ARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN
ARIZONA SUSTAINABLECOMMUNITY GARDENResource GuideYour Guide to Establishing and Sustaininga Community Garden in Your Neighborhood
1.0 INTRODUCTIONBetween 2010 and 2014, a series of participatory community workshops were held in several Phoenixneighborhoods. Facilitated by graduate students from Arizona State University (ASU) and the Elemental Group,LLC and supported by Vitalyst Health Foundation (formerly St Luke’s Health Initiatives), these workshopsbrought residents and community leaders together to discuss what was working within their communitiesand what needed improvement. The participating communities were Maryvale through the Maryvale on theMove project; South Phoenix through the South Phoenix: Grounded and Growing and CUSP initiatives; andthe Gateway, Eastlake/Garfield, Midtown, Uptown and Solano neighborhoods from the Reinvent Phoenixproject. At each workshop it quickly became clear that there is an abundance of social and human capitalwithin each neighborhood and that as a result, many good things are happening: People are starting andsupporting community gardens; people are creating opportunities for youth to learn job skills; and peopleare creating educational and economic venues for community members to realize their potential.At each workshop, residents also outlined aspects of theircommunities that required action. Significantly, even thougheach of the communities is distinct with its own character,many of the identified areas of need are similar. Nearly allresidents cited the need for better access to healthy foods,safe and accessible outdoor areas for recreation and publictransportation, as well as greater opportunities to showcasetheir talents and increase household income. Many residentsand community leaders expressed eagerness to work tobring these improvements to their neighborhoods.Responding to the desire of communities to improve accessto healthy food, exercise control over the availability andchoice of healthy food, and increase neighborhood cohesionand resiliency, Vitalyst Health Foundation published theCommunity Garden Tool Kit in 2015. The prevalence of thesefeelings in communities throughout Arizona is also the reasonthat the Arizona Department of Health Services decidedto update and expand on the information that documentcontained to create this Arizona Sustainable CommunityGarden Resource Guide to help aspiring community gardenersacross the state.MARICOPA COUNTY EXTENSION GARDEN, PHOTO BY EILEEN KANE (FLICKR: CC)
CONTENTS1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2APPENDIX B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.0 WHAT IS A COMMUNITY GARDEN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4MODEL GARDENER’S AGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.0 BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY GARDENS. . . . . . . . . . . .54.0 TYPES OF COMMUNITY GARDENS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6MODEL COMMUNITY GARDEN RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38SAMPLE COMMUNITY GARDEN BUDGET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46REMEMBER THE DETAILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.0 STARTING A COMMUNITY GARDEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49STEP ONE: FORM A PLANNING COMMITTEE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9FACT SHEET: WATER USE IN COMMUNITY GARDENS –ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . 50STEP TWO: DETERMINE WHAT TYPE OF GARDENTO CREATE AND IDENTIFY MISSION AND GOALS. . . . . . . . . . 9STEP THREE: GENERATE COMMUNITY SUPPORT. . . . . . . . . 10STEP FOUR: ESTABLISH A FORMAL ORGANIZATION. . . . . . . 10STEP FIVE: CHOOSE A SITE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11STEP SIX, PART A: DETERMINE OWNERSHIPAND NEGOTIATE LEASE TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12STEP SIX, PART B: ASSESS THE HISTORYAND CONDITION OF THE SITE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13STEP SEVEN: DESIGN THE GARDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.0 SUSTAINING THE GARDEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20STEP EIGHT: CHOOSE A GOVERNING STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . 20STEP NINE: OBTAIN FUNDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22STEP TEN: CREATE A BUDGET AND MANAGE MONEY. . . . . 22STEP ELEVEN: MANAGE THE GARDENAND ADDRESS CHALLENGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23LOCATION/ELEVATION SPECIFIC PLANTING GUIDES –LOWER ELEVATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-61VEGETABLE PLANTING CALENDAR FORMARICOPA COUNTY – UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONACOOPERATIVE EXTENSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES FOR UP TO3,500’ ELEVATIONS – UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONACOOPERATIVE EXTENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55PLANTING AND HARVESTING IN THELOW DESERT – NATIVE SEEDS/SEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . 60LOCATION/ELEVATION SPECIFIC PLANTING GUIDES HIGHER ELEVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-68YAVAPAI COUNTY VEGETABLE PLANTINGDATES – UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONACOOPERATIVE EXTENSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62GROWING TOMATOES ABOVE 6,000’ELEVATIONS – UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONACOOPERATIVE EXTENSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64APPENDIX A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26FEBRUARY GARDENING TIPS FROMNAVAJO COUNTY – UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONACOOPERATIVE EXTENSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67SAMPLE FLYER FOR OUTREACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27STATEWIDE PLANTING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-78MODEL LEASE AGREEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28TEN STEPS TO A SUCCESSFUL VEGETABLEGARDEN – UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONACOOPERATIVE EXTENSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69STEP TWELVE: FOSTER THE COMMUNITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25SAMPLE LETTER TO PROPERTY OWNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND THANKS: VITALYST HEALTH FOUNDATION, ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES, MARINA ACOSTA OF THE UNIVERSITYOF ARIZONA EXTENSION – PHOENIX, C.J. HAGER OF VITALYST HEALTH FOUNDATION, DAVE LANEY OF ATC GROUP SERVICES, LLC, KATIE POIRIER OF THEMOLLEN FOUNDATION, CHANGELAB SOLUTIONS 2017 BY ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES, 150 N 18TH AVE, SUITE 140, PHOENIX AZ 85007. 602-542-1025. AZDHS.GOV. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.ARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDE3
2.0 WHAT IS A COMMUNITY GARDEN?“Community gardens come in a variety of forms but at their core are defined as any piece of land, eitherpublicly or privately owned, where plants are grown and maintained by a group of people in the community.”(www.publichealthlawcenter.org) However, in practice they are much more. Community gardens aresources of fresh produce, places for physical exercise, community gathering sites and educational places. AsDenver Urban Gardens notes, “a community garden is a unique and inclusive community space; it reflectsthe personality and tells the story of the gardeners and the neighborhood that surrounds it.” (www.dug.org)MESA URBAN GARDEN (MUG), PHOTOBY DAVID CRUMMEY (FLICKR: CC).4ARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDE
3.0 BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY GARDENSAccording to Designing Healthy Communities, community gardens “play a significant role in enhancing thephysical, emotional, and spiritual well-being necessary to build healthy and socially sustainable communities.”*As people come together to create and maintain a garden, they socialize with neighbors, family, seniors, andchildren; develop cross-cultural connections; and grow healthy food for themselves and to share with thebroader community. All of these things work together to increase community ownership and build socialcapital, creating relationships and networks that help sustain and grow a thriving community.The benefits of community gardens extend beyond creating and strengthening community connections.They include: improved overall health of participants attributable to reduced stress levels; healthiereating and increased physical activity; lower family food budgets due to access to inexpensive fresh fruitsand vegetables; possibility for employment, economic development and neighborhood revitalization;opportunities to learn about horticulture and positive environmental practices such as composting andrecycling; and the preservation and beautification of neighborhood green space. Some research suggeststhat community gardens reduce crime and increase surrounding property values.*** The Role of Community Gardens in Sustaining Healthy Communities, Designing Healthy Communities, itygardens-sustaining-healthy-communities/** Garvin, E., Cannuscio, C. and Branas, C. (2013). Greening vacant lots to reduce violent crime: a randomized controlled trial. Injury Prevention, 19(3): 198-203.;Voicu, I. and Been, V. (2008). The Effect of Community Gardens on Neighboring Property Values. Real Estate Economics, 36(2): 241-283.).THE BENEFITS OFCOMMUNITY GARDENSEXTEND BEYOND CREATINGAND STRENGTHENINGCOMMUNITY CONNECTIONS.PHOTO BY BOB NICHOLS, USDA NRCSARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDE5
4.0 TYPES OF COMMUNITY GARDENSCommunity gardens range from traditional neighborhood gardens that feature subdivided plots tended byindividuals or families to gardens associated with a place of worship or community center to gardens with aspecific purpose such as job training or stocking a food pantry. The following list provides a snapshot of thevariety of community gardens currently operating locally.Traditional NeighborhoodCommunity GardensSeparate garden plots that are rented to families orindividuals to grow food. Gardeners work together toorganize gatherings, community work days and dailyoperations. Typically there are ten or more garden plots inthis type of garden.Local examples: Garden Patch Community Garden, Avondale, AZwww.avondalegardenpatch.com Native Health Community Garden, Phoenix, AZwww.nativehealthphoenix.org/community-garden Century Heights Community Garden, Yuma, AZwww.facebook.com/CenturyGardenFood Donation Community GardensGardeners donate all or some of the produce from theirgarden to food banks.Local examples: Payson Community Garden, Payson, AZwww.paysoncommunitygardenaz.com Community Food Bank of Southern Arizona –Garden Program, Tucson, AZwww.communityfoodbank.org/garden Escalante Community Garden, Tempe, ration Community GardensGenerally open to the public, demonstration gardens act asopen air classrooms, providing education on a particular setof topics or issues.Local examples: Las Milpitas de Cottonwood, Tucson, AZwww.communityfoodbank.org/las-milpitas University of Arizona Cooperative ExtensionDemonstration Garden, Phoenix, AZ6ARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDEPHOTO BY AMANDA MILLS, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
PHX RENEWS,COMMUNITY GARDENS,PHOENIX, AZ.PHXRENEWS.ORGJob Training, Economic Empowermentand Entrepreneurial GardensGardeners are supported with training and technical assistance to help them startnew businesses.Local examples: International Rescue Committee New Roots Garden, Phoenix, AZ“ WHEN I BECAME MAYOR, Ajo Center for Sustainable Agriculture Many Hands Urban Farmand Learning Center, Ajo, -LearningCenter/852480701516408I RECOGNIZED THE Spaces of Opportunity Garden, Phoenix, NITY AND Beneficial Beans Garden, Phoenix, enTO WORK TO BRINGGARDEN OF TOMORROWNEGATIVE IMPACT VACANTLOTS HAVE ON OURBUSINESSES. SO, WE GOTBUSINESSES, COMMUNITYMEMBERS, AND NONPROFITS TOGETHER TOTRANSFORM THESE LOTSINTO NEW OPPORTUNITIES.”GREG STANTON, MAYOR OF PHOENIXARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDE7
Youth Enrichment and Education GardensExperiential learning for children and adolescents.Local examples: Orchard Community Learning Center, Phoenix, AZwww.orchardlearningcenter.org Rez Refuge Garden, Fort Defiance, AZwww.rezrefuge.org/gardenInstitutional Community GardensGardens associated with public or private institutions including places of worship,hospitals, community centers and government facilities.Local examples: Cancer Treatment Centers of America – Goodyear, services/ Faith United Methodist Church – West Alice Community Garden, Phoenix, den/PHOTO BY SCOTT BAUER, USDA-ARS Benedict Community Garden, Our Lady of Guadalupe Monastery, Phoenix, AZwww.olgmonastery.com/benedicts-garden/ Arizona Department of Health Services Garden, Phoenix, AZNEW ROOTS GARDEN, PHOENIX, AZ8
5.0 STARTING A COMMUNITY GARDENCreating a community garden takes planning, organization, and most of all, teamwork. Use these steps tohelp you get organized so you can get your garden growing! While the steps are listed in the sequencethat is most likely to result in the successful establishment of a new community garden, each garden isunique and has its own set of challenges and opportunities. This means that you should proceed in whatevermanner makes the most sense given your particular circumstances. For example, if a property is donated fora community garden, choosing a site might be the first thing you do, even though it is listed as the fifth stepin this discussion.Step One: Form a Planning Committee Step Two: Determine What TypeThe Planning Committee is composed of a core group of Garden to Create and Identifyof community members with a shared vision of creating Mission and Goalsa garden. The Committee may grow from a handful ofmembers to a larger group as the planning unfolds. Overtime, the Planning Committee will conduct outreach andgenerate broader community support, decide what typeof garden will be created, hold meetings, select a site, gainpermission to use the site, develop and execute a lease withthe landowner, secure any permits that may be needed,obtain insurance, set up financial and business structuresfor the garden, identify resources needed, create a designfor the garden, and establish a management and operatingstructure for day-to-day operation.Successful, sustainable community gardens feature somecommon elements: they entertain broad support in thecommunity before they are established; their mission andgoals align with community needs; and the value theydemonstrate to community members is clear.The first job of the Planning Committee is to decide whattype of garden to create. Start by discussing what theneeds are in your community. Then, identify how a gardencould help to address some of them. Use this discussion toestablish the goals of the garden. Then, develop a missionstatement based on those goals. Write down both yourmission statement and goals so you can keep coming back tothem as you go through the planning process.Once you have developed your mission and goals, you areready to consider the question: What type of garden will helpus achieve them? You may start by considering more thanone type of garden and finalize the decision after you havegauged the community’s response.ORCHARD COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTER, PHOENIX, AZ,PHOTO BY AMANDA CLAYTONARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDE9
Step Three: Generate Community SupportGetting support from the community helps to ensure that the garden not onlyserves the needs of those who use it, but also others in the community, regardlessof whether they are actively involved in the day-to-day operation and maintenanceof the garden. A frequently cited reason for community garden failure is that thegarden’s focus was too narrow and benefited only a small percentage of thosewhose time and talents were necessary to help it grow and flourish. The bestand most successful gardens are those that have broad support from diverseindividuals and groups in the community.To generate the type of support necessary for a community garden to succeedand to make it truly sustainable, the Planning Committee should conduct outreachto educate and inform the community about the garden, its goals and mission,and what type of support, involvement, and time commitment is needed to makeit a success. You may want to conduct outreach by creating flyers and postingthem around the community, going door to door to talk to neighbors, setting up aninformal information table in front of a public space such as a library, or reachingout to others in an online forum.Consider local government, non-profit, and other community-support organizations in your community outreach as well. They may be able to help you gainsupport for the garden through other outlets and channels, provide materialsupport, offer technical assistance, and advise you on many aspects of gardenplanning, design, and implementation.Refer to Appendix A for a sample outreach flyer.Step Four: Establish a Formal OrganizationORCHARD COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTER CHICKENCOOP AND COMMUNITY PLOTS, PHOENIX, AZ,PHOTO BY AMANDA CLAYTONBefore you begin to choose a site, pursue a lease, or start managing the collectionof money and payment for application fees or deposits, you may want to considerformally organizing the garden. Many community gardens become Limited LiabilityCompanies (LLC) or non-profit corporations (note: non-profit corporations do notautomatically receive tax-exempt status from the IRS; you must apply for thisseparately). Organizing in this way allows the group to open a bank account andsign a lease under the umbrella of the organization. LLCs are so named becausethey limit the liability of the members in their activities – this means that individualmembers of the LLC are not held personally liable for debts incurred by the LLCor, often, legal judgments directed against the LLC. Also, organizing as a formalentity may convey other benefits, such as qualifying for more grants, tax breaks,or in-kind donations.The Arizona Corporation Commission manages formal organization of LLCs, nonprofit corporations, and other types of business entities. Find more informationabout the types of formal organization, frequently asked questions, and evene-file forms on their website at www.azcc.gov.10ARIZONA SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY GARDEN RESOURCE GUIDE
Step Five: Choose a Sitegardening. At the same time, having some shade for theplants and for gardeners is desirable. Is enough shadeavailable on the site as-is or will you need to add it? Visitthe site several times during different parts of the dayand year to determine if the site will receive enough sunand/or shade.When selecting a site for your community garden, it isnecessary to consider a variety of factors including landownership, current zoning, any utility easements, and wateraccess. Use the following series of questions to guide you inthe site selection process.nnDoes the lot have the appropriate zoning for acommunity garden? This is very important to determine before any further planning is done. Contact thelocal planning department for more information.What size is the lot? Will there be enough space forall of the gardeners, tools and tool sheds, composting,and communal spaces that you are envisioning? Is thereroom to grow?nIs there water access? Where does the water come from?Contact the local water department to determine whosupplies the water for the site and if the water is tested formicrobial and other contaminants by the supplier.nIs the lot two or more acres in size? In certain areas ofthe state, State law (1980 Groundwater Code) prohibitsthe use of water for growing food or plants for sale ontwo or more acres of land without specific water ri
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