Scope For Adventure Tourism In India - A Review
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 18 2018, 4747-4752 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu A SCOPE FOR ADVENTURE TOURISM IN INDIA – A REVIEW Sreenath Padmanabhan Department of Management, Kochi Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham India Sreenath padmanabhan@yahoo.com Abstract— Human beings have always had the desire and interest to know new places. The definition of tourist mentioned by The world Tourism Organization - ―Travel to and stay outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the pace visited‖. Over the past years, the tourism sector has developed and evolved significantly. Adventure tourism has evolved into one of the most important subsector in the Industry. The study is to explore the scope for Adventure tourism in India. The study shall also try to find out the different types of adventure tourism present in India and also the Involvements of foreign and domestic tourists in it. This research is based on combinations reviews from various articles and research papers. The basic source of the secondary data are national and international tourism literatures, facts and figures provided by the national and international organization and several research papers on adventure tourism. Keywords— Domestic Adventure, Tourism, International & INTRODUCTION Adventure tourism is a category of niche tourism which involves travel or exploration to far-off or far-away areas, where the 4747 traveler should expect the unforeseen. This type of tourism is swiftly growing in demand and popularity as tourists seek uncommon holidays, which is unconventional from the normal resort vacations. Trekking, Mountaineering expeditions, bungee jumping, sea surfing, paragliding, sky diving parasailing, ballooning, rafting and rock climbing are regularly mentioned as an example of adventure tourism. Adventure travel is a kind of tourism which involves exploration or travel with apparent and possible definite risk, and potentially necessitating focussed skills involving physical effort. It is not very clear how adventure tourism came into existence but the merchants are considered to be the first adventure travelers. Adventure tourism can then be further categorized into Soft and hard Adventure. LITERATURE REVIEW Researchers have characterised tourism as a service product which is having a degree of customer interaction (Middleton & Clarke, 2001; Middleton, 1989; Middleton & Clarke, 2001; Middleton ,1989; Seaton Bennet, Smith, 1994 Gunn ,1988; Smith,1994; Kotler, Bowen & Makens ,1999; Levitt ,1981; Grönroos, 1990; Kotler et al.,1999; Zeithaml & Bitner, 1996; Liu and Yen, 2010; Cole et al., 2002; Kouthouris and Alexandris, 2005; Cole and Illum, 2006; Kang and James, 2004 and Kvist and Klefsjö ,2006). Muller and Cleaver (2000) defined adventure tourism as ―physically bracing, adrenalin-driven, somewhat risky, with
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics moments of exhilaration punctuated by many opportunities to assess and reassess what has been done or accomplished‖ Adventure Tourism Market report (2010) has indicated about the adventure tourism activities such as Mountaineering, Rockclimbing, Diving & Swimming, water activity, Trekking, Beach adventure, Natural beauty or Jungle& Wildlife adventure, etc. It has been already expressed in adventure tourism oriented books by John Swarbrooke et al. (2003) and Ralf Buckley (2006). NEED FOR THE STUDY For understanding the scope for adventure tourism in India by considering the various adventure tourism activities across the country and also knowing the impact of both international and domestic tourists’. The study is to also know how these tourists foresee adventure tourism in India and to conclude at the changes which might have an impact on the growth of adventure tourism in India. IMPACT OF TOURSIM ON INDIAN ECONOMY As per the government of India report, the tourism industry is the biggest service industry in India. It is expected that the tourism sector’s part to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) will grow at the rate of 7.0% yearly in the period 20132024 and this number can be increased if the Adventure travel improved significantly because it will be going to be major factor to increase the Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA) resulting in growth of overall economy. (Khedkar, 2015) Adventure sports is gaining popularity in Indian market with its domestic travellers. According to ATOAI (Adventure Tour Operators Association of India) in the last five years the demand by domestic tourists for adventure sports 4748 Special Issue has shown a 400% rise as compared to International tourist’s demand. Many types of tourism includes Tourism based on spiritual activities, Health/ Medical Tourism, Wildlife and Adventure Tourism, MICE Tourism, Heritage & Culture Tourism, Cruise Tourism, Polo Tourism, Eco Tourism and Toursim in film industry. (Jaswal, 2014) 20 lakh individuals contribute in adventure tourism in India. However, the percentage of international tourists is around 10% and this signifies a drop reflecting that around 2000, 60% of adventure tourists in India were from outside the country. One of the reasons the number of international tourists in this area has reduced is the comparatively less developed structure, which makes it a seemingly dangerous option for them associated to other forms of tourism in India. This is one area that needs to be observed into if adventure tourism in India has to grow properly. TYPES OF ADVENTURE TOURSIM IN INDIA Mountain biking, camping, canoeing, kayaking, paragliding, rock climbing, yak safari, horse riding, hiking, wildlife, Jeep safari, skiing, angling, House, heii-skiing, hot Air ballooning, samel safaris, Bungee jumping, trekking, Snorkelling Parasailing, Rafting, Artificial Rock climbing, Surfing, Mountain biking Scuba diving, Mountaineering, Jet ski ride, kayaks, Paddle boats, Hang Gliding, Micro light flying, Water Rafting, Water zorbing, cycling, Rappelling, Wind surfing, Artificial wall climbing, Elephant safari etc., (Nielsen, 2015)
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Adventure tourist visits in India – An Estimate Camping Trekking Wildlife/jeep Water Rafting Bungee Jumping Rock Climbing Artificial wall climbing Kayaking Motor bike tours House boat stays Paragliding Cycling Elephant/Camel/House Yak safaris Parasailing Boat Safaris 341436 547413 675521 997040 18374 28757 22561 (Adventure holidays, 2017) 30790 FUTURE SCOPE OF ADVENTURE TOURSIM IN 34844 INDIA 57030 9777 There is high potential for adventure tourism 60975 development in India. India has the ideal 73343 landscape and man-made tourist spots for 15490 initiating all types of Tourism Activities Adventure. 232252 (Nielsen, Gunjan Rohatgi, 2015) INTERNATIONAL TOURSIST ABOUT ADVENTURE TOURSIM IN INDIA Below table shows us the frequency of travel of both Domestic as well as foreign toursits in India (Dr. Shekhar Upadhyay, 2017) FREQUENCY OF TRAVEL ONCE IN AN YEAR TWICE IN AN YEAR ONCE IN 2 YEARS ONCE IN 5 YEARS TOTAL NATIONALITY INDIAN FOREIGNER 43(14.33%) 43(14.33%) 79(26.33%) 54(18%) 28(9.33%) 52(17.33%) 0 1(0.33%) 150(50%) 150(50%) (Dr K. Ajay Singh) 4749 The safety standards of the risk adventures sports like paragliding, trekking etc.should meet with the central government standards. There are hardly a few standards with in the hands of the state government. In the country like India where emerging of adventure tourism taking place there is no central authority which can frame the rules and regulate from time to time. There is a high need t set up a central body which can frame and regulate the safety rules for adventure throughout the India (Neilsen,2015) In some case a narrow line in between exercise of journey business enterprise conduct and dynamics development and destroying the natural balance within the journey business enterprise activity destinations. (Nielsen, 2015)
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics REFERENCES [1] Nielsen2015Adventure tourism market study in India83-86 Nielsen, Gunjan Rohatgi2015Adventure tourism study in indiaGurgaontoursim.gov.in [2] Adventure holidaysAdventure holidays [3] Role of Tourism industry in India's Development2014Toursim & Hospitality an open access journal5-8 [4] A Comparative Study on Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India2017International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management22-25 [5] A Study of Preferences & Travel Pattern of Adventure Tourists in India Ghaziabad ACCMAN Institute of Management [6]The Economic impact of Adventure tourism in India [7] Bhattacharya, S. (2013). A study on adventure tourism as an emergent sector in West Bengal. 4750 Special Issue
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activity, Trekking, Beach adventure, Natural beauty or Jungle& Wildlife adventure, etc. It has been already expressed in adventure tourism orie nted books by John Swarbrooke et al. (2003) and Ralf Buckley (2006). NEED FOR THE STUDY For understanding the scope for adventure tourism in India by considering the various
Adventure tourism is a rapidly expanding sector of the tourism industry internationally. New Zealand is internationally recognised as a country where adventure tourism and adventure sports are undertaken by a large proportion of the resident and visitor population. While the risks associated with adventure tourism and adventure sport activity are increasingly highlighted in media reports of .
This analysis forecasts the global adventure tourism market to grow at a CAGR of 45.99% during the period 2016-2020. According to the adventure tourism market report, increased preference for adventure over other tourism activities will be a key driver for market growth (PR Newswire, Adventure Tourism Market Growing at Nearly 46% CAGR to 2020
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2 Adventure Tourism in Scotland – what do we mean? Introduction 2.1 This chapter details the definition of Adventure Tourism (AT) used by the study team for this commission and any assumptions which were made throughout the research. Definition of Adventure Tourism 2.2 The definition of the AT sector used for this study is the now commonly held sector definition developed in the Adventure .
The Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI) is a joint initiative of The George Washington University and The Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA). The ATDI offers a ranking of countries around the world based on principles of sustainable adventure tourism
Although adventure tourism is rapidly growing South Africa, research on the subject in this region is relatively limited. A few studies have examined issues and challenges facing the adventure tourism industry as a whole. Rogerson (2007) noted some of the challenges facing the development of adventure tourism in South Africa. One was the lack of marketing, particularly marketing South Africa .
world. Adventure tourism is one among the branch of tourism which is attracting a large number of tourists towards it. There are destination identified which fulfills the demand of adventure tourist and also is popular for leisure and/or relaxation of tourist. Adventure tourism can be considered as new form of eco, sport, or nature based tourism.
worts, lichens, mosses, algae and fungi also occur. CLIMATE : The abrupt variations in the altitude (elevations) have created diverse climatic conditions. The climate is warm and humid during summer and monsoon season (June Oct.) and moderately cold during winter (Dec. Feb.) at lower elevations. The winter months become more severe as one goes up. Places like Lachen, Lachung and Dzongri areas .
