Types Of Computers - Illinois State Board Of Education
Types of Computers Unit: Technology Problem Area: Adapt to Changing Technology Lesson: Types of Computers Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1 2 3 4 Describe how computers can be sorted by concept. Explain examples of large-scale system types of computers. Explain examples of work-station computers. Explain examples of personal system and mobile system computers. Resources. The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson: Beach, Thomas E. “Computer Concepts and Terminology: Types of Computers,” University of New Mexico—Los Alamos. Accessed Oct. 23, 2011. http://www.unm.edu/ tbeach/terms/types.html . “Business and Government,” Puget Systems. Accessed Oct. 23, 2011. http://www.pugetsystems.com/business.php . “10 Types of Computers,” Howstuffworks. Accessed Oct. 23, 2011. uters.htm . Valdes, Robert. “How Smart Watches Work?” Howstuffworks. Accessed Oct. 23, 2011. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/ clocks-watches/smart-watch.htm . “World’s Top 10 Fastest Supercomputers,” International Business Times. Accessed Oct. 23, 2011. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/166542/ puter-ja.htm . Lesson: Types of Computers Page 1 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities ü Overhead or PowerPoint projector ü Visual(s) from accompanying master(s) ü Copies of sample test, lab sheet(s), and/or other items designed for duplication ü Materials listed on duplicated items ü Computers with printers and Internet access ü Classroom resource and reference materials Key Terms. The following terms are presented in this lesson (shown in bold italics): computer large-scale systems mainframes mobile systems personal systems servers stylus supercomputers terminal work-station systems Interest Approach. Use an interest approach that will prepare the students for the lesson. Teachers often develop approaches for their unique class and student situations. A possible approach is included here. Ask students the following questions: “What kind of computer do you have at home or school? If you could have any computer you wanted, what kind would it be?” Use the conversation to move into a lesson on computer types. CONTENT SUMMARY AND TEACHING STRATEGIES Objective 1: Describe how computers can be sorted by concept. Anticipated Problem: How can computers be sorted by concept? I. Computer technology evolves quickly. Computers can be placed into a conceptual structure that will help students fundamentally sort computer technology. A conceptual structure for organizing computer types is a large-scale system, a workLesson: Types of Computers Page 2 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
station system, a personal system, and a mobile system. A broader “computer” definition can be emphasized with students. A computer is a device with a microprocessor(s) and is able to perform helpful tasks. A. Large-scale systems are computers that handle the biggest and most complicated tasks. 1. They are connected with a large number of people and other computers. 2. They are large, sometimes filling an entire room. Also, they have immense storage and computing capacities. 3. They contain extremely complex programs and capacities requiring the most intensive training and background knowledge by users. 4. They are the most expensive. 5. They require more physical space, supervision, and care. B. Work-station systems are computers that handle moderately large and complex work tasks. 1. They usually are connected with one user at a time. 2. They have peripherals for performing work (e.g., audio and video editing equipment). 3. They contain specialized software that requires more intense training and expertise. The software is used to create professional level products (e.g., videos, printed materials, or audio recordings). 4. They are more expensive than personal systems. 5. They require less physical space, supervision, and care than large system computers. However, they require more physical space, supervision, and care than personal system computers. C. Personal systems are computers that handle smaller and simpler work and storage tasks. 1. They are used by one person at a time. 2. They have commonly used software that can be learned independently by the user. 3. They are used for multiple purposes that include small business and entertainment. 4. They are less expensive. 5. They require less physical space, supervision, and care. D. Mobile systems are computers that are highly creative and portable. They are designed to travel and to be used anywhere the user goes. 1. They are used by one person at a time. 2. They have innovative hardware (e.g., miniature and flexible parts). They have highly creative software and uses. 3. They are used for multiple purposes that include small business, personal, and entertainment. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 3 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
4. There is a range of costs from least expensive to more expensive for newer and more innovative computers. This category emphasizes small size, portability, and clever uses. Teaching Strategy: Use VM–A through VM–D. Project website resources uters.htm and http://www.unm.edu/ tbeach/terms/types.html. Let students take turns narrating and explaining different information on the websites. Objective 2: Explain examples of large-scale system types of computers. Anticipated Problem: What are some examples of large-scale system types of computers? II. Mainframes are central processing units that handle data input from multiple terminals. For example, a company might network 20 terminals in an office building. A terminal is a device made of a keyboard and a display, but it does not have a processing unit of its own. All terminals are connected to the mainframe computer, which is in a different location than the terminals. A. Servers are computers that store software applications, data, and websites accessed by computers using the Internet or Intranet. For example, websites are stored on servers. When large numbers of people use their personal computers to visit websites, they are connecting to servers. B. Supercomputers are million-dollar collections of multiple processors that perform complex calculations, such as duplicating and predicting global weather patterns. Teaching Strategy: Use VM–E to exhibit information from this objective. Have students visit . After reviewing the information, have them write down two questions they have regarding information from the website. These questions can be used for further research. Objective 3: Explain examples of work-station computers. Anticipated Problem: What are some examples of work-station computers? III. Work-station computer set-ups have moderately expensive equipment. A. Audio/video production is a typical task performed at work stations. These set-ups often have specialized equipment (e.g., a recording studio) where professionallevel recordings are produced. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 4 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
B. The creation of gaming software is another example of work-station specialized equipment. 3D graphics and video games are produced at work-station computer set-ups. Teaching Strategy: Use VM–F. Have students visit http://www.pugetsystems.com/ business.php. Ask them to discover the sales and marketing pitch the website uses for selling work stations to government and businesses. [The answer is reliability and saving money from downtime caused by computer malfunctions.] Objective 4: Explain examples of personal system and mobile system computers. Anticipated Problem: What are some examples of personal and mobile system computers? IV. Desktops are larger systems meant to stay in one place. Typical desktops have separate components and do not have a rechargeable battery, but they must be plugged in to work. A tower stores the processing and memory parts. A keyboard and mouse are used for input, and a monitor is used for display. While these computers do not meet the convenience of traveling, they often have greater storage and performance capacity than mobile computers. A. Laptops (notebooks) contain the same parts as a desktop (i.e., microprocessor, memory, keyboard, and display screen) that are integrated into one mobile piece with a rechargeable battery. Laptops generally are able to perform the same tasks as desktops, but they may have less memory and processing power. B. Netbooks are smaller versions of laptops that have considerably less processing power. These small computers are meant to perform basic tasks (e.g., word processing), with an emphasis on portability. The machines are the size of a small purse or book. Some have wireless Internet connection capabilities. C. Palm-tops (handheld PCs) contain a keyboard for input and are smaller versions of netbooks. They are used for storing information and for some word processing. D. Personal Data Systems (PDA) are palm-sized computers typically loaded with data by using a plug-in memory device (e.g., a USB thumb drive), infrared technology, or radio wave technology. For example, data from a desktop can be loaded onto a PDA using a USB cord or wirelessly. These machines do not have a keyboard. Instead, they use a touchscreen. A stylus is a small pen often used with the touchscreen technology. E. iPads (tablets) are highly innovative smaller versions of laptops, except iPads do not have folding display screens and do not have external keyboards. They typically have touchscreen features with digital keyboards where users type on the touchscreen. F. Wearable computers (e.g., smartwatches) are able to connect to the Internet or exchange information with personal computers. The idea is to make information Lesson: Types of Computers Page 5 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
more accessible by integrating smaller computers into personal items that are carried with people during the day. Teaching Strategy: Use VM–G and VM–H. Have students visit s-watches/smart-watch.htm. They should get into teams of three and brainstorm a list of ways in which they would use smartwatches to help them each day. Review/Summary. Use the student learning objectives to summarize the lesson. Have students explain the content associated with each objective. Student responses can be used in determining which objectives need to be reviewed or taught from a different angle. Questions at the ends of chapters in the textbook may also be used in the Review/Summary. Application. Use the included visual master(s) and lab sheet(s) to apply the information presented in the lesson. Evaluation. Evaluation should focus on student achievement of the objectives for the lesson. Various techniques can be used, such as student performance on the application activities. A sample written test is provided. Answers to Sample Test: Part One: Matching 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. i g d a b f c h e j Part Two: Completion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Large-scale system Personal system processing work-station laptops one Lesson: Types of Computers Page 6 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
7. millions 8. Netbooks Part Three: Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a b b a a c d Lesson: Types of Computers Page 7 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
Sample Test Name Types of Computers u Part One: Matching Instructions: Match the term with the correct definition. a. b. c. d. e. computer work-station systems large-scale systems supercomputers terminal f. g. h. i. j. mainframes mobile systems servers personal systems stylus 1. Computers that handle smaller and simpler work and storage tasks 2. Computers that are highly creative and portable 3. Million-dollar collections of multiple processors that perform complex calculations, such as duplicating and predicting global weather patterns 4. A device with a microprocessor(s) and is able to perform helpful tasks 5. Computers that handle moderately large and complex work tasks 6. Central processing units that handle data input from multiple terminals 7. Computers that handle the biggest and most complicated tasks 8. Computers that store software applications, data, and websites accessed by computers using the Internet or Intranet 9. A device made of a keyboard and a display, without a processing unit of its own 10. A small pen often used with the touchscreen technology Lesson: Types of Computers Page 8 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
u Part Two: Completion Instructions: Provide the word or words to complete the following statements. 1. computers are connected with a large number of people and other computers. 2. computers have commonly used software that can be learned independently by the user. 3. A terminal is made of a keyboard and a display, but it does not have a unit of its own. 4. The creation of gaming software is an example of specialized equipment. 5. iPads are highly innovative smaller versions of , except iPads do not have folding display screens and do not have external keyboards. 6. Work-station systems are usually connected with user(s) at a time. 7. Supercomputers cost of dollars. 8. are smaller versions of laptops that have considerably less processing power. u Part Three: Multiple Choice Instructions: Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. computers sometimes occupy the space of an entire room and have immense memories. a. b. c. d. Large-scale Work-station Personal Mobile 2. Mobile system computers, which are made to travel with the user, are generally used by user(s). a. b. c. d. two one 20 1,000 Lesson: Types of Computers Page 9 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
3. Mainframes are central processing units that handle from multiple terminals. a. b. c. d. requests data input lawsuits savings accounts 4. have the capability to perform complex calculations, such as duplicating and predicting global weather patterns. a. b. c. d. Psychics Supercomputers Computers Mainframes 5. A/an stores the processing and memory parts. a. b. c. d. tower computer desktop mainframe 6. A palm top, which is used for word processing and storing , is also called a handheld PC. a. b. c. d. passwords blogs information songs 7. iPads do not have an external . a. b. c. d. hard drive USB drive power button keyboard Lesson: Types of Computers Page 10 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–A LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS Large-scale systems are computers that handle the biggest and most complicated tasks. t They are connected with a large number of people and other computers. t They are large, sometimes filling an entire room, and have immense storage and computing capacities. t They contain extremely complex programs and capacities requiring the most intensive training and background knowledge by users. t They are the most expensive. t They require more physical space, supervision, and care. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 11 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–B WORK-STATION SYSTEMS Work-station systems are computers that handle moderately large and complex work tasks. t They are usually connected with one user at a time. t They have peripherals for performing work, such as audio and video editing equipment. t They contain specialized software that requires more intense training and expertise. The software is used to create professional level products (e.g., videos, printed materials, or audio recordings). t They are more expensive than personal computers. t They require less physical space, supervision, and care than large system computers; but they need more physical space, supervision, and care than personal system computers. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 12 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–C PERSONAL SYSTEMS Personal systems are computers that handle smaller and simpler work and storage tasks. t They are used by one person at a time. t They have commonly used software that can be learned independently by the users. t They are used for multiple purposes that include small business and entertainment. t They are less expensive. t They require less physical space, supervision, and care. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 13 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–D MOBILE SYSTEMS Mobile systems are computers that are highly creative and portable; they are designed to travel and to be used anywhere the user goes. t They are used by one person at a time. t They have innovative hardware (e.g., miniature and flexible parts). They have highly creative software and uses. t They are used for multiple purposes that include small business, personal, and entertainment. t They come in a range of costs from least expensive to more expensive for newer and more innovative computers. This category emphasizes small size, portability, and clever uses. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 14 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–E EXAMPLES OF LARGE-SCALE SYSTEM COMPUTERS t Mainframes are central processing units that handle data input from multiple terminals. For example, a company might network 20 terminals in an office building. A terminal is made of a keyboard and a display, but it does not have a processing unit of its own. All terminals are connected to the mainframe computer, which is in a different location than the terminals. t Servers are computers that store software applications, data, and websites that are accessed by computers using the Internet or Intranet. For instance, websites are stored on servers. When large numbers of people use their personal computers to visit websites, they are connecting to servers. t Supercomputers are million-dollar collections of multiple processors that perform complex calculations, such as duplicating and predicting global weather patterns. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 15 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–F EXAMPLES OF WORK STATION COMPUTERS Work-station computer set-ups have moderately expensive equipment. t Audio/video production is a typical task performed at work stations. These set-ups often have specialized equipment (e.g., a recording studio) where professional-level recordings are produced. t The creation of gaming software is another example of work-station specialized equipment. 3D graphics and video games are produced at a work-station computer set-up. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 16 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–G EXAMPLES OF PERSONAL AND MOBILE SYSTEM COMPUTERS t Desktops are larger systems meant to stay in one place. Typical desktops have separate components and do not have a rechargeable battery. They must be plugged in to work. While these computers are not convenient for traveling, they often have greater storage and performance capacity than mobile computers. n A tower stores the processing and memory parts. n A keyboard and mouse are used for input. n A monitor is used for display. t Laptops (notebooks) contain the same parts as desktops (microprocessor, memory, keyboard, and display screen), but the parts are integrated into one piece that is mobile with a rechargeable battery capable of lasting unplugged for hours. Laptops generally are able to perform the same tasks as desktops, but they may have less memory and processing power. t Netbooks are smaller versions of laptops that have considerably less processing power. These small computers are meant to perform basic tasks (e.g., word processing), with an emphasis on portability. The machines are the size of a small purse or book. Some have wireless Internet connection capabilities. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 17 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
VM–H MORE EXAMPLES OF PERSONAL AND MOBILE COMPUTERS t Palm-tops (handheld PCs) contain a keyboard for input and are smaller versions of netbooks. They are used for storing information and for some word processing. t Personal Data Systems (PDA) are palm-sized computers that are typically loaded with data by using a plug-in memory device (e.g., a USB thumb drive), infrared technology, or radio wave technology. These machines do not have a keyboard; they use a touchscreen. A stylus is a small pen often used with the touchscreen technology. t iPads (tablets) are highly innovative smaller versions of laptops, except iPads do not have folding display screens and do not have external keyboards. They typically have touchscreen features, with digital keyboards where people type onto the touchscreen. t Wearable computers are items such as “smartwatches” that are able to connect to the Internet or exchange information with personal computers. The idea is to make information more accessible by integrating smaller computers into personal items that are carried with people during the day. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 18 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
LS–A Name Dream Design Purpose The purpose of this activity is to research three types of computer set-ups: mobile, personal, and work-station and to plan a personal dream design for what computer equipment you want. Objectives 1. Research mobile, personal, and work-station computers. 2. Design your dream computer equipment on these three levels. Materials t lab sheet t writing utensil t Internet-connected computer t word processor Procedure 1. Using the “Key Word Search” suggestion list provided in this lab, complete Internet research on computers in the following three areas: mobile, personal computer, and work station. 2. Visit the “50 Best Computer Workstation (Mac/PC) Setups” website for design ideas on setting up a work-station. 3. Write a two-page “personal dream design” for what types of computers you want on the following three levels: mobile, personal, and work-station. Use ideas from the website and the Dream Design questions to help write your plan. Lesson: Types of Computers Page 19 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
Key Word Search t Mobile devices t Laptops t Personal computers t Work-station computers Workstation Design Website workstation-pcmac-setups/ Dream Design Questions What kind of mobile computer do you want? What tasks would you use a mobile computer to do? How would you carry your mobile device around with you (e.g., bag, pocket, purse, or belt)? (Search for accessories with your mobile device. They can help with carrying it around.) What type of personal computer would you buy: Mac or PC? From what company would you buy a personal computer? Why would you choose that company? What computer equipment would you have in your work station? What kind of work would you do at your work station? Would you need any specialized peripheral equipment at your work station? Lesson: Types of Computers Page 20 u www.MyCAERT.com Copyright by CAERT, Inc. Reproduction by subscription only. L620201
1 Describe how computers can be sorted by concept. 2 Explain examples of large-scale system types of computers. 3 Explain examples of work-station computers. 4 Explain examples of personal system and mobile system computers. Resources. The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:
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