Ramez Elmasri Shamkant B. Navathe Of - GBV
Ramez Elmasri Department of Computer Science Engineering University of Texas at Arlington Shamkant B. Navathe College of Computing Georgia lnstitute of Technology . . . Reading, Massachusetts Menlo Park, California New York Harlow, England Don Mills, Ontario Sydney Mexico City Madrid Amsterdam .
PMT I: BBIIC COI EPTI Chapter 1 Databases and Database Users 2 Introduction 4 A n Example 5 8 Characteristics of the Database Approach Actors on the Scene 12 13 Workers behind the Scene Advantages of Using a DBMS 14 18 Implications of the Database Approach When Not to Use a DBMS 19 Summary 19 Review Questions 20 Exercises 21 Selected Bibliography 21 Chapter 2 Database System Concepts and Architecture 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Data Models, Schemas, and Instances 24 DBMs Architecture and Data Independence Database Languages and Interfaces 30 The Database System Environment 32 27 23
xvi (OilTEilTI 2.5 2.6 Classification of Database Management Systems 37 Summary Review Questions 38 Exercises 39 Selected Bibliography 39 35 Chapter 3 Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship Model 41 Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database 42 Design A n Example Database Application 44 Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys 45 Relationships, Relationship Types, Roles, and Structural Constraints 52 Weak Entity Types 59 60 Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database 61 ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues Summary 66 Review Questions 67 67 Exercises Selected Bibliography 72 Chapter 4 Enhanced Entity-Relationship and Object 73 Modeling 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance 74 Specialization and Generalization 76 Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization 80 Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories 86 A n Example UNIVERSITY EER Schema and Formal 90 Definitions for the EER Model Conceptual Object Modeling Using UML Class 93 Diagrams
xvii 4.7 4.8 4.9 Relationship Types of Degree Higher Than Two Data Abstraction and Kriowledge Representation Concepts 100 Summary 105 Review Questions 105 Exercises 106 Selected Bibliography 1 10 Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 Record Storage and Primary File Organizations Introduction 114 Secondary Storage Devices 117 Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology Buffering of Blocks 127 Placing File Records on Disk 128 Operations on Files 133 Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files) 135 Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files) 136 Hashing Techniques 139 Other Primary File Organizations 148 Summary 149 Review Questions 149 Exercises 150 Selected Bibliography 153 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Index Structures for Files 155 Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexe 156 Multilevel Indexes 166 Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B -Trees 169 Indexes on Multiple Keys 183 Other Types of Indexes 186 Summary 187 Review Questions 188 95 113 122
Exercises 188 Selected Bibliography Chapter 7 190 The Relational Data Model, Relational Constraints, 195 and the Relational Algebra Relational Model Concepts 196 Relational Constraints and Relational Database Schemas 202 Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations 209 2 11 Basic Relational Algebra Operations Additional Relational Operations 226 230 Exam lesof Queries in Relational Algebra Summary 232 233 Review Questions Exercises 235 Selected Bibliography 240 Chapter 8 SQL-The Relational Database Standard 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 243 Data Definition, Constraints, and Schema Changes in S Q L 245 251 Basic Queries in SQL More Complex SQL Queries 261 Insert, Delete, and Update Statements in SQL 275 278 Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL Specifying General Constraints as Assertion 282 283 Additional Features of SQL Summary 284
xix Review Questions 284 Exercises 286 Selected Bibliography 288 Chapter 9 ER- and EER-to-RelationalMapping, and Other Relational Languages 2 8 9 Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping 290 295 Mapping EER Model Concepts to Relations T h e Tuple Relational Calculus 299 T h e Domain Relational Calculus 308 Overview of the QBE Language 3 10 Summary 317 Review Questions 3 18 Exercises 3 19 320 Selected Bibliography Chapter 10 Examples of Relational Database Management Systems: Oracle and Microsoft Access 323 Relational Database Management Systems: A Historical 324 Perspective The Basic Structure of the Oracle System 325 Database Structure and Its Manipulation in Oracle 329 Storage Organization in Oracle 333 Programming Oracle Applications 337 343 Oracle Tools A n Overview of Microsoft Access 344 Features and Functionality of Access 35 1 Summary 355 Selected Bibliography 355
PRRT 1: I X T R I L RI T D ORA DRTABAII TI(UOOLOGY 357 OBJ (T-ORIIRTID Chapter I I 11.1 11.2 1 1.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 RRD Concepts for Object-Oriented Databases Overview of Object-Oriented Concepts 361 Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors 363 Encapsulation of Operations, Methods, and Persistence 369 Type Hierarchies and Inheritance 374 Complex Objects 377 Other Object-Oriented Concepts 379 Summary 382 Review Questions 383 Exercises 384 Selected Bibliography 384 Chapter 12 Object Database Standards, Languages, and Design 385 386 Overview of the Object Model of ODMG The Object Definition Language 399 The Object Query Language 404 Overview of the C Language Binding 413 Object Database Conceptual Design 414 4 17 Examples of ODBMSS Overview of the CORBA Standard for Distributed Objects 428 Summary 431 Review Questions 432 Exercises 432 Selected Bibliography 433 359
xxi Chapter 13 Object Relational and Extended Relational Database Systems 435 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Evolution and Current Trends of Database Technology 436 The Informix Universal Server 438 Object-Relational Features of Oracle 8 448 A n Overview of S Q L 45 1 Implementation and Related Issues for Extended Type Systems 458 The Nested Relational Data Model 459 Summary 461 Selected Bibliography 462 IRR 4 : DT RTRBRIE D u 1 6 1 TRIORV R I D I T B O D 4 6 3O L Y Chapter 14 Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases 465 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas Functional Dependencies 476 Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys 483 General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms 490 Boyce-Codd Normal Form 493 Summary 496 Review Questions 496 Exercises 497 Selected Bibliography 500 467 Chapter 15 Relational Database Design Algorithms and 5 01 Further Dependencies 15.1 Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design 502
xxii (OilTEilTI 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form 514 Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 5 19 Inclusion Dependencies 520 Other Dependencies and Normal Forms 521 Summary 523 Review Questions 524 Exercises 524 Selected Bibliography 525 527 The Role of Information Systems in Organizations 528 The Database Design Process 532 Physical Database Design in Relational Databases 55 1 A n Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems 554 Automated Design Tools 560 Summary 563 Review Questions 564 Selected Bibliography 565 Chapter 16 Practical Database Design and Tuning 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Chapter 17 Database System Architectures and the System Catalog 569 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 System Architectures for DBMSS 570 Catalogs for Relational DBMSS 573 577 System Catalog Information in ORACLE Other Catalog Information Accessed by DBMS Software Modules 581 Data Dictionary and Data Repository Systems 582 Summary 583
(OIITEIITI Review Questions 584 Exercises 584 Selected Bibliography 585 Chapter 18 Query Processing and Optimization 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra 587 Basic Algorithms for Executing Query Operations 588 604 Using Heuristics in Query Optimization Using Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization 615 624 Overview of Query Optimization in ORACLE Semantic Query Optimization 625 Summary 626 Review Questions 626 Exercises 627 Selected Bibliography 628 Chapter 19 Transaction Processing Concepts 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 585 629 630 Introduction to Transaction Processing Transaction and System Concepts 637 Desirable Properties of Transactions 640 Schedules and Recoverability 641 Serializability of Schedules 644 654 Transaction Support in SQL Summary 656 Review Questions 657 Exercises 65 7 Selected Bibliography 659 661 Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control 662 Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering Chapter 20 Concurrency Control Techniques 20.1 20.2 672 xxiii
xxiv COilTEilTI Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques 674 Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control 677 Techniques Granularit of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking 678 Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes Some Other Concurrency Control Issues 684 Summary 685 Review Questions 686 Exercises 687 Selected Bibliography 687 Chapter 2 1 2 1.1 2 1.2 2 1.3 2 1.4 2 1.5 2 1.6 2 1.7 21.8 Database Recovery Techniques 689 Recovery Concepts 690 Recovery Techniques Based on Deferred Update Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update Shadow Paging 702 T h e ARIES Recovery Algorithm 704 Recovery in Multidatabase Systems 708 Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures 709 Summary 709 Review Questions 7 10 Exercises 7 11 Selected Bibliography 7 13 Chapter 22 Database Security and Authorization 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 7 15 Introduction to Database Security Issues 7 15 Discretionary Access Control Based on GrantinglRevoking 7 18 of Privileges Mandatory Access Control for Multilevel Security 723 Introduction to Statistical Database Security 726
xxv 22.5 Summary 728 Review Questions 728 Exercises 729 Selected Bibliography 729 Chapter 2 3 Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications 733 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 Active Database Concepts 734 Temporal Database Concepts 744 Spatial and Multimedia Databases 757 Summary 760 761 Review Questions Exercises 762 763 Selected Bibliography Chapter 2 4 Distributed Databases and Client-Server Architecture 765 Distributed Database Concepts 766 Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design 771 Types of Distributed Database Systems 778 Query Processing in Distributed Databases 781 Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases 786 A n Overview of Client-Server Architecture and Its Relationship to Distributed Databases 789 Distributed Databases in Oracle 791 Future Prospects of Client-Server Technology 793 Summary 795
Review Questions 795 Exercises 796 Selected Bibliography 798 Chapter 25 Deductive Databases 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9 801 Introduction to Deductive Databases 802 ProloglDatalog Notation 803 Interpretation of Rules 808 Basic Inference Mechanisms for Logic Programs Datalog Programs and Their Evaluation 813 Deductive Database Systems 827 Deductive Object-Oriented Databases 832 Applications of Commercial Deductive Database Systems 834 Summary 835 Exercises 836 Selected Bibliography 839 Chapter 26 Data Warehousing and Data Mining 26.1 26.2 26.3 Data Warehousing 842 Data Mining 855 Summary 870 Review Exercises 87 1 Selected Bibliography 872 Chapter 27 Emerging Database Technologies and Applications 7 3 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 Databases on the World Wide Web 874 Multimedia Databases 880 Mobile Databases 886 Geographic Information Systems 891 Genome Data Management 898 Digital Libraries 905 84 1 810
(OIITEIITI Appendix A Alternative Diagrammatic Notations Appendix B Parameters of Disks 909 913 Appendix C A n Overview of the Network Data Model Appendix D An Overview of the Hierarchical Data 941 Model Selected Bibliography Index 1-1 B- 1 917 xxvii
Chapter 2 1 Database Recovery Techniques 689 2 1.1 Recovery Concepts 690 2 1.2 Recovery Techniques Based on Deferred Update 2 1.3 Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update 2 1.4 Shadow Paging 702 2 1.5 The ARIES Recovery Algorithm 704 2 1.6 Recovery in Multidatabase Systems 708 2 1.7 Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic
Elmasri/Navathe text typically covered in most introductory database systems courses. Chapter Mappings The laboratory manual consists of 8 chapters and the following table shows the mapping to the chapters in the Elmasri/Navathe textbook: Laboratory Manual Chapter Elmasri/Navathe 6th Edition Chapter
–Database System Concepts, Avi Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, and S. Sudarshan, McGraw-Hill (2010) ISBN 0-07-352332-1 –Fundamentals of Database Systems, Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, Pearson (2016) ISBN 9780133970777 Homework and Projects get you to und
The attribute name designates the role played by a domain in a relation: . (E.g., relational model does not allow a list as a value for any attribute, i.e., atomic attribute value, no duplicate tuples) 2. Schema
a) Thomas M. Connolly, Carolyn E. Begg (2015). Database Systems, A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, 6th Edition, Pearson b) Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe (2016). Fundamentals of Database Systems, 7th Edition, Pearson c) S. Sumathi, S. Esakkirajan: Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems, Springer .
CS 4700/6700 A Sample of Small Database Design Using Microsoft Access (2019) Company relational database schema from the textbook (Fundamentals of Database systems, 7th Edition, by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant Navathe) is used to illustrate as an example throughout this tutorial. The relational schema shows below in accordance with the Figure 5.5 in
Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology (1) Data Warehouse (DW) was proposed as a new type of database management system which would keep no transactional data but only summarized historical information for decision making purposes. DWs are modeled and structured differently, use diff
2 Preface This laboratory manual accompanies the popular database textbook Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 6th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2010.It provides supplemental materials to enhance the practical coverage of concepts in
Belajar sejarah melalui e-learning bukan menggantikan proses pembelajaran konvensional, namun pembelajaran melalui e-learning ini untuk memperkuat nilai belajar konvensional dengan menggunakan teknologi internet. Maka dalam Kamarga (2002, hlm 55) menyebutkan : Belajar sejarah melalui e-learning dapat diartikan sebagai upaya
