SPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - MoPSE

TOPIC 3: NUTRITION Digestion and Absorption Nutrition and Energy Systems Macronutrient Metabolism SUB-TOPIC General Nutrition 7.3 Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 8 10 Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, pancreas, liver and gall bladder PH values: mouth 5.5 to 7.5 Nutrition Macro - fats, carbohydrates, water and proteins Micro - vitamins, minerals and fiber (Specific knowledge of individual vitamins and minerals is not required) Food Pyramid Condensation reaction Glycerol and three fatty acids Saturated and unsaturated fats in relation to bonds and sources Essential amino acids Non-essential amino acids Energy content values per 100g are: carbohydrate 1760kj, lipid 4000kj and protein 1720kj Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism Lipolysis Glycogenolysis Insulin Gluconeogenesis Glycogen Glucagon Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion and nucleus Cristae, inner matrix and outer smooth membrane Cell respiration – Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron transport chain FORM 5 FORM 6

stomach 1.0 to less than 4.0 small intestine 6.0 to 8.0 Enzymes carbohydrates: salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase fats: pancreatic lipase,bile proteins: pepsin, trypsin Properties of water Functions of Water in the human body: Extracellular fluids (blood plasma, lymph, saliva, fluid in the eyes, fluid from glands) Hypothalamus and the release of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) Effect of ADH on the kidneys Negative feedback FORM 5 9 11 Major technological innovations in sport events FORM 5 TOPIC 4: TECHNOLOGY AND SPORT SUB-TOPIC Technologies that support Sport 7.4 Water and Electrolyte Balance SUB-TOPIC Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 8 FORM 6 FORM 6

7.5 TOPIC 5: PEDAGOGY TOPIC 5:PEDAGOGY TOPIC 5:PEDAGOGY Pedagogy as Science SUB-TOPIC 7.5 Essence and Dynamics of the Educational Process Pedagogy as Science SUB-TOPIC 7.5 12 10 Pedagogy and its Importance Composition and structures of the educational process. FORM 5 FORM 6 FORM 6 FORM 6 The essence of the educational process: Particularities and Links Principles of teaching. Pedagogical ethics Formulation of Objectives Content Identification. 12 Teaching methods. Media and learning/teaching aids Organisation of learning experiences in teaching. Assessment and Evaluation. Pedagogy and its Importance Composition and structures of the educational process. Major technological innovations in sport events Performance enhancement Equipment 11 Clothing Facilities Use of technology in performance analysis and monitoring Use of technology in optimizing physiological performance FORM 5 FORM 5 TOPIC 4: TECHNOLOGY AND SPORT TOPIC 4: TECHNOLOGY AND SPORT SUB-TOPIC Technologies that support Sport 7.4 7.4 Sport Science and Technology Syllabus

TOPIC 6: 7.6 Fatigue and Recovery Processes Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) Regulation of Body Systems during Exercise 14 11 Causes of DOMS Recovering from DOMS Oxygen debt EPOC Heart regulation during exercise Control of breathing during exercise Ventilatory response to light, moderate and heavy exercise Hormonal control systems Acute response of systems to exercise Warm up and cool down Benefits of exercise to heart and cardiovascular system Benefits to the respiratory system Benefits to the muscular system Changes to the endocrine system Aerobic benefits Anaerobic benefits ATP/PC system Lactic acid system Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Exercise intensity and ATP production Aerobic,anaerobic systems and athletic performance Types of energy aerobic capacity anaerobic capacity Factors affecting aerobic and anaerobic capacity Adenosine Triphosphate production (ATP) FORM 6 System Adaptations to Exercise FORM 5 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Energy transfer in Exercise ATP/PC, Lactic Acid, Aerobic Energy Systems SUB-TOPIC TOPIC 6: 7.6 Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 10

TOPIC 7: 7.7 FORM 5 THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING 12 15 THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING Planning and Controlling of Training SUB-TOPIC Laws and Principles TOPIC 7: 7.7 Exercise at Medium and High Altitudes Exercise and the Environment Exercise in the heat Exercise in the cold Sport Science and Technology Syllabus Partial pressure and gaseous exchange Effects of altitude on : - respiratory system - cardiovascular system Acclimatisation Effects of heat on body systems before, during and after exercise Effects of cold on body systems before during and after exercise Sports initiation. Methods of training. The control of loads. The unit of training. Programme of training. The training as a process of physical development. Biological laws. Principles of sports training. Physical capacities. Principles of conscience and activity. Principles of the sensations of perception. Principles of accessibility and individualisation. Principles of the systematizing Principles of the unit between the general and special preparation. Principles of the cyclic character of the sport training. Principles of the gradual increase of loads. FORM 6

TOPIC 8: 7.8 APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 13 Group Dynamics of Sport Performance Group and Teams 17 Group and team formation Steinner’s model of group formation coordination/cooperation (Ringlemann Effect) and motivational (Social loafing) Commitment Self-control Concentration Emotional control Theory of achievement motivation( Atkinson and McClelland’s) Sport-specific motivation,that is, competitiveness. Nature of attitudes Component of attitude: - cognitive - affective - behavioural Links between attitude and behavior in sport situations Ways of measuring attitudes Theories of personality Structure of personality Trait perspective - introversion and extroversion - neuroticism and stability - type A and type B - character - temperament Limitation of: - personality profiling in sport - personality tests Characteristics of gender from the point of view of psychology Influence of gender on sport training FORM 6 Mental Preparation Motivation and Arousal Attitude FORM 5 APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY SUB-TOPIC Fundamental Psychological Constructs Personality TOPIC 8: 7.8 Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 12

Aggression Effects Psychological Tests in Physical Activity - - Competition Effects on Sport Performance Leadership Social Facilitation and Audience Effects Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 14 18 Characteristics of leadership - autocratic /task-oriented - democratic/social-oriented - laissez-faire Theories of leadership - trait, - social - interactionist Models of leadership - Chelldurai’s Multi-dimensional - Fieldler’s Contigency. Facilitation and inhibition effects on performance Combating the effects of social inhibition Causes and effects of reactive aggression Ways of managing aggression Aggressive and assertive behaviour Testing for: - Distance perception - Motor representation - Concentration of attention - Distribution of attention Chromatic Differentiation factors

TOPIC 9: TOPIC 9: SOCIOLOGY IN SPORT TOPIC 10: Maintenance SUB-TOPIC Design 7.10 7.10 TOPIC 10: FORM 5 SPORT FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT SPORT FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT Sociological Trends and Social Inequalities FORM 5 SOCIOLOGY IN SPORT SUB-TOPIC Understanding Sociology 7.9 7.9 Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 15 19 14 Sport andsocialisation Social and cultural values in Sport. Reforms and procedures to address gender inequalities for women in sport Racism in sport Role model creation Ability and Disability in Sport Commercialisation of sport Role of the media in sport Impact of globalisation Design and Construction Facility and equipment usage Factors influencing design of facilities and equipment Types of facilities Maintenance, care and usage - quality - lifespan Causes of wear and tear in sport facilities - frequency of usage - traffic FORM 6 FORM 6

TOPIC 11: FORM 5 ELECTIVE SPORTS SPECIALITY ELECTIVE SPORTS SPECIALITY SUB-TOPIC Practical Performance Portfolio 7.11 7.11 TOPIC 11: Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 16 21 Physical fitness tests Skills Tests Techniques and tactics Training programme design FORM 6

COMPETENCE MATRIX COMPETENCE MATRIX FORM 5 The Skeletal System distinguish anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton in terms of function apply anatomical terminology in identifying planes of the body apply anatomical terminology in identifying location of bones define the term joint draw and annotate the structure of a long bone outline the functions of connective tissue describe the principles of anatomical positioning in relation to human skeletal system. state the four types of bones OBJECTIVES: Learners should be able to: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SUB-TOPIC 8.1.1 8.1 ANATOMY FORM 5 8.1.1 AND PHYSIOLOGY 8.0 8.0 8.1 Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 17 22 Connective tissue - cartilages - ligaments - tendons Planes and axis Axial skeleton: - skull - ribs - sternum - vertebral column Appendicular skeleton: - pectoral girdle humerus, radius ulna, carpals, metacarpals phalanges, pelvic girdle Assume anatomical functions attachment, protection, movement and support Long, short, flat and irregular bones Anatomical positions Demonstrating movements around specified axis Demonstrating the anatomical position Watching videos and animations of the human skeleton Playing interactive games on skeletal system Demonstrating specified plane movement Identifying types of bones from a human skeleton Drawing and annotating the structure of a long bone Drawing and labelling the human skeletal system SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES CONTENT 16 Model human skeleton Model human bones Model joints ICT tools/ Braille software/Jaw software SUGGESTED RESOURCES MATERIALS

The Muscular System SUB-TOPIC 18 23 Skeletal muscle tissue - epimysium, perimysium endomysium Muscle fibre (cell) myofilament, sarcomere, actin and myosin Origin: the attachment distinguish between the different types of muscles annotate the structure of skeletal muscles define the terms of origin and insertion of muscles identify the location of skeletal muscles in each region of the body outline the types of muscle contraction explain the concept of reciprocal inhibition Types of muscle - smooth, cardiac and skeletal outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue Contractility, extensibility elasticity, atrophy, hypertrophy distinguish between types of joints in relation to movement Articular cartilage, permitted synovial membrane outline the features of synovial synovial fluid bursae, joint meniscus ligaments list different types of synovial and articular capsule joints outline the types of movement Please Note. Consider hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, pivot of synovial joints gliding and saddle Flexion, extension adduction, abduction pronation, supination ,elevation depression, rotation, circumduction dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion and inversion CONTENT OBJECTIVES: Learners should be able to: Sport Science and Technology Syllabus Demonstrating location of muscle by palpation Demonstrating different types of muscle contraction Demonstrating muscle characteristics using models of same characteristics Describing types of muscles Observing models and animations Observing models of synovial joints Drawing different types of joints SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Elastic bands ICT tools/ Braille software/Jaw software Charts SUGGESTED RESOURCES MATERIALS

The Neuromuscular Function SUB-TOPIC explain how fast and slow label a diagram of a motor unit explain the role of neurotransmitters in stimulating skeletal muscle contraction explain how skeletal muscle contracts by the sliding filament theory analyse movement in relation to joint action and muscle contraction OBJECTIVES: Learners should be able to: Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 19 24 Dendrite, cell body, nucleus, axon, motor end plate, synapse and muscle Acetylcholine and the cholinesterase Myofibril, myofilament, sarcomere, actin, myosin, H-zone, Aband, Z-line, tropomyosin, troponin, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions and ATP of a muscle tendon to a stationery bone Insertion: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone - muscles from the anterior such as deltoid, pectoralis quadriceps femoris - the posterior such as trapezius lattismus dorsi, gluteus maximus gastrocnemius Consider isotonic, isometric, isokinetic, concentric and eccentric Consider agonist antagonist and synergistic CONTENT 18 Drawing a motor unit diagram Watching videos and animations Observing myograms Discussing the relationship between sport performance and muscle fibre type SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Models ICT tools/ Braille software/Jaw software SUGGESTED RESOURCES MATERIALS

Structure and Function of the Ventilatory System SUB-TOPIC define Pulmonary Volume ,Total Lung Capacity, Vital Capacity, Tidal Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Residual Volume explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs describe the nervous and chemical controls of ventilation during exercise outline the role of haemoglobin in oxygen transportation outline the functions of the conducting airways list the principal structures of the system 20 25 Accessory muscle during strenous exercise Effect of pH due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the blood Neural control of ventilation , -lung stretch receptors, muscle proprioceptors Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and alveoli Low resistance pathway and air flow Defence function Warming and moistening of air Actions of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles Relationships between volume and pressure Slow twitch (type 1) with fast twitch (type IIa and type IIb). CONTENT twitch fibre types differ in structure and function OBJECTIVES: Learners should be able to: Sport Science and Technology Syllabus Demonstrating the mechanics of ventilation using models Describing the nervous and chemical controls of ventilation during exercise Measuring all lung volumes and capacities Drawing and annotating the ventilatory system SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Peak flow meter ICT tools/ Braille software/Jaw software Models SUGGESTED RESOURCES MATERIALS

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System SUB-TOPIC describe the anatomy of the heart with reference to the heart chambers, valves and major blood vessels describe the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of heart rate in the sequence of excitation of the heart muscle outline the relationship between pulmonary and systemic circulation describe the relationship between heart rate,cardiac output and stroke volume at rest and during exercise analyse cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate data for state the composition of blood distinguish between the functions of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli OBJECTIVES: Learners should be able to: Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 21 26 The heart : - chambers, valvesvessels - coronary arteries and their function - pace maker, heart rate and influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and adrenaline Sino Arterial node Cardiac output stroke volume X heart rate Blood is composed of cells and plasma - transport vehicle for electrolytes,, gases, nutrients, waste products and hormones and chemoreceptors. Gaseous Exchange Process CONTENT 20 Watching videos and animations Explaining the process of gaseous exchange and oxygen transportation in the blood system Watching videos and animations SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Blood pressure machine Heart models Weighing scale Measuring tape ICT tools/ Braille software/Jaw software V O2 max chart SUGGESTED RESOURCES MATERIALS

SUB-TOPIC define the terms systolic and diastolic blood pressure analyse systolic and diastolic blood pressure data at rest and during exercise discuss how systolic and diastolic blood pressure respond to dynamic and static exercise explain maximal oxygen consumption different populations at rest and during exercise explain cardiovascular function OBJECTIVES: Learners should be able to: Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 22 27 Maximal oxygen consumptions (V O2 max) Cardiac cycle - males, females, trained, untrained, young, and old. Exclude quantitative data Body temperature - stroke volume CONTENT Measuring and comparing V O2 max Plotting graphs Measuring pulses Measuring and comparing blood pressures Describing cardiac

Sport Science and Technology Syllabus 1.0 PREAMBLE 1.1 Introduction This Sport Science and Technology Syllabus is designed for Secondary School learners (Form 5 and 6). It ensures access to the Sports Science and Technology Curriculum regardless of gender, race, religion and handicap. The syllabus helps to promote the development of scien-