Ris Crest Secondary School SA1 6 Queenstown Secondary School SA1 7 Queensway Secondary School S
What is the Primary Line voltage of a Delta-Wye connected transformer with a secondary line voltage of 230 volts, secondary line current of 25 amps, and primary line current of 6.25 amps Answer 1. Ratio Primary amps / Secondary amps 25/6.25 4 2. Secondary Line to Secondary Phase 230 / 1.732 132.8v 3. Primary Phase volts using .
Identifying Primary and Secondary Sources Determine if the source would be a Primary Source (P) or a secondary source (S). A Primary Source is information that was created at the same time as an event or by a person directly involved in the event. Diari
P0352 Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction P0353 Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction P0354 Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction P0355 Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction P0356 Ignition Coil F Primary
Auditing and Assurance Services, 15e (Arens) Chapter 9 Materiality and Risk Learning Objective 9-1 1) If it is probable that the judgment of a reasonable person will be changed or influenced by the omission or misstatement of information, then that information is, by definition of FASB Statement No. 2: A) material. B) insignificant.
