Geothermal Well Drilling, The Differences Drilling And Drilling. The .
Geothermal Well Drilling, the differences between Geothermal Drilling and Oil and Gas Drilling. The challenges of drilling and producing hot, volcanic resources from fractured formations. By Louis E. Capuano, Jr. November 21, 2014
Different types of Geothermal Resources Resource Type Liquid‐dominated. Vapor‐dominated Geopressured ‐ Geothermal Engineered Geothermal System (EGS)
Field and Lithology Information
Differences between Oil/Gas and Geothermal Drilling Temperature Hard‐Rock Formations Large Wellbore Low Reservoir Pressure Completion Methods
Temperature Normal Geothermal Gradient is 1 to 1.5 per 100’. Geothermal Gradient can be as high as 10 per 100’ Reservoir Temperatures can be as low as 280 to 300 F to as high as 700 F plus. Changes will have to be made to all conventional drilling tools, materials and equipment to withstand temperature in the Reservoir.
Temperature Mud coolers High temperature electronics High temperature cements High temperature mud additives
Mud Coolers Needed to keep fluid cool to maintain mud properties. – Wall Cake – Gel Yield – Carrying Capacity High Temperatures can damage electronic drilling tools. Mud must be changed out prior to entering the productive reservoir.
High Temperature Electronics Directional tools are very temperature sensitive Wireline electronic logging tools are also very temperature sensitive Bit program design must take temperature and circulating media into consideration
High Temperature Cement and Cementing Procedures Cements will need to be retarded to withstand reservoir conditions. Unlike Oil and Gas wells, casing in Geothermal wells need to be cemented across entire length. Uncemented voids in casing annuli will result in casing failures (One of the primary important factor of a good geothermal well is a good cement job on all casing strings).
High Temperature Mud Additives Gel (Bentonite) Muds can cause formation damage in production sections. High temperature polymers are needed to clean the hole and stabilize the wellbore. Air or Aerated Fluids can be used due to low pressure formations. Air / Aerated Drilling can cause hole integrity problems.
Hard Rock Formation Volcanic hard rock may exist from spud to total depth. Permeability exists primarily in fracture systems. Fractures may exist throughout the entire wellbore. Lost Circulation due to fractures and low reservoir pressures is very common. PDC bits do not perform well due to air/aerated drilling, fractures and increased temperatures. Lost circulation zones make casing cementing difficult
Large Diameter Well Completions Production rates are directly proportional to the diameter of the well Large diameter “hard‐ rock” bits are expensive and drill slow due to available weight on bit. Large diameter casing and hole sizes require large amounts of cement and the placement methods become critical
Low Reservoir Pressures High potential of loss circulation in drilling and cementing. Low pressure may require the wells to be pumped requiring large diameter down‐hole pumps, therefore large diameter wells. Drilling media, mud, air or aerated water or mist must be used to penetrate reservoir
Completion Methods Many geothermal wells are completed open hole and resource is produced through casing. Slotted or Perforated casing is utilized to filter large formation debris from entering flow stream. Wellhead completion are large diameter master valve through which the well was drilled
Major problems in Drilling Geothermal Wells Temperature Hard‐Rock Formations Large Wellbore Low Reservoir Pressures Completion Methods
Geothermal Well Drilling, the differences between Geothermal Drilling and Oil and Gas Drilling. The challenges of drilling and producing hot, volcanic resources from fractured formations. By Louis E. Capuano, Jr. November 21, 2014
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
UNU Geothermal Training Programme Geothermal future in the Caribbean Geothermal energy can play an important role in the Caribbean SIDS area Geothermal as a renewable energy resource is the energy of the future The geothermal prospects are there to be utilized Training of geothermal
Accounting Differences There are no differences. System Management Differences There are no differences. Execution/Call Processing Differences There are no differences. Client Application Differences There are no differences. Deployment/Operational Differences There are no differences. System Engineering Differences There are no differences.
Jazz Piano, ABRSM Publishing: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, Level 5 Jazz Piano from Scratch, Dr. Charles Beale Shelton Berg: Jazz Improv: Goal-Note (Book/Cd), Shelton Berg Bill Boyd: Jazz Keyboard Basics, Bill Boyd An Introduction To Jazz Chord Voicing For Keyboard, Bill Boyd Intermediate Jazz Chord Voicing For Keyboard, Bill Boyd Exploring Traditional Scales And Chords For Jazz Keyboard .
