EISENHOWER ON D-DAY

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LESSON PLANEISENHOWER ON D-DAYComparing Primary and Secondary Sources(Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-25600.)INTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVEOn June 6, 1944, more than 175,000Allied troops stormed the beaches ofNormandy, France, in what became thelargest amphibious military invasion inhistory. Countless military and politicalofficials spent years planning for thisoperation, and yet the decision to finallylaunch the attack rested with SupremeAllied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower.On the morning of D-Day, he issued an“order of the day” to all Allied personnelinvolved in the operation. He madenumerous edits to the text before approvingit in its final form, a testament to theimportance he attached to this documentand the invasion it described. In thisactivity, students will analyze Eisenhower’sOrder of the Day message along with asecondary source about the Normandyinvasion to compare and contrast howhistorians and historical actors use factsand language to explain historical events.Students will analyze both a primary sourceand a secondary source about the 1944Normandy invasion to understand howhistorical actors and historians alike usefacts and language to develop historicalnarratives.GRADE LEVEL7–12TIME REQUIREMENT1–2 class periodsONLINE RESOURCESww2classroom.orgD-Day Invasion VideoRoland Chaisson Oral HistoryBreakout from Normandy MapEisenhower's Order of the Day52LESSON PLANEISENHOWER ON D-DAYThe War in Europe

TEACHERSTANDARDSCOMMON CORE STANDARDSCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.2Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accuratesummary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.6Identify aspects of a text that reveal an author's point of view or purpose (for example, loadedlanguage, inclusion or avoidance of particular facts).CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.8Distinguish among fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment in a text.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.6-8.9Analyze the relationship between a primary and secondary source on the same topic.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.9-10.5Analyze how a text uses structure to emphasize key points or advance an explanation or analysis.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.11-12.2Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accuratesummary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.11-12.5Analyze in detail how a complex primary source is structured, including how key sentences,paragraphs, and larger portions of the text contribute to the whole.NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR HISTORYHISTORICAL CONTENT ERA 8, STANDARD 3AThe student understands World War II and how the Allies prevailed.HISTORICAL THINKING STANDARD 2The student is able to identify the central question(s) the historical narrative addresses and thepurpose, perspective, or point of view from which it has been constructed.The student is able to differentiate between historical facts and historical interpretations butacknowledge that the two are related; that the facts the historian reports are selected and reflecttherefore the historian’s judgment of what is most significant about the past.The student is able to read historical narratives imaginatively, taking into account what the narrativereveals of the humanity of the individuals and groups involved—their probable values, outlook,motives, hopes, fears, strengths, and weaknesses.HISTORICAL THINKING STANDARD 5The student is able to identify issues and problems in the past and analyze the interests, values,perspectives, and points of view of those involved in the situation.LESSON PLANEISENHOWER ON D-DAYThe War in Europe53

TEACHERPROCEDURES1. Have students read the Normandy Invasion Overview Essay either silently or aloud as a wholeclass, underlining the most important statements of fact and circling the most importantstatements of opinion or interpretation. Explain that the essay presents one explanation of theNormandy invasion, reminding them that historia

3. Use the discussion guide to check students’ understanding of the essay and the difference between facts and opinion/interpretation. 4. Introduce Eisenhower’s Order of the Day as a primary source that can help us understand how the Normandy invasion was viewed by the

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