Integral Abutment Connection Details For ABC - Phase II
Integral Abutment Connection Details for ABC – Phase II ABC-UTC Research Seminar – April 26, 2019 Research Assistant: Austin DeJong, EIT Principal Investigator: Travis Hosteng, PE Co-Principal Investigator: Behrouz Shafei, Ph.D., PE 1
Acknowledgements ABC-UTC IowaDOT – Match funding 2
Project Goal Develop Integral Abutment Connection(s) that meet the design and construction demands of an Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) project – Slide-in Construction Capable – Durable – Construction Friendly 3
Objective and Scope Analyze strength and durability of three integral abutment connection details for ABC applications Scope – Revise and retest the two connection details designed for Phase I (ISU 2014-2016) – Design and test Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC)-Joint for Iowa DOT 4
Why Integral Abutment Integral Abutments – Semi-Integral – Expansion Joint Benefits of Integral Abutment – Eliminate Expansion Joint – Decrease Maintenance Costs – Increase Service Life – Less Expensive to Construct, Simple to Detail 5
Laboratory Specimens Design, Construction and Testing 6
Cast-In-Place (control) Specimen Figure 1: Cast-In-Place Pile Cap 7
Cast-In-Place (control) Specimen Figure 2: Cast-In-Place Integral Diaphragm 8
Cast-In-Place (control) Specimen Figure 3: Cast-In-Place Connection prior to concrete casting 9
Cast-In-Place (control) Specimen Figure 4: Cast-In-Place Integral Abutment Specimen completed (with reaction blocks) 10
Specimen Construction Three specimens evaluated: – Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) 8 couplers revised from 17 couplers in Phase I – Pile Coupler (PC) 4 couplers revised from 2 couplers in Phase I – UHPC-Joint Designed in conjunction with IowaDOT Structural Response & Constructability 11
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Beam Figure 5: Plan View of GRBC Specimen (Note: Red dots represent locations of couplers) 12
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 6: Section View through couplers (Note: Red marks represent Grouted Couplers) 13
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 7: Completed GRBC Pile Cap 14
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 8: GRBC Integral Diaphragm Reinforcing Cage (Note: Grout Sleeves on bottom) 15
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 9: Completed GRBC Integral Diaphragm 16
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 10: Completed GRBC Integral Diaphragm Surfaced Grout Ports 17
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 11: GRBC Connection Dry-Fit 18
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 12: GRBC Connection Installation (Note: ¾” Neoprene pad with silicone) 19
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 13: Completed GRBC Connection Installation 20
Grouted Reinforcing Bar Coupler (GRBC) Figure 14: Completed GRBC Specimen 21
GRBC – Construction Issues Pile Cap – No significant issues Integral Diaphragm – Reinforcement cage adjustments for grout sleeve ports – One grout sleeve port did not fully surface Connection – No significant issues 22
Pile Coupler (PC) Beam Figure 15: Plan View of PC Specimen 23
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 16: Section View through couplers 24
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 17: PC Pile Cap Corrugated Metal Pipe (CMP) plug 25
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 18: PC Pile Cap salvage reinforcing bars holding CMP’s at design location 26
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 19: Completed PC Pile Cap 27
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 20: PC Integral Diaphragm CMP plug 28
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 21: PC Integral Diaphragm reinforcing cage 29
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 22: PC Integral Diaphragm CMP with Ports and “locking” salvage reinforcing bars 30
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 23: Completed PC Integral Diaphragm Surfaced CMP’s and Ports 31
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 24: Completed PC Integral Diaphragm 32
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 25: Steel Section Couplers with Shear Studs suspended within CMP’s 33
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 26: PC Connection Installation – Installation of and Completed SCC 34
Pile Coupler (PC) Figure 27: Completed PC Specimen 35
PC – Construction Issues Pile Cap – CMP movement during concrete pour – One CMP Plug blowout Integral Diaphragm – One 1 in. vent port did not fully surface Connection – SCC aggregate settled to bottom of barrel during casting – Steel Section Guide locations 36
UHPC-Joint Beam Figure 28: Plan View of UHPC-Joint Specimen (Note: Red dots represent locations of couplers) 37
UHPC-Joint Figure 29: Section View through “Chimney” (Left) and other sections (Right) 38
UHPC-Joint Flowability Test conducted to investigate the ability of the UHPC material to flow through the designed cross section Figure 30: Elevation View (Left) Section View through “Chimney” (Right) 39
UHPC-Joint Figure 31: UHPC-Joint Flowability Test Completed 40
UHPC-Joint Figure 32: UHPC-Joint Pile Cap Threaded Couplers 41
UHPC-Joint Figure 33: Completed UHPC-Joint Pile Cap 42
UHPC-Joint Figure 34: UHPC-Joint Integral Diaphragm Formwork 43
UHPC-Joint Figure 35: UHPC-Joint Integral Diaphragm Reinforcing Cage (Note: Coupler Bars passing through bottom of formwork) 44
UHPC-Joint Figure 36: Form Retarder applied to bottom of UHPC-Joint Integral Diaphragm 45
UHPC-Joint Figure 37: Completed UHPC-Joint Integral Diaphragm with Exposed Aggregate Finish 46
UHPC-Joint Figure 38: UHPC-Joint Connection Installation – (Left to Right) Adequate Clearance for Rear Coupler Bars. Adequate Clearance for Front Coupler Bars. Bottom of Integral Diaphragm with Steel Shoe bearing on Neoprene Pad 47
UHPC-Joint Figure 39: UHPC-Joint Rear face of Specimen (Note: “Chimney’s”) 48
UHPC-Joint Figure 40: UHPC-Joint Connection Installation – (Left) Chimney System for installing UHPC (Right) Completed UHPC-Joint 49
UHPC-Joint Figure 41: Completed UHPC-Joint Specimen 50
UHPC-Joint – Construction Issues Pile Cap – Some bars did not have 8 in. protrusion Integral Diaphragm – Variation of protruding lengths for coupler bars – Coupler bars were not easily tied to reinforcement cage Connection – UHPC layers during casting 51
Laboratory Test Setup Two independent static loads applied to the fixed-base specimens – 100-kip Horizontal Load front face joint opening – 400-kip Vertical Load rear face joint opening Instrumentation – Displacement Transducers – Sacrificial Strain Gauges – Displacement Gauges 52
Laboratory Test Setup 400 kip Vertical Load 100 kip Horizontal Load Post-tensioned Tie-Down Bars Reaction Blocks Figure 42: Laboratory Testing Setup 53
Laboratory Test Results - GRBC Beam Figure 43: GRBC Front Face Joint Crack from Horizontal Load 54
Laboratory Test Results - GRBC Beam Figure 44: GRBC Front Coupler Bar Stress from Horizontal Load 55
Laboratory Test Results - GRBC Beam Figure 45: GRBC Rear Face Joint Crack from Vertical Load 56
Laboratory Test Results - GRBC Beam Figure 46: GRBC Rear Coupler Bar Stress from Vertical Load 57
Laboratory Test Results - PC N Beam Figure 47: PC Front Face Joint Crack from Horizontal Load 58
Laboratory Test Results - PC N Maximum Front Coupler Stress due to Horizontal Load was tabulated to be 3.34-ksi, which is essentially no stress in the coupler steel sections Beam 59
Laboratory Test Results - PC N Beam Figure 48: PC Rear Face Joint Crack from Vertical Load 60
Laboratory Test Results - PC N Beam Figure 49: PC Rear Coupler Section Stresses from Vertical Load 61
Laboratory Test Results – UHPC-Joint Beam Figure 50: UHPC-Joint Front Face Joint Crack from Horizontal Load 62
Laboratory Test Results – UHPC-Joint Beam Figure 51: UHPC-Joint Front Coupler Bar Stresses from Horizontal Load 63
Laboratory Test Results – UHPC-Joint Beam Figure 52: UHPC-Joint Rear Face Joint Crack from Vertical Load 64
Laboratory Test Results – UHPC-Joint Beam Figure 53: UHPC-Joint Rear Coupler Bar Stresses from Vertical Load 65
Laboratory Test Results Table 1: Summary of Laboratory Test Results Specimen Max. Front Face Joint Crack (in) Max. Rear Face Joint Crack (in) Max Coupler Stress (ksi) Cast-In-Place 0.001 0.025 42 GRBC – Phase I 0.001 0.035 43 GRBC – Phase II 0.020 0.348 133.0 PC – Phase I 0.050 1.75 26 PC – Phase II 0.007 0.306 22.1 UHPC-Joint 0.018 0.032 48.1 66
Recommended Future Work Figure 54: Proposed revision to UHPC-Joint Connection Detail 67
Recommended Future Work Add confinement reinforcement surrounding the CMP’s Spiral reinforcing cage in lieu of H-pile sections Figure 55: Proposed spiral reinforcing cages for Pile Coupler 68
Recommended Future Work GRBC grout sleeve size variation – Dayton Superior allows for variance of 2 bar sizes between reinforcing bar and grout sleeve (i.e. #8 bar with #10 sleeve) Cyclic loading of connection details Field monitoring of real-world applications of the connection details Finite element simulations of connection details for laboratory testing and field monitoring 69
Research Implementation 70
Implementation of Details UHPC-Joint Connection Detail to be used by IowaDOT – design phase currently Grouted Couplers have been used on numerous pier-pier cap connections 71
Thank You Questions and Discussions 72
Integral Abutment Connection Details for ABC - Phase II ABC-UTC Research Seminar - April 26, 2019 . - Design and test Ultra -High Performance Concrete (UHPC)-Joint for Iowa DOT 4. Why Integral Abutment Integral Abutments - Semi-Integral - Expansion Joint Benefits of Integral Abutment - Eliminate Expansion Joint .
c3-12 jointless bridge abutment inline ww zero skew . c3-13 jointless bridge abutment inline ww 45 skew-right . c3-14 jointless bridge abutment inline ww 45 skew-left . c3-15 jointless bridge abutment flared ww zero skew . c3-16 jointless bridge abutment flared ww 45 skew-right . c3-17 jointless bridge abutment flared ww 45 skew-left
1. Cross-section of Bridge with Integral Abutment 2. Cross-section of Bridge with Expansion Joints 3. Integral Abutment Details (Cont,) 4. Semi-integra 1 Abutment De tails 5. Integral Abutment Pile Loads 6. Simplified Pile Stress Analysis 7. Resistance - Displacement (p-y) Curve 8. Load-slip Curves 9. "A" Coefficient Chart 10.
Development of an integral abutment design utilizing grouted couplers has the potential to make bridges constructed using . Implementation of quality semi-integral and integral abutment designs in ABC projects is one example. These types of . an integral abutment detail, and 3) laboratory testing of one or two of the most promising .
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