Assessing Your Renewable Energy Resources
Assessing Your Renewable Energy Resources Roger Taylor Principal Project Manager Tribal Energy Program 10/27/2010 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Clear Sky Direct (Beam) Global (Total) Diffuse (Sky) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Partly Cloudy Sky Direct (Beam) Global (Total) Diffuse (Sky) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
A Plot of Land, 100 Miles on a side, in Nevada could provide all the kWh consumed by the U.S. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
U.S. Southwest GIS Screening Analysis for CSP Generation Screening Approach Initial solar resource and GIS screening analysis used to identify regions most economically favorable to construction of large-scale CSP systems GIS analysis used in conjunction with transmission and market analysis to identify favorable regions in the southwest NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Solar Resource Screening Analysis All Solar Resources 1. Start with direct normal solar resource estimates derived from 10 km satellite data. Eliminate locations with less than 6.0 2. kWh/m2/day. Exclude environmentally sensitive lands, 3. major urban areas, and water features. Remove land areas with greater than 1% (and 4. 3%) average land slope. Eliminate areas with a minimum contiguous 5. area of less than 1 square kilometers. Locations Suitable for Development NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
GIS Solar Resource Screening Analysis Unfiltered Resource Land Exclusions National Renewable NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Solar 6.0 kwh/m2-day Slope Exclusions
Optimal CSP Sites from CSP Capacity Supply Curves NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
354 MW Luz Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS) Nine Plants built 1984 - 1991 National Renewable Energy NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
64 MWe Acciona Nevada Solar One Solar Parabolic Trough Plant NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
SunEdison 8MW, San Louis Valley, CO NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
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Importance of “Micro-Siting” NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Calculating Turbine Output 1,800 90 1,600 80 1,400 70 1,200 60 1,000 50 800 40 600 30 400 20 200 10 0 Wind Turbine Power (kW) Wind Speed Distribution (hours) / Annual Energy Prodcution (10s of kWh) Estimating Annual Wind Turbine Production 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Speed Distribution (Hours) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Annual Energy Production (10s of kWh) WTG Power (kW)
WIND ROSE Wind Rose NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Energy Rose
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Geothermal Resource Potential NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Geothermal Manifestations Geysir, Iceland NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Diagram courtesy of the the Geothermal Education Office NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Diagram courtesy of the the Geothermal Education Office NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
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Hydroelectric Power: Where It Comes From Flowing water has energy that can be captured for some useful purpose When this energy is captured and used to generate electricity, it is called hydroelectric power or hydropower Hydropower plants use the energy of flowing water to turn a turbine that rotates a generator to produce electricity Hydrologic cycle: sun causes evaporation from lakes and oceans, forms clouds, falls as rain or snow, then flows back down to the ocean, and the cycle repeats Hydropower is renewable because the water cycle is an endless, constantly recharging system Hydropower uses a fuel (water) that is not consumed in the process of generating electricity NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY The water (hydrologic) cycle
Hydroelectricity Physics Head Power (kW) 10 x Flow (m3/s) x Head (m) x Power (kW) Head (ft) x Flow (cfs) x /11.8 turbine-generator efficiency 80% NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Potential Resources Virtual Hydropower Prospector Region Selector http://hydropower.id.doe.gov/prospector/r selector.shtml New Conventional Hydro (low power to large hydro) 62,300 MW Hydrokinetic 12,800 MW (tidal only assessed for 5 states, ocean current not assessed) Wave Energy 10,000 to 20,000 MW TOTAL 85-95 GW NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Existing Hydro, Transmission, Land Ownership NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Micro-Hydro Penstock NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Yakama Wapato Irrigation Project Drop 4 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
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Definitions Hydrokinetic: “Moving Water” (no dams!) – Currents: Ocean & River – Waves NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
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Resource Assessment Water Speed Profile of Yukon River at Circle NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Hydro Green Energy delivered the first of two hydrokinetic turbines to Hastings, Minnesota, in early December. The barge-mounted power plant will be parked in the output of Mississippi Lock and Dam No. 2, which is visible in the background. (12/15/08) http://www.eere.energy.gov/news/images/08 12 17 hydrokinetic turbine.jpg NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Challenges/Considerations » » » » » » » » » River “Trash” (Debris) Ice & break-up Silt Water Speed Anchoring Power Delivery to Shore Navigable Waters Fish Permitting NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
From: f NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Potential in Alaska NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Indigenous renewable energy resources are key to human survival and future village economies in Alaska Diesel-based villages are likely, not sustainable Geothermal Wind Small Hydro Solar July Biomass NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Biomass & Bioenergy Flows pulp paper Fiber lumber plywood cotton Materials Process Residues black liquor sawdust bark Crops, Animals Consumers Food MSW clean fraction yard trimmings constr. & demolition wood non-recyclable organics Process Residues dung bagasse Biomass stalks & straws harvest residues forest slash forest harvest for energy plantations NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Energy Services heat CHP electricity Bioenergycharcoal biogas Biofuels ethanol
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Biomass Energy Pathways Thermal Excess Oxygen Combustion Partial Oxygen Gasification Biochemical No Oxygen Pretreatment Physical A/D Hydrolysis Pyrolysis (Heat & Pressure) Fermentation Heat Heat/power/CHP Boiler, steam turbine generator Co-fire with coal Fuel Gases (producer gas) (CO H2) Char, gases, aerosols (syn gas) IC engine for CHP Steam turbine Catalytic conversion to alcohols, chemicals NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Ethanol CH4 Liquids Cooling Bio-oil for boilers Bio-oil for power Specialty chemicals Further refining for transportation fuels Source: NREL
Wood stove heating Seasoned firewood (20% moisture) @ 300/cord ( 150/ton) 20 MBTU/cord high efficiency wood stove @ 77% efficiency 20/MBTU delivered to home 2.50/gal heating oil NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Commercial-Scale Wood Heating Green wood chips (50% moisture) @ 50/ton 8.6 MBTU/ton in a high efficiency wood boiler @ 85% efficiency 7.00/MBTU delivered to building NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Range of Biorefinery Concepts Biomass Feedstock Trees Grasses Agricultural Crops Residues Animal Wastes Municipal Solid Waste Algae Food Oils NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Conversion Processes Enzymatic Fermentation Gas/liquid Fermentation Acid Hydrolysis/ Fermentation Gasification Combustion Co-firing Trans-esterification Products Fuels Ethanol Biodiesel “Green” Gasoline & Diesel Power Electricity Heat Chemicals Plastics Solvents Chemical Intermediates Phenolics Adhesives Furfural Fatty Acids Acetic Acid Carbon Black Paints Dyes, Pigments, and Ink Detergents Etc. Food and Feed
U.S. Biomass Resource Potentials Corn (largest volume grain and source of EtOH in U.S.) Potential to displace 10-20% of our gasoline Food Supplies Soybeans, fats & greases (largest sources of biodiesel) Potential to displace 5-10% of our diesel Over 1 billion tons/year of lignocellulosic biomass (trees, grasses, etc.) could be available in the U.S. Potential to displace 50-70% of our gasoline Short-term: improve cost and efficiency of corn ethanol & biodiesel Mid to Long-term: focus on lignocellulose (trees, grasses, & residues) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Not a Food Supply
U.S. Biomass Resource Assessment Updated resource assessment - April 2005 Jointly developed by U.S. DOE and USDA Referred to as the “Billion Ton Study” NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
The 1.3 Billion Ton Biomass Scenario Billion Barrel of Oil Equivalents Based on ORNL & USDA Resource Assessment Study by Perlach et.al. (April 2005) http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final billionton vision report2.pdf NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Jet Fuel From Algae NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
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Energy Efficiency NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Building Design NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Assessing Your Renewable Energy Resources Roger Taylor Principal Project Manager Tribal Energy Program 10/27/2010. NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Clear Sky Direct
3. Name the advantages of non-renewable energy resources. 4. Name the disadvantages of renewable energy resources. 5. Name the disadvantages of non-renewable energy resources. 6. Why are non-renewable energy resources considered finite? 7. What are some of the environmental concerns that can occur with non-renewable energy resources? 8.
renewable resources (renewable energy) and sets the FiT rate. The DLs will pay for renewable energy supplied to the electricity grid for a specific duration. By guaranteeing access to the grid and setting a favourable price per unit of renewable energy, the FiT mechanism would ensure that renewable energy becomes a viable and sound long-term
4.0 Renewable Energy Market 4.1 Policy Framework for renewable energy 4.1.1 Policies and Strategies for Renewable Energy Promotion 4.1.2 Main actors 4.1.3 Regulatory Framework 4.1.4 Licensing Procedures for Renewable Energy 4.1.5 Feed-in-Tariff 4.2 Business Opportunities and Potentials of Renewable Energy Sources 4.2.1 Bioenergy 4.2.2 Solar energy
The EU's renewable energy policy framework 5 - 9 Renewable energy support schemes 10 - 12 Renewable energy within the EU's rural development policy framework 13 - 17 Audit scope and approach 18 - 22 Observations 23 - 82 The EU's renewable energy policy framework could better exploit the opportunities of renewable energy deployment in .
1. FOUNDATIONS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS 14 1.1 Overview of renewable energy targets at the global level 14 1.2. Brief history of renewable energy targets 17 1.3. Key aspects and definition of renewable energy targets 22 1.4. Theoretical foundations of targets 28 2. MAIN FUNCTIONS AND BASIS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS 31 2.1.
renewable energy sources. The Government has set a very ambitious target of adding 175 GW of renewable energy by 20226. While this is a recent policy announcement, it would be pertinent to highlight the progress of renewable energy sources over the last two decades. The following graph depicts the journey of renewable energy
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Tracking Systems: Costs & Verification Issues . Jenny Heeter, Renewable Energy Analyst . National Renewable Energy Laboratory . October 11, 2013
accounting profession plays in economic and social development of societies. The Imperatives of Accounting Profession. In a long narrative (Burchell, et al., 1980) stated that the roles of accounting which grace the introductions to accounting texts, professional pronouncements and the statements of those concerned with the regulation and development of the profession is a clear manifestation .
