Raschig Super Rings
Raschig Super Rings High-performance, free-flowing random metal and plastic packing for scrubber and stripper applications. Product Technical Bulletin 625
Raschig Super-Rings Mass transfer Effective mass transfer between phases demands not only a large interfacial area but also the most turbulent possible flow conditions and frequent renewal of the phase interfaces. A packed bed of Raschig Super-Rings produces numerous thin films of liquid in turbulent flow. These are formed on the sinusoidal webs and are constantly intermixed as the result of the recurrent contact points within each packing piece. Performance data of the Raschig Super-Rings Empirical studies have confirmed the above comments. The following Figures show the pressure drop of the Raschig Super-Rings as a function of the gas capacity factor at various liquid loads. As a result of a very open structure of Raschig Super-Rings the pressure drop of dry packing is significantly lower than that of dry 50 mm ( 2”) metal Pall Rings. This difference increases as a function of liquid load. Also Raschig Super-Rings has substantially lower pressure drop than other 50 mm metal packings. The loading capacity of the Raschig Super-Rings is presented in the following Figures. Raschig Super-Rings has a higher loading capacity versus 50 mm metal Pall Rings. Additionally Raschig Super-Rings has significantly higher loading capacity versus other packings. Also presented are data of absorption of ammonia from air into water. The separation efficiency of Raschig Super-Rings is up to 14% better than that of 50 mm metal Pall Rings or other similar metal packing choices. Furthermore the low mass per unit volume of Raschig Super-Rings allows for lower cost supporting elements in a column. And Raschig Super-Rings achieves less mass per cubic foot without sacrificing stability. Empirical studies have shown that packed depth of 15 m ( 50 ft) is practical. This is the result of the alternating wave design of the metal webs of Raschig Super-Rings . Additionally this alternating wave structure prevents entanglement / bridging of the individual packing pieces within a packed bed thus guaranteeing problem-free assembly and dismantling of a tower. Raschig Super-Rings is also suitable for liquids contaminated with solids as the result of its open structure. Table 1 presents the technical data of Raschig Super-Rings . 2
Raschig Super-Ring The alternating wave structure prevents entanglement / bridging of individual packing pieces. This assures problem free assembly and dismantling of a tower. Owing to its open structure Raschig Super-Rings is also suitable for liquids bearing heavy solids loading. Tables 1 and 2 present the technical data of metal and plastic Raschig Super-Rings . Table 1: Technical data of metal Raschig Super-Rings Size 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 1 1.5 2 3 4 14,300 5,100 4,110 2,100 1,290 910 340 270 122 110 20 14 17 15 15 14 11 10 9 8 Surface Area ft2/ft3 138 96 76 66 55 46 37 31 24 21 Void % 95 96 97 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 Pieces /ft3 Weight lbm/ft3 Table 2: Technical data of plastic Raschig Super-Rings Size Number of Pieces / ft3 Geometric Surface Area Void % ft2/ft3 0.6 2 3 1,530 255 113 63 31 23 93 96 97 3
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water 2000 2000 1000 1000 900 800 700 900 800 700 600 600 500 500 Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] uL 0 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) 10 u L 0 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2h) 40 30 20 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 10 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 30 20 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.5 40 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.3 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 Gas capacity factor F V [Pa1/2 ] 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F V [Pa 3.0 1/2 4.0 ] 4 5.0 6.0
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.7 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGs No. 1 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m Liquid load u L in (m 3/m 2 h) Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2h) 1000 0 10 30 20 1000 900 800 700 900 800 700 600 600 500 500 Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] 40 uL 0 10 uL 20 2000 40 30 2000 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F V [Pa 3.0 1/2 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 ] 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F V [Pa 3.0 1/2 ] 5 4.0 5.0 6.0
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1.5 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m Column diameter: 0.75 m Packing height: 3.0 m Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) 0 22.6 34.0 45.3 67.9 90.5 1000 1000 900 800 700 900 800 700 600 600 500 500 Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] 113.2 uL 0 10 20 uL 40 30 2000 158.4 135.8 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) 2000 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of metal Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F V [Pa Gas capacity factor F V [Pa 1/2] 3.0 1/2 ] 6 4.0 5.0 6.0
Pressure drop of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 3 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 Column diameter: 0.440 m Packing height: 2.0 m Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m Liquid load u L in (m 3/m 2h) Liquid load u L in (m 3/m 2h) 40 30 20 10 100 80 60 u L 113 uL 0 2000 40 30 20 10 2000 1000 1000 900 800 700 900 800 700 Raschig Super-Ring No. 3 made of metal 600 500 Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] Specific pressure drop p/H [Pa/m] 0 600 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 500 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.3 Gas capacity factor FV [Pa 1/2 ] 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gas capacity factor FV [Pa 1/2 ] 7 5.0 6.0
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream 0.04 0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 0.3 made of metal 0.03 L aPh [1/s] 0.025 0.02 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.3 0.015 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa 0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 0.04 0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 0.5 made of metal 0.03 L aPh [1/s] 0.025 0.02 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.5 0.015 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa 0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 8
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream 0.04 0.035 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal 0.03 L aPh [1/s] 0.025 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.7 0.02 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.015 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 0.04 0.035 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 1 made of metal 0.03 L aPh [1/s] 0.025 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1 0.02 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.015 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 10
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream 0.04 0.035 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal 0.03 L aPh [1/s] 0.025 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1.5 0.02 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.015 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa 0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of metal L aPh [1/s] 0.015 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa 0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 11
Transfer efficiency of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS in the desorption of CO2 from water into an atmospheric air-stream 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 3 made of metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 3 L aPh [1/s] 0.015 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa 0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of plastic L aPh [1/s] 0.015 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.01 Gas capacity factor Fv 1.8 Pa 0.5 0.005 5 10 20 30 40 50 Liquid load u L [m³/m²h] 12
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase 0.4 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal 0.3 HTU ov [m] RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.3 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.2 Liquid load u L 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 3.0 1/2 4.0 5.0 ] 0.4 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal 0.3 HTU ov [m] RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.5 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.2 Liquid load u L 10 m 3/m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 1/2] 13
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase 0.4 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal 0.3 HTU ov [m] RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.7 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.2 Liquid load u L 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 3.0 1/2 4.0 5.0 ] 0.7 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal 0.6 HTU ov [m] 0.5 0.4 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1 0.3 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.2 Liquid load u L 10 m 3/m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 1/2 ] 14
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase 0.7 0.6 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal 0.5 HTU ov [m] 0.4 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1.5 0.3 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.2 Liquid load uL 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 1/2 ] 0.7 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of metal 0.6 0.5 HTU ov [m] 0.4 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 0.3 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.2 Liquid load u L 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa1/2 ] 15
Height of a transfer unit HTUOV for metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS for the absorption of NH3 from air in water in the gaseous phase 0.7 Raschig Super-Ring No. 3 made of metal 0.6 HTU ov [m] 0.5 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 3 0.4 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.3 Liquid load u L 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 1/2 ] 0.7 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic 0.6 0.5 HTU ov [m] 0.4 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 0.3 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.2 Liquid load u L 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 1/2 ] 16
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water 0.20 Liquid load u L in (m 3/m 2h) 40 30 uL 20 Liquid hold-up hL [m3/m3] 0.10 10 0.08 0.07 0.06 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.3 0.05 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.04 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa Liquid hold-up hL [m3/m3] 0.20 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) u L 1/2 4.0 5.0 ] 40 30 20 10 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.5 0.05 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 1.0 m 0.04 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.5 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa 3.0 1/2 4.0 5.0 ] 17
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water 0.20 Liquid load u L in (m 3/m 2h) Liquid hold-up hL [m3/m3] u L 40 0.10 30 0.08 0.07 0.06 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 0.7 20 0.05 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 10 0.04 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.7 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 Gas capacity factor F v [Pa Liquid hold-up hL in m3/m3 0.20 1/2 4.0 5.0 ] Liquid load u L in (m 3/m 2h) u L 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 40 30 0.05 20 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 10 0.04 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F v in Pa 3.0 4.0 5.0 1/2 18
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water Liquid hold-up hL in m3/m3 0.20 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) 0.10 uL 40 30 0.08 0.07 0.06 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 1.5 20 0.05 0.04 10 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring No. 1.5 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F v in Pa 0.10 3.0 5.0 Liquid load uL in (m 3 /m 2h) 0.08 0.07 Liquid hold-uo hL in m3/m3 4.0 1/2 uL 0.06 40 30 0.05 20 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 10 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.04 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 2 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor Fv in Pa 3.0 4.0 5.0 1/2 19
Liquid hold-up in columns with metal RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS system: air/water 0.10 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) Liquid hold-up hL in m3/m3 0.08 0.07 0.06 u L 0.05 40 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 3 30 0.04 20 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.03 10 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring Nr. 3 made of metal 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 Gas capacity factor F v in Pa Liquid hold-up hL in m3/m3 0.20 3.0 4.0 5.0 1/2 Liquid load u L in (m 3 /m 2 h) 0.10 u L 0.08 0.07 0.06 40 0.05 20 RASCHIG SUPER-RINGS No. 2 30 Column diameter: 0.288 m Packing height: 2.0 m 0.04 10 0.03 0.02 Raschig Super-Ring No. 2 made of plastic 0.01 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 2.0 3.0 Gas capacity factor F v in Pa 4.0 5.0 1/2 20
For more information and design assistance, please contact us at: Raschig USA, Inc. Formerly Raschig Jaeger Technologies 2201 E. Lamar Blvd. #240 Arlington, TX 76006 800-678-0345 817-695-5680 info@raschig-usa.com Raschig Super-Rings is a Registered Trademark of Raschig USA, Inc.
Performance data of the Raschig Super-Rings Empirical studies have confirmed the above comments. The following Figures show the pressure drop of the Raschig Super-Rings as a function of the gas capacity factor at various liquid loads. As a result of a very open structure of Raschig Super-Rings the pressure drop of dry packing is
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Both SAS SUPER 100 and SAS SUPER 180 are identified by the “SAS SUPER” logo on the right side of the instrument. The SAS SUPER 180 air sampler is recognizable by the SAS SUPER 180 logo that appears on the display when the operator turns on the unit. Rev. 9 Pg. 7File Size: 1MBPage Count: 40Explore furtherOperating Instructions for the SAS Super 180www.usmslab.comOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUALassetcloud.roccommerce.netAir samplers, SAS Super DUO 360 VWRuk.vwr.comMAS-100 NT Manual PDF Calibration Microsoft Windowswww.scribd.com“SAS SUPER 100/180”, “DUO SAS SUPER 360”, “SAS .archive-resources.coleparmer Recommended to you b
2.4 Homomorphism and quotient rings 28 2.5 Special rings 30 2.6 Modules 34 2.7 Rings with chain conditions 35 3. Smarandache rings and its properties 3.1 Definition of Smarandache ring with examples 38 3.2 Smarandache units in rings 41 3.3 Smarandache zero divisors in rings 46
Heavy Duty Back-Up Rings Heavy Duty back-up rings are configured with a greater axial thickness (T) dimension. The extra thickness provides more extrusion protec-tion for O-Rings. These rings are interchange-able with MS27595, MS28774, MS28782 and MS28783 back-up rings used in MIL-G-5514 packing glands. Heavy duty rings are available
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seminear-rings using loops and groupoids which we call as groupoid near-rings, near loop rings, groupoid seminear-rings and loop seminear-ring. For all these concepts a Smarandache analogue is defined and several Smarandache properties are introduced and studied. The ninth chapter deals with fuzzy concepts in near-rings and gives 5
Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Southwell Street, Bristol, BS2 8EJ. Receipt of these documents is a condition of our acceptance. If we do not receive these documents within 14 days of registration of the death we will be required to decline the bequest. At the time of donation the next of kin or executor will be asked to complete form ‘Instructions for the .
