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www.aiu.edu Campus Mundi # 94 Atlantic International University Rumours Harawa Lumala Master of Science Public Health Malawi Glory Bamiji Bachelor of Arts Business Management Nigeria Koh Yam Nwang Bachelor of Management Management Singapore Okoya Olamide Abiola Bachelor of Business Administration Business Management USA Elaine Rhiann Johnstone Bachelor of Education Education Zimbabwe Alou Coulibaly Master of Science Mining Engineering Mali Olusegun Akintayo Bachelor of Science Computer Science Nigeria Million Abraha Doctor of Science Epidemiology and Public Health Switzerland Monovi Sauma Amani Doctor of Financial Management Leadership and Governance Vanuatu Lloyd Pararai Fende Post-Doctorate of Business Administration Project Management Zimbabwe Luis Alejandro Vázquez Vázquez Doctor of Legal Studies International Legal Studies Mexico Inemi Erete Stephen Master of Science Behavioral Economics Nigeria Philbert Boniphas Nyangwe Master of Science Civil Engineering Tanzania Ernest Mutale Mwila Doctor of Psychology Counseling Zambia Mazambani Jireh J Master of Commerce Actuarial Science and Finance Zimbabwe James Gerard Mc Cabe Bachelor of Science Psychology Mexico Lourdes Y. Del Rosario Q. Doctor of Healthcare Administration Healthcare Administration Panama Natasha M Hunter Associate of Occupational Therapist Health Science Education Trinidad and Tobago Amado Rubén Guinto Herrera Doctor of Business Administration Business Administration Mexico Berle Estalin Briones Llamoctanta Bachelor of International Business International Business Peru Ronald Kawuma Bachelor of Science Quantity Surveying Uganda Munyaradzi Mushore Bachelor of Management Project Management Mozambique Roberto Rene Ramirez Bengoa Post-Doctorate of Psychology Psychology Peru Gamusi John Master of Science Plant Breeding and Genetics Uganda Janak Raj Shah Doctor of Philosophy Privatization Management Nepal Reynaldo, Chipana Oscco Bachelor of Secondary Education Biology and Chemistry Peru Usman Muhammad Javed Doctor of Science International Relations United Kingdom Adeola Adesola Essien Doctor of Philosophy Entrepreneurship, Research and Business Mgmt Nigeria Antulio Navarro Ciar Bachelor of Science Mechanical Engineering Philippines Alisha Janelle Brookes Bachelor of Science Education Godwin Akoh Doctor of Philosophy Organizational Behavior Management Nigeria Demiana Nausi Kumoru Master of Social Work Gender, Social Issues and Social Justice Republic Marshall Islands Antonio Morales Gutiérrez Bachelor of Science Nutrition and Natural Health Olawale Olajide Solomon Bachelor of Science Information Technology Nigeria Mohammed Saleh Hassan Alharbi Bachelor of Business Administration Business Administration Saudi Arabia Rayon Anthony Mcfarlane Doctor of Philosophy Alternative Energy Image: abcnews.go.com USA USA USA FIND MORE GRADUATES Gallery: aiu.edu/Graduation/grids/currentgallery.html Interviews: www.aiu.edu/Graduation/grids/interviews.html Nepal · Nigeria · Panama · Peru · Philippines · Republic Marshall Islands · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Switzerland · Tanzania · Trinidad & Tobago · Uganda · UK · USA · Vanuatu · Zambia · Zimbabwe

STUDENT SPACE www.aiu.edu Campus Mundi # 94 Atlantic International University F I N D M O R E T E S T I M O N I A L S F R O M A I U S T U D E N T S H E R E : w w w.aiu.edu /Test im on ia ls.a spx Ojo Emmanuel Ademola Doctor of Cyber Security July 16, 2021 “I , Professor Ojo Emmanuel Ademola, at this moment stated that my experience as a Doctoral Student of Atlantic International University is simply exemplary. I mean, starting from the support I received from my Admission Counselor, Tutor, Academic Advisor, Thesis Defense Advisors to the finance office, student services, Graduation Advisor, and much more; overall, my experience is excellent!!! I am so glad to successfully pursue my PhD Cyber Security with this exemplary University. Kevin Cornette Master of Business Management July 23, 2021 “A tlantic International University (AIU) creates an atmosphere that is conducive for learning, although it is done virtually. Prior to me embarking on my journey of the completion of my Master’s Degree in Business Management, I hadn’t any idea as to what Program I wanted to pursue or even how I would’ve performed when I started the program because my prior knowledge of Master’s Degree is challenging. When I actually got started, the AIU Tutors and AIU Website made the experience one to remember and ultimately, learning a breeze. The experience at Atlantic International University (AIU): Enabled me to be a better and A1 Leader Sharpened my Management Skills Enabled me to gain competitive advantage over my peers I developed the confidence needed to express myself in any situation My effective communication skills were improved The program placed me on a path to fully maximize my potential The completion of the program placed my one step closer to the accomplishment of a work goal, that is, becoming a Chief Executive of my company Being a student of the Atlantic International University (AIU) also allowed me to develop a wider perspective of life and learning. The quality of education I gained was top tier due to the University’s sustainable education design which does not limit the student but places us in a position to choose paths that are relevant to us and our goals. In conclusion, it was a great experience and I am truly proud of myself on the accomplishment of my Master’s Degree in Business Management with Honors, Cum Laude. Antulio Navarro Ciar Bachelor of Mechanical Engienering July 30, 2021 “I Victor Obimma Doctor of Project Management July 13, 2021 “A tlantic international university sees acquiring knowledge as a human right for all because through education one is enabled to develop and acquire a set of capabilities to lead ones lives in a meaningful and fulfilling way. Hence, the university encourages students to look at the larger aspects of what one tends to achieve at the end of the day. I have never come across an institution that gives such a resounding encouragement to their students as AIU. Even when I am finding it very difficult to cope with my work time and studies, I was assisted by my academic advisor to find a way out of this. I was not also thrown out of class because I did not pay my tuition fee as the university have an excellent payment approach. I have an excellent and wonderful experience with Atlantic International University. n today’s society, online courses are widely used in colleges, universities and graduate schools. For me having a full time job, taking up online courses at Atlantic International University helps me a lot. The use of online courses at AIU for a working person like me has made my life easier. I was able to manage my time working while studying. I have learned that to be a distance learner, you have to be self-disciplined and able to work well on your own. I was able to communicate well with the instructors whenever I have questions about certain topic. During my online courses at AIU I was able to widen my knowledge on the course I was taking. It helps me big time on my current job I have right now. Though sometimes I have experienced some problems but still I was able to manage all those problems I have encountered with the help of my instructors and finally finished my course. To summarize all this in my experience with AIU online course the good things outweight the bad ones. AIU online course fits my lifestyle and . Read full text: https://www.aiu.edu/Testimonialdetail.html?ItemID 1748&rcid 73&pcid 63&cid 73

www.aiu.edu Campus Mundi # 94 Atlantic International University The life of a seafarer a post covid-19 strategy Image: www.tradewindsnews.com Capt. Paul Mandela Ogoun Doctorate in Transportation & Logistics Part 1/2 Introduction Arguments have arisen as to the job description of seafarers —arguing whether seafarers as a term in the field of maritime and international laws of the sea should be defined in line with their functions, place of functions and timings of the functions. But the strongest arguments tend to be issues of place of functions —arguing whether seafarers works on board ship while at sea or while at port; and the prevailing argument is that seafarers works on board a ship while at the sea. It follows that the point of services of a seafarer is a key term in defining who a seafarer is; therefrom a seafarer carries out ship-related services while on board a ship at sea and not at the port. Generally, there are tons of activities which seafarers are adorned to do which in most cases deny the seafarers ample opportunities of being with family, friends and relatives for a usual period of time; thereby compelling them to adopt and adapt to coping strategies which aids them to manage and deal with issues relating but not limited depression, loneliness, fears, anxiety, helplessness, etc. Though, Covid-19 had impacts and implications on both macro and micro sectors of the economy across the globe; it is evidently observed that Covid-19 had its strokes on seafarers a great extent perhaps owing to the nature of their jobs. It is the basis of the foregoing that the study proposed salient and effective post Covid-19 strategy which may be applied in the life of a seafarer. The aim of this study is to make an overview of the life of a seafarer and post Covid-19 strategy. By conducting the study, the study discusses the meaning of a seafarer, the job descriptions and the post Covid-19 strategy in respect to the life of a seafarer. The applicable methodology for the study is a desk review research which allows the researchers to make use of existing literatures in order to attain the aim of the study. Meaning of Seafarer A seafarer is a person employed by a ship owner for the purpose of handling shipping related services while on board a ship at sea. A seafarer takes part in the operations

www.aiu.edu Campus Mundi # 94 co-operating craftsmen, researchers, service technicians are not considered as seafarers. While some arguments posit on whether the aforementioned categories of persons not classified as seafarers are covered under the minimum protection and other entitlement available to seafarers; it is clearly stated that unless where the minimum protection and other entitlement are provided to apply to persons other than seafarers; such strictly apply to persons qualified under the appropriate definitions as seafarers, only2. Image: www.nor-shipping.com and maintenance of the ship extending to the provisioning of persons boarding the ship. A seafarer is a person who carries out functions like repairs, maintenance and other general services not limited to cleaning, catering, etc. while on board a ship at sea1. It has been argued whether the point of services is a key term in defining who a seafarer is; the prevailing rationale tints to the line that point of services (at sea or at port) is a key term in defining who a seafarer is; and on that note a seafarer operates in a ship while on board at sea. From the foregoing, it is good to state in this article certain categories of employees or persons who carry out shipping related services but with their services and job performance being done on land are not incorporated in the term ‘seafarer’. Take for instance, an offshore specialist, Atlantic International University Life of a Seafarer By the job description of seafarers; confinements are customary to seafarers. The probabilities are high that seafarers may stay on board all through a given contract period with a dire low probability of being a shore leave. As a 1 Coutroubis, A. D. Menelaou, A. A. and Adami, E. ‘Impact of coronavirus disease (covid-19) on seafarers’ life and well-being’, International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health 41(21): 16-27, 2020. 2 BBC, Seafarers in limbo as coronavirus hits shipping; 2020; Available on https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52289303 [Accessed 12 May, 2021] 3 International Labour Organisation (ILO), Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 as amended, (MLC 2006). Available on https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/ en/f?p NORMLEXPUB:91:0::NO::P91 SECTION:MLCA AMEND A2 [Accessed 13 May, 2021] 4 Coutroubis, A. D. Menelaou, A. A. and Adami, E. ‘Impact of coronavirus disease (covid-19) on seafarers’ life and well-being’, International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health 41(21): 16-27, 2020. 5 Statista, Number of ships in the world merchant fleet as of January 1, 2019, by type; 2020. Available on https://www.statista.com/ eby-type [Accessed 14 May, 2021] 6 International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), Global Supply and Demand for Seafarers. Available on ers [Accessed 13 May, 2021] seafarer, it is the responsibility of the seafarers irrespective of less numerical strengths to fully run and manage lives on ship which may be compared to a functional township in a conventional setting —the seafarers make and maintain their own source of power supply, water supply, food supply and management, routine management and in some cases be in-charge for managing crisis in the ship3. With experience, it is possible for a seafarer to grow in coping physically and mentally in the job performance which requires mental resilience and physical fitness. With the forms of activities the seafarers are adorned to do —which often denies them the opportunity of being with family, friends and relatives for a longer period of time— seafarers are pushed to adopt and adapt to coping strategies which aids them to manage and deal with issues relating but not limited to depression, loneliness, fears, anxiety, helplessness, etc.4 As of the first month of the year, 2019 there were over 53,000 ships in the number of merchant fleet across the globe5. Also, there are over a million and half a million certified seafarers performing different services on international merchant ships with over 700,000 as officers and over 800,000 as ratings. Amongst the countries in the world; the largest supplier of all the seafarers rated from China, Philippines, Indonesia, Russia, etc.6 In a 2015 report; it is shown that while there was over 115,000 surplus in

www.aiu.edu Campus Mundi # 94 Atlantic International University Where the provisions of the Image: www.weforum.org ILO Convention, (MLC 2006) the number of ratings; on the other hand, there was shortage of over 16,000 with an overall surplus of over 100,000 seafarers7. Generally, the nature of employment contracts for seafarers usually cover a duration of 8 months and 5 months for ratings and officers respectively (Management level 4 and Operational level 5-6); with vacation time being 3 months on the average. Vacation is adjudged in accordance with the seafarers’ rank and country of origin. Where the vessels in consideration are ones registered in and under recognized flag states, 9 International Transport Federation (ITF). Available on https://www.itfglobal.org/ en [Accessed 14 May, 2021]; ITF Agreements. Available on https://www.itfseafarers. org/en/your-rights/itf-agreements [Accessed 13 May, 2021] 10 Maritime and Coast Guard Agency (MCA), MGN 477(M), Maritime Labour Convention, 2006: Seafarers' Employment Agreements; 2020. Available on https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment data/file/558110/MGN 477 MLC SEAs. pdf [Accessed on 13 May, 2021] 11 TIME magazine: World Health Organization Declares Covid-19 a 'Pandemic.'; 2020. Available on https://www.time.com/5791661/ whocoronavirus-pandemic-declaration/ [Accessed on 13 May, 2021). the contracts of employment for an individual are mainly negotiated under collective national agreements aligning with terms and conditions which are in accordance to the provisions of the ILO Convention8. Where the vessels are registered under Flags of Convenience (FOCs), the contract of employment for the individual is meant to align with the provisions of the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) which makes provisions for a form of Special Agreements and Collective Bargaining Agreements9. are considered in relation to the terms and conditions of employment for seafarers; it is evident that the seafarers are employed for specific term, and after such term, the seafarers ought to be considered for repatriation and leave. Accordingly, the Maritime and Coast Guard Agency, in line with the convention has provided a seafarer is not meant to serve on board for a period exceeding 52 weeks (excluding the period of annual statutory paid leave) without the seafarer being entitled to repatriation10. However, a seafarer is not obliged to proceed on the repatriation; also a ship owner or employer is prohibited from keeping a seafarer on board beyond the expiration of the maximum period of service except under a case of emergency or circumstances which are extenuating in nature. And usually, the number of complements assigned to a crew is determined by the type and size of vessels. Where it has to do with tankers, the manning levels are provided in Table 1. Life of a Seafarer and Covid-19 outbreak The declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic was done on March 11th, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO) with over 100,000 cases in more than 100 countries and as well as surging risk of a devastating rate of rapid spreading across the globe11. In response to the pandemic, TABLE 1 TYPE MINIMUM MAXIMUM VLCC Suezmax Aframax Panamax bulker Handy bulker/reefer General cargo Container Feeder 24 22 21 20 20 16 18 18 26 24 24 24 22 20 24 20 LNG / LPG 15 24 Product tanker Automated 20 24 Source: Google search by Author

many countries across globe relay to similar preventive measures not limited to border closure; restriction of movements, lockdowns, etc. As the surge in the spread and complications of the pandemic add on; the safety measures extends consequentially as commercial vessels were restricted in their operations and eventually crew members were prohibited from disembarking. The implications of the measures taken amongst other things were that it appeared as if seafarers on board are imprisoned and kept for an undetermined period on board. On the other hand, the team of seafarers on waiting list to be co-opted into service in the vessels under an employment contract were gravely affected all round. It is reported that only 36 out of the 136 countries monitored across the globe allowed for repatriation of crew members; however such was done under strict rules and specific conditions which were not common12. In as much as some countries took some forms of contingenc

Campus Mundi MY AIU MAGAZINE Year 8, #94 September 2021 www.aiu.edu We carefully choose the contents of this magazine with you in mind -to inspire you and make you think Share your thoughts with us! Mailbox aiumagazine@aiu.edu Contents. in touch. July 28, 2021. One of our graduates, Dr. Siv-arajasingam