Basic System Administration - VMware
Basic System AdministrationESX Server 3.0.1 and Virtual Center 2.0.1This document supports the version of each product listed andsupports all subsequent versions until the document is replacedby a new edition. To check for more recent editions of thisdocument, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.VI-ENG-Q306-293
Basic System AdministrationYou can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:http://www.vmware.com/support/The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to:docfeedback@vmware.comCopyright 2006, 2008, 2010 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. andinternational copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or morepatents listed at http://www.vmware.com/go/patents.VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or otherjurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies.VMware, Inc.3401 Hillview Ave.Palo Alto, CA 94304www.vmware.com2VMware, Inc.
ContentsPreface11Getting Started1 VMware Infrastructure Components 17Two Approaches to Managing Virtual Machines 17Components of VMware Infrastructure 19Virtual Infrastructure Client Interfaces 21Optional VirtualCenter Components 21Managed Components 22Functional Components 24Access Privileges Components 252 Using this Document 27Getting Started 27Virtual Machine ManagementSystem Administration 29Appendixes 29283 Starting and Stopping the VMware Infrastructure Components 31ESX Server 31VirtualCenter Server 33Verifying That VirtualCenter Server Started 33Restarting the VirtualCenter Server 34Stopping the VirtualCenter Server 34VI Client 34Starting the VI Client and Logging On 35Stopping the VI Client and Logging Off 36VI Web Access 36Logging In and Out of VI Web Access 36VMware Service Console 37VMware, Inc.3
Basic System AdministrationUsing DHCP for the Service Console 38Connecting to the Service Console 38Using Commands on the Service Console 384 Using the VI Client 41VI Client Overview 41Menu Bar 43Pop‐Up Menus 45Console Menu 45Navigation Bar 46Inventory View Tabs 49Toolbar 52Status Bar, Recent Tasks, and Triggered Alarms 53Panel Sections 53Sorting and Filtering Lists 54Using Custom Attributes 55Selecting and Viewing Objects 57Selecting Objects 57Monitoring Objects 58Performing Actions on Objects 595 System Configuration 61Host Configuration for ESX Server and VirtualCenter 61Configuring a Host 62Hardware Tab 62Software Tab 63Viewing Network Configuration Information 64Viewing Storage Configuration Information 64Viewing Security Configuration Information 64Viewing ESX Server Command Information 65VirtualCenter Configuration 66Configuring VirtualCenter Communication 68Configuring the Port That VirtualCenter Server Uses 69Configuring VirtualCenter Communication over a Web Connection 69Virtual Machine Configuration 71Working with Active Sessions 73SNMP Configuration 74Using MIBs with Your SNMP Traps 74Understanding SNMP Trap and Variable Definitions 75Using SNMP to Monitor the Computer Running ESX Server 774VMware, Inc.
ContentsInformation About the Physical Computer 77Information About the Virtual Machines 78SNMP Traps 78Setting Up ESX Server SNMP 79Installing the ESX Server SNMP Module 79Installing the ESX Server MIB Module 79Configuring the ESX Server Agent from the Service Console 79Configuring SNMP Trap Destinations 80Configuring SNMP Management Client Software 80Configuring SNMP Security 81Using SNMP with Guest Operating Systems 81System Log Files 81Viewing System Log Entries 82External System Logs 83Exporting Diagnostic Data 86Collecting Log Files 876 Managing the VI Client Inventory 91Understanding VI Client Objects 91Adding an Inventory Object 96Moving Objects in the Inventory 97Removing an Inventory Object 987 Managing Hosts in VirtualCenter 99Hosts Overview 99Understanding Host States 101Adding a Host 101Connecting or Disconnecting a Host 104Automatically Reconnecting a Host 106Removing a Host from a Cluster 106Removing a Host from VirtualCenter 108Host Advanced Configuration Options 110Virtual Machine Management8 Creating Virtual Machines 113Using the New Virtual Machine Wizard 114Creating Typical Virtual Machines 115VMware, Inc.5
Basic System AdministrationCreating Custom Virtual Machines 121Mapping a SAN LUN 130Installing a Guest Operating System 132Installing and Upgrading VMware Tools 133Limitations 133VMware Tools Properties Dialog Box 135Options Tab 135Devices Tab 136Scripts Tab 136About Tab 138Automated VMware Tools Upgrades 1389 Managing Virtual Machines 141Changing Virtual Machine Power States 141Understanding Virtual Machine Power States 142Understanding Transitional Power States 144Manually Powering a Virtual Machine On and Off 144Using Suspend and Resume 145Scheduling a Power State Change for a Virtual Machine 146Adding and Removing Virtual Machines 150Adding Existing Virtual Machines to VirtualCenter 150Removing and Returning Virtual Machines from VirtualCenter 151Returning a Virtual Machine to VirtualCenter 152Starting and Shutting Down Virtual Machines 15510 Configuring Virtual Machines 159Virtual Machine Properties Editor 159Changing the Hardware Configuration of a Virtual MachineChanging Virtual Machine Options 170Changing Virtual Machine Resource Settings 175CPU Resources 175Advanced CPU Settings 176Memory Resources 178Disk Resources 179Changing the Audio Configuration 180Adding New Hardware 181Adding DVD/CD‐ROM or Floppy Devices 1836160VMware, Inc.
Contents11 Customizing Guest Operating Systems 189Preparing for Guest Customization 190Customizing a Windows Guest Operating System 190Using the Customization Specification Wizard 196Using the Clone Virtual Machine Wizard 199Completing a Guest Operating System Customization 200Completing Linux Guest Operating System Customization 200Completing Windows Guest Operating System Customization 20112 Working with Templates and Clones 203Understanding Templates 203Creating Templates 204Editing a Template 208Deploying Virtual Machines from Templates 209Deleting a Template 212Regaining Templates 213Cloning an Existing Virtual Machine 215Creating a Scheduled Task to Clone a Virtual Machine21813 Using Snapshots 221Understanding Snapshots 221Relationship Between Snapshots 222Snapshots and Other Activity in the Virtual Machine 223Taking a Snapshot 223Changing Disk Mode to Exclude Virtual Disks from Snapshots 225Using the Snapshot Manager 226Restoring a Snapshot 227Parent Snapshot 228Revert to Snapshot Command 22914 Migrating Virtual Machines 231Overview 231Migration 233Migration with VMotion 233VMotion Requirements 234Shared Storage 234Shared VMFS Volume or NAS StorageCPU Compatibility 234Networking Requirements 236VMware, Inc.2347
Basic System AdministrationVMotion Compatibility 237CPU Compatibility Masks 238Migration Wizard 239System Administration15 Managing Users, Groups, Permissions, and Roles 247Access Elements 248Access Rules 248Hierarchical Inheritance 249Multiple Permission Settings 249Tasks Requiring Settings on Multiple Objects 250Users 251Groups 253Permissions 254Roles 254Creating Roles 257Cloning Roles 259Editing Roles 260Removing Roles 261Renaming Roles 262Access Permissions 262Assigning Access Permissions 263Adjusting the Search List in Large Domains 266Changing Access Permissions 267Removing Access Permissions 26816 Monitoring Your Vmware Infrastructure Environment 269Monitoring Your VMware Infrastructure EnvironmentPerformance Charts 270Performance Chart Resources 270Performance Chart View 271Selecting Performance Chart Options 271Viewing Stacked Graphs 273Setting the Statistics Collection Intervals 274Changing the Statistics Collection Level 276Maps 276Global Maps 277Inventory Maps 2778269VMware, Inc.
ContentsVMotion Resource Maps 277Map Elements and Icons 279Viewing the Maps 280Editing the Maps 280Printing Maps 284Exporting Maps 285Navigating Between Maps 286Displaying Object Menus in Maps 28617 Managing Tasks, Events, and Alarms 289Managing Tasks 289Understanding Tasks 290Viewing and Performing Tasks 290Managing Scheduled Tasks 293Rescheduling a Scheduled Task 300Removing a Scheduled Task 300Canceling a Task 301Managing Events 303Viewing All Event Messages 303Viewing Selected Event Messages 305Sorting and Filtering Event Messages 306Exporting Event Messages 307Managing Alarms 308Understanding Alarms 309Preparing for Email Message SMTP Alarm Notification 311Preparing for SNMP Alarm Notification 312Creating Alarms 314Editing Alarms 320Removing Alarms 321AppendixesA Defined Privileges 325Alarm Management 326Datacenter 327Datastore 327Folders 328Global 329Host Configuration 330VMware, Inc.9
Basic System AdministrationHost Inventory 331Host Local Operations 332Network 333Performance 333Permissions 334Resource 334Scheduled Task 336Sessions 336Virtual Machine Configuration 337Virtual Machine Interaction 339Virtual Machine Inventory 340Virtual Machine Provisioning 341Virtual Machine State 342B Installing the Microsoft Sysprep Tools 345C Performance Chart Measurements 349CPU 350Disk 350DRS 352Memory 352Network 354Resource Group 354System 355Index 35710VMware, Inc.
PrefaceThis preface describes the contents of Basic System Administration and provides pointersto VMware technical and educational resources.This preface contains the following topics: “About This Book” on page 11 “Technical Support and Education Resources” on page 13About This BookThis manual, Basic System Administration, describes how to start and stop the VirtualInfrastructure Client components, build your VMware Infrastructure environment,monitor and manage the information generated about the components, and set up rolesand permissions for users and groups using the VMware Infrastructure environment.This manual also provides information for managing, creating, and configuring virtualmachines in your datacenter.In addition, this manual provides brief introductions to the various tasks you canperform within the system as well as cross‐references to the documentation thatdescribes all the tasks in detail.Revision HistoryThis manual is revised with each release of the product or when necessary. A revisedversion can contain minor or major changes. Table P‐1 provides you with the revisionhistory of this manual.VMware, Inc.11
Basic System AdministrationTable P-1. Revision HistoryRevisionDescription20060615ESX Server 3.0 and VirtualCenter 2.0 version of VMware Infrastructure 3Basic System Administration. This is the first edition of this manual.20060921ESX Server 3.0.1 and VirtualCenter 2.0.1 version of VMware Infrastructure3 Basic System Administration. This edition includes minor changes tovirtual machine template, new virtual machine wizard, and migrationinformation.Intended AudienceThe information presented in this manual is written for system administrators who areexperienced Windows or Linux system administrators and who are familiar withvirtual machine technology and datacenter operations.Document FeedbackIf you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to:docfeedback@vmware.comVMware Infrastructure DocumentationThe VMware Infrastructure documentation consists of the combined VirtualCenter andESX Server documentation set.You can access the most current versions of this manual and other books by going ble P‐2 illustrates the typographic conventions used in this manual.Table P-2. Conventions Used in This Manual12StyleElementsBlue (online only)Cross‐references and email addressesBlue boldface (online only)LinksBlack boldfaceUser interface elements such as button names and menu itemsMonospaceCommands, filenames, directories, and pathsMonospace boldUser inputVMware, Inc.
PrefaceTable P-2. Conventions Used in This Manual (Continued)StyleElementsItalicDocument titles, glossary terms, and occasional emphasis Name Variable and parameter namesAbbreviations Used in GraphicsThe graphics in this manual use the abbreviations listed in Table P‐3.Table P-3. rVIVirtual Infrastructure ClientserverVirtualCenter ServerdatabaseVirtualCenter databasehostnVirtualCenter managed hostsVM#Virtual machines on a managed hostuser#User with access permissionsdsk#Storage disk for the managed hostdatastoreStorage for the managed hostSANStorage area network type datastore shared between managed hoststmpltTemplateTechnical Support and Education ResourcesThe following sections describe the technical support resources available to you.Self-Service SupportUse the VMware Technology Network (VMTN) for self‐help tools and technicalinformation: Product information – http://www.vmware.com/products/ Technology information – http://www.vmware.com/vcommunity/technology Documentation – http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs VMTN Knowledge Base – http://www.vmware.com/support/kb Discussion forums – http://www.vmware.com/communityVMware, Inc.13
Basic System Administration User groups – r more information about the VMware Technology Network, go tohttp://www.vmtn.net.Online and Telephone SupportUse online support to submit technical support requests, view your product andcontract information, and register your products. Go tohttp://www.vmware.com/support.Customers with appropriate support contracts should use telephone support for thefastest response on priority 1 issues. Go tohttp://www.vmware.com/support/phone support.html.Support OfferingsFind out how VMware support offerings can help meet your business needs. Go tohttp://www.vmware.com/support/services.VMware Education ServicesVMware courses offer extensive hands‐on labs, case study examples, and coursematerials designed to be used as on‐the‐job reference tools. For more information aboutVMware Education Services, go to re, Inc.
Getting StartedVMware, Inc.15
Basic System Administration16VMware, Inc.
1VMware InfrastructureComponents1This chapter introduces VMware Infrastructure components and the operations thatyou use when managing your virtual machines through ESX Server or VirtualCenterServer.This chapter contains the following topics: “Two Approaches to Managing Virtual Machines” on page 17 “Components of VMware Infrastructure” on page 19 “Virtual Infrastructure Client Interfaces” on page 21 “Optional VirtualCenter Components” on page 21 “Managed Components” on page 22 “Functional Components” on page 24 “Access Privileges Components” on page 25Two Approaches to Managing Virtual MachinesVirtual Infrastructure Client (VI Client) is a flexible, configurable solution for managingyour virtual machines. There are two primary methods for managing your virtualmachines: Directly through an ESX Server (a single or standalone host) that can manage onlythose virtual machines, and their resources, installed on it. Through a VirtualCenter Server that manages multiple virtual machines and theirresources distributed over many ESX Server hosts.VMware, Inc.17
Basic System AdministrationThe figure below illustrates the components in an ESX Server Virtual Infrastructure.VI ClientVI ClientHost AgentVMVMVMESX Server hostdatastoreFigure 1-1. VMware Infrastructure Components with an ESX ServerThe figure below illustrates the components in a VirtualCenter Server VirtualInfrastructure.VI ClientVI ClientVI ClientVirtualCenterLicense ServerVirtualCenterAgentVMVMVI ClientVirtualCenterServerVirtualCenterAgentVMVMESX Server hostVMVCdatabaseVirtualCenterAgentVMVMESX Server hostdatastoreVI ClientVMVMESX Server hostshareddatastoreFigure 1-2. VMware Infrastructure Components with a VirtualCenter Server18VMware, Inc.
Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure ComponentsComponents of VMware InfrastructureTo run your VMware Infrastructure environment, you need the following items: ESX Server – The virtualization platform used to create the virtual machines as aset of configuration and disk files that together perform all the functions of aphysical machine.Through ESX Server, you run the virtual machines, install operating systems, runapplications, and configure the virtual machines. Configuration includesidentifying the virtual machine’s resources, such as storage devices.The server incorporates a resource manager and service console that providesbootstrapping, management, and other services that manage your virtualmachines.Each ESX Server has a VI Client available for your management use. If your ESXServer is a registered host with the VirtualCenter Management Server, a VI Clientthat accommodates the VirtualCenter features is available. VirtualCenter – A service that acts as a central administrator for VMware ESXServer hosts that are connected on a network. VirtualCenter directs actions on thevirtual machines and the virtual machine hosts (the ESX Server hosts). VirtualCenter Management Server (VirtualCenter Server) – The working core ofVirtualCenter. VirtualCenter Server is a single Windows Service and is installed torun automatically. As a Windows Service, the VirtualCenter Server runscontinuously in the background, performing its monitoring and managingactivities even when no VI Clients are connected and even if nobody is logged onto the computer where it resides. It must have network access to all the hosts itmanages and be available for network access from any machine where the VIClient is run. VirtualCenter database – A persistent storage area for maintaining status of eachvirtual machine, host, and user managed in the VirtualCenter environment. TheVirtualCenter database can be remote or local to the VirtualCenter Server machine.The database is installed and configured during VirtualCenter installation.If you are accessing your ESX Server directly through a VI Client, and not througha VirtualCenter Server and associated VI Client, you do not use a VirtualCenterdatabase. Datastore – The storage locations for the virtual machine files specified whencreating virtual machines. Datastores hide the idiosyncrasies of various storageoptions (such as VMFS volumes on local SCSI disks of the server, the Fibre ChannelSAN disk arrays, the iSCSI SAN disk arrays, or Network Attached Storage (NAS)VMware, Inc.19
Basic System Administrationarrays) and provide a uniform model for various storage products required byvirtual machines. VirtualCenter agent – On each managed host, software that collects,communicates, and executes the actions received from the VirtualCenter Server.The VirtualCenter agent is installed the first time any ESX Server host is added tothe VirtualCenter inventory. Host agent – On each managed host, software that collects, communicates, andexecutes the actions received through the VI Client. It is installed as part of the ESXServer installation. VirtualCenter license server – Server that stores software licenses required formost operations in VirtualCenter and ESX Server, such as powering on a virtualmachine.VirtualCenter and ESX Server support two modes of licensing: licenseserver‐based and host‐based. In host‐based licensing mode, the license files arestored on individual ESX Server hosts. In license server‐based licensing mode,licenses are stored on a license server, which makes these licenses available to oneor more hosts. You can run a mixed environment employing both host‐based andlicense server‐based licensing.VirtualCenter and features that require VirtualCenter, such as VMotion, must belicensed in license server‐based mode. ESX Server‐specific features can be licensedin either license server‐based or host‐based mode.For complete information on installing these components, refer to the Installationand Upgrade Guide. For complete information on configuring ESX Server, refer tothe Server Configuration Guide.20VMware, Inc.
Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure ComponentsVirtual Infrastruc
Basic System Administration. This is the first edition of this manual. 20060921 ESX Server 3.0.1 and VirtualCenter 2.0.1 version of VMware Infrastructure 3 Basic System Administration. This edition includes minor changes to virtual machine template, new virtual machine wizard, and migration information.
2.7 VMware vCenter Support Assistant 22 2.8 VMware Continuent 23 2.9 VMware Hyper-Converged Infrastructure Kits 23 2.10 VMware Site Recovery Manager 23 2.11 VMware NSX 24 2.12 VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer 28 2.13 VMware SD-WAN by VeloCloud 29 2.14 VMware Edge Network Intelligence 30 2.15 VMware NSX Firewall 30
the VMware Hybrid Cloud Native VMware management tools extend on-prem services across VMware Hybrid Cloud vRealize adapters allow "first class citizen" status for VMware Cloud on AWS Leverage same in-house VMware tools and processes across VMware Hybrid Cloud Support the cloud agility strategy of the organisation without disruption
VMware, Inc. 9 About ThisBook The Guest Operating System Installation Guide provides users of VMware ESX Server, VMware GSX Server, VMware Server, VMware ACE, VMware Workstation, and VMware Fusion information about installing guest operating systems in
VMware ESX Server uses a virtual disk file format different from the format used by VMware products that run on a host operating system—such as VMware GSX Server, VMware Server, VMware Player, VMware Workstation, and VMware Fusion. As a result, when you move a virtual machine from a system
8. Install VMware Fusion by launching the “Install VMware Fusion.pkg”. 9. Register VMware Fusion when prompted and configure preferences as necessary. 10. Quit VMware Fusion. Create a VMware Fusion Virtual Machine package with Composer 1. Launch VMware Fusion from /Applications. 2. Cre
VMware View 18 VMware Mirage 21 VMware Workspace 24 Summary 25 Chapter 2 VMware View Architecture 27 Introduction 27 Approaching the Design and Architecture 27 Phase I: Requirements Gathering and Assessment 28 Phase II: Analysis 29 Phase III: Calculate 30 Phase IV: Design 32 VMware View Server Architecture 33 VMware View Connection Server 34
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