Binita Gupta Intel Binita.gupta@intel March 2021 Doc .
March 2021doc.:IEEE 802.11-21/0408r05G and Wi-Fi RAN ConvergenceDate: March 8, 2021Authors:SubmissionNameCompanyAddress PhoneemailBinita GuptaIntelbinita.gupta@intel.comBruno TomasWBAbruno@wballiance.comNigel BirdOrangenigel.bird@orange.comBinita Gupta (Intel)
doc.:IEEE 802.11-21/0408r0March 2021Abstract This contribution is submitted as a companion document to the Liaison statementfrom WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) to IEEE 802.11 WG (Working Group)SubmissionBinita Gupta (Intel)
WBA & 5G WORK GROUPOverview to IEEEPMO – March 2021
WBA Roadmap 2021WBA WORK GROUPS & PROJECTS5GWork GroupIoTWork GroupNextGenWork GroupRoamingWork GroupTesting & InteroperabilityWork GroupLeading Wi-Fi and 5G RANConvergenceAugmenting Wi-Firole in IoTFast-tracking Wi-Fideployments for operatorsIncubating new businessopportunitiesAchieving interoperableWi-Fi services5G & Wi-Fi Convergence inPrivate 5G NetworksWi-Fi 6/6Efor Industrial IoTWi-Fi 6ERoaming EvolutionCaptive PortalTrialsPKI RadSecOnboarding EvolutionIn-Flight ConnectivityWi-Fi IMSI PrivacyProtectionRural Wi-FiIn-HomeStarts Q3/Q4Multi-AP SolutionsAR & VRRequirementsStarts Q4Wi-Fi SensingDeployment GuidelinesProfiles & RCOIsPrioritizationStarts Q1Trackside Connectivity& SpectrumOpenRoamingfor Private LTE/5GStarts Q4Starts Q3Wi-Fi & DevicesIdentificationIn progressPipeline projectWBA OpenRoamingTMTask GroupPolicy & Regulatory AffairsWork GroupMarketWork GroupWBA CertificationTask GroupDevelopment of standards, federationgovernance and trialsIndustry liaison and advocacy of WBAglobal programsMarketing activities and industrydisseminationAddressing interoperabilityto foster adoption
Role of Wi-Fi in 5G RoadmapUptake of Wi-Fi 6 and 5G NR based on the number of connections Business rationaleAccelerate Time to Market for 5Gwith Wi-Fi 6 & 6EFree, Global and Widely AvailableSpectrumImproves Return of Investment(ROI) for 5GLower Cost/Bit & Complementother 5G TechEnhanced Carrier Grade & CellularIntegrationSource: GSMA, EISG, IHS Markit
Wi-Fi & 5G RAN Convergence TrialsGlobal 5GArchitectureBuilding BlocksgNB(5G)AMF5G Coreng-eNB(LTE)UPF-ATSSSWi-FiWi-Fi Access ServiceDeliveryWBA Role: Use of an access-neutral mechanism End-to-end service delivery over Wi-Fi Verticals test plans and trials Network Manageability and Policy Control Enablement of Wi-Fi Only DevicesN3IWF/TNGFWi-Fi 5G RANConvergenceDriving requirements and early trials includingcoexistence mechanismssource: WBA 5G Work GroupWBA Role: Traffic Routing across Multiple Accesses EAP authentication framework WLAN Gateway Function (N3IWF/TNGF) ATSSS for traffic routing End-to-end QoS across 5G and Wi-FiKicking-off trialson Q2 2021
Call to ActionWBA ValuePropositionUnique test plansacross verticalsaligned with SP’sQ3Fast-trackdeployments andtime-to-market5G & Wi-Fi 6With WBAServicesinteroperabilityacross verticalsConvergencearchitecture &blueprintsOpenRoamingbridging the divideJoin us!https://wballiance.com/resource
Thank YouTHANK YOUBruno Tomas - WBA PMObruno@wballiance.comEngage on projects via WBA extranet PMO contact: pmo@wballiance.com
5G WORKGROUP OVERVIEWIEEE 802.118 March 2021
5G Workgroup – Story So Far5G Work Group 2017 2021 DeliveriesWBA storyline since 2017work inception:1. 5G Networks – The Role ofWi-Fi and UnlicensedTechnologies2. Network Slicing for 5G – WiFi Capabilities3. Unlicensed Integration with5G Networks4. WBA & NGMN RANConvergence paper5. NEW - 5G and Wi-Fi RANConvergenceNext Steps:Next project –5G and Wi-FiConvergence inPrivate 5GNetworks
5G Workgroup – Story Today – 5G & Wi-Fi RAN ConvergenceNext:5G Work Group 2020 DeliverableWhitepaperSectionsOverview
5G and Wi-Fi RAN Convergence: Section DescriptionThree Main Parts:Part I (Chapter 2): 3GPP state-of-the-art of integrating WLAN with the 3GPP 5G system Release 15 and 16. WLAN integration architecture, related features, functions, policies and associated procedures.Part II (Chapter 3): Identifies key challenges and gaps in current 3GPP-defined solutions to supportinterworking between WLAN and 3GPP 5G system Suggests high-level solutions to address some of the identified gap items.Part III (Chapter 4 & 5): Provides recommendations and next steps for the industry and the relevantstandard bodies to address the key challenges and gaps related to the 5G and WiFi convergence.
5G and Wi-Fi RAN Convergence: Summary and RecommendationsKey Messages Covered: 5G and Wi-Fi Convergence Architecture ATSSS Multi-Access Steering Functionality End-to-end QoS Support Policy Interworking and Enhancements across 5G and Wi-FiSupport for Wi-Fi only devices
5G and Wi-Fi RAN Convergence - PresenterOur presenter, and paper Editor, will cover the technical areas as follows:Whitepaper Editor: Binita Gupta (Intel)Integration Architecture, Wi-Fi Only Devices, 3GPP ATSSS MultiAccess Functionality, Policy Interworking and End-to-end QoS5G Work Group Co-ChairsCo-Chair: Florin Baboescu (Broadcom)Co-Chair: Mark Grayson (Cisco)
IEEE 802.11 Plenary, WNG SC SessionMarch 8th, 20215G and Wi-Fi RAN ConvergenceIntegration Architecture, Wi-Fi Only Devices,ATSSS Multi-Access Functionality,Policy interworking, End-to-end QoSBinita Gupta, Systems ArchitectIntel Corporation
5G and Wi-Fi Convergence OpportunitiesBusiness DriversApplications and VerticalsUbiquitous Wi-Fi devicesSignificant Wi-Fi AdvancementsLower TCOEnterprise/RetailHealthcareSmart CitiesIndustry 4.0AR/VRLogistics/Supply ChainHigher Network CapacityImproved ReliabilitySeamless MobilityWBA’s 5G and Wi-Fi RAN Convergence paper aims to educate the industry onconvergence solutions and highlights associated challenges for the industry to address
5G and Wi-Fi Integration Architecture (1/2)3GPP Releases 15/16 define architecture for WLAN integration and support UEs connecting to 5Gcore over WLAN access, without requiring primary connectivity over cellular accessUntrusted WLAN integration: Loose coupling over generic IP (Y2)between untrusted WLAN access andN3IWFIPsec tunnel between UE and N3IWF(NWu) – applies encryption forsecure transport of signaling & dataN1AMF5G Core NetworkUEgNB (5G RAN)WLAN AP/WLCN3IWFWi-Fi Only UEs need to be 5Gcapable (support 5G NAS)N3UPFDataNetworkNWuN3IWF: Non-3GPP Interworking FunctionAMF: Access and Mobility Management FunctionUPF: User Plane FunctionNAS: Non-Access Stratumsource: WBA 5G Work Group
5G and Wi-Fi Integration Architecture (2/2)TNGF: Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway FunctionTrusted WLAN integration:N1AMF Tight coupling between trusted WLANaccess and gateway functions TNGF & TWIFWLAN layer-2 authentication gets tied to akey derived from UE 5G core authentication5G Core NetworkUETrustedWLAN AP/WLCIPsec tunnel between UE and TNGF withNULL encryption applied (NWt), avoidingdouble encryption Non 5G Capable UEs supported via TWIF AAA-based interfaces Ta and Yw betweenWLAN access and gateway functionsgNB (5G RAN)TaN3TNGFUPFDataNetworkNWt5G Capable UEsTWIF: Trusted WLAN Interworking FunctionN5CW: Non-5G-Capable over WLANN1AMF5G Core NetworkN5CWUETrustedWLAN AP/WLCTWIFN3UPFDataNetworkNon 5G Capable UEssource: WBA 5G Work Group
Trusted WLAN Access Selection (1/2)Trusted WLAN access discovery using802.11 ANQP Example Scenario 1: Gateway functions deployed as part of WLAN Access NetworkUsing ANQP a WLAN access can providethe list of PLMNs with which trusted 5Gconnectivity is supportedANQP provided PLMNs:PLMN List-3 (5G Connectivity): PLMN-aANQPServerPLMN List-3: list of PLMNs with trusted 5Gconnectivity through TNGFPLMN List-4: list of PLMNs with trusted 5Gconnectivity through TWIFUEANQPWLAN AccessNetwork 1(SSID x1)Trusted WLANAP/WLC5G Core NetworkPLMN-aTNGFUE follows steps below: Using ANQP, UE queries PLMNs with whichtrusted 5G connectivity is supported UE selects a PLMN to connect from the listof available PLMNs (per 3GPP procedure) UE selects a WLAN access providing trusted5G connectivity to selected PLMNANQPServerN5CWUEWLAN AccessNetwork 2(SSID x2)TNGFTrusted WLANAP/WLC5G Core NetworkPLMN-bTWIFANQP provided PLMNs:PLMN List-3 (5G Connectivity): PLMN-a, PLMN-bPLMN List-4 (5G Connectivity without NAS): PLMN-bANQP: Access Network Query Protocolsource: WBA 5G Work Group
Trusted WLAN Access Selection (2/2)Example Scenario 2: Gateway functions deployed as part of the 5G CoreANQP provided PLMNs:PLMN List-3 (5G Connectivity): PLMN-aANQPServerUEANQPWLAN AccessNetwork 1(SSID x1)Trusted WLANAP/WLCTaTNGFANQPServerN5CWUETNGF5G Core NetworkPLMN-a5G Core NetworkPLMN-bTrusted WLANAP/WLCTWIFWLAN AccessNetwork 2(SSID x2)ANQP provided PLMNs:PLMN List-3 (5G Connectivity): PLMN-a, PLMN-bPLMN List-4 (5G Connectivity without NAS): PLMN-bsource: WBA 5G Work Group
WLAN Access Integration – Control PlaneSignaling IPsec SA for control plane:Control plane for Signaling IPsec SA for Trusted WLAN Signaling IPsec SA created between UE and N3IWF/TNGF Vendor specific EAP-5G method defined forencapsulating 5G NAS messagesEAP-AKA or5G-AKAEAP-AKA or5G-AKANASNAS For trusted WLAN, a key from TNGF/TWIF used as PMKfor the 802.11 4-way handshake for WLAN securityEAP-5GEAPoLWLANAccessControl plane for Signaling IPsec SA for Untrusted WLANUERelayEAP-5GEAPoL ed WLAN APTNGFAMFNWtEAP-AKA or5G-AKAEAP-AKA or5G-AKANASEAP-5GIKEv2IKEv2IPUEN2Control plane over Trusted WLAN before UE is assigned IP Untrusted WLAN werlayersTrusted WLAN APLowerlayersTNGFNWtN2stackN2stackN2AMFControl plane over Trusted WLAN after UE is assigned IP addressIKEv2: Internet Key Exchange Version 2SA: Security Associationsource: WBA 5G Work Group
WLAN Access Integration – User PlaneEstablishment of User Plane IPsec child SAIPsec child SAs for user plane: PDU session establishment over WLANaccess is based on procedure definedover 3GPP access Multi-access PDU session to carry userdata over both 3GPP and WLAN access One or more IPsec child SAs createdbetween N3IWF/TNGF and UE to carryuser data over WLAN N3IWF/TNGF determine how to map 5GQoS flow(s) to IPsec child SAsUser data packets get encapsulated inGRE yersUntrusted WLAN AP/Trusted WLAN FUser plane for transport of data over WLAN AccessPDULayerPDU LayerRelayGREGREInner IPIPsecInner IPIPsec(tunnel mode)(tunnel ted WLAN AP/Trusted WLAN APGRE: Generic Routing rlayersNWu/NWtN3IWF/TNGFN3UPFN9UPF(PSA)source: WBA 5G Work Group
Key Hierarchy for Trusted WLAN Access Further study needed to examine any impact of the5G Trusted WLAN Access key hierarchy on the802.11r Fast BSS Transition key hierarchyComparing Trusted WLAN Access key hierarchy with 802.11i key hierarchy802.11i Key HierarchyPassphrasePre-Shared Key - PSK802.1X AuthenticationMaster Session Key - MSKPairwise Master Key - PMK802.11 4-wayhandshakePairwise Temporal Key - PTKsource: WBA 5G Work GroupKey Hierarchy forTrusted WLAN Access5G AKA AuthenticationTNGF Key – KTNGF orTWIF Key – KTWIFTNAP Key – KTNAP(used as PMK)802.11 4-wayhandshakePairwise Temporal Key - PTKTNAP: Trusted Non-3GPP Access PointFigure 12-32, IEEE P802.11-REVmd D5.0
Enhancements to Support Trusted WLAN IntegrationTrusted WLAN Access SelectionSupport for EAP-5GSupport using TNAP key as PMKDiscover using ANQP the list ofPLMNs with which trusted 5Gconnectivity is supported by WLANaccess and select a PLMN to connect.WLAN AP and STA need to supportfiltering EAP-5G protocol messagesand pass to gateway functions and3GPP access, respectively.WLAN AP and STA need to supportusing the TNAP key generated fromthe TNGF or TWIF Key as the PMK for802.11 4-way handshake.**Support for Ta and Yw InterfacesGenerate 3GPP specific NAIWLAN/3GPP UE side integrationWLAN AP/WLC need to support Taand Yw AAA-based interfaces tointegrate with TNGF and gatewayfunctions.*WLAN STA needs to provide 3GPPspecific NAI to trigger connectivityvia TNGF/TWIF.Need UE side integration betweenWLAN STA and 3GPP to passdiscovered trusted WLAN networks,TNAP key and EAP-5G messages." any non null string @nai.5gc.mnc MNC .mcc MCC .3gppnetwork.org"NAI: Network Address Identifier*Standardization of Ta and Yw interfaces can provide improved integration of WLAN access with 5G System**Need further study on any impact to 802.11r key hierarchysource: WBA 5G Work Group
Support for Wi-Fi Only DevicesWi-Fi Only devices with USIM capability:N1 Such devices supported by the 5G Core Authenticated using SIM-credential basedauth. methods EAP-AKA’ or 5G-AKA Both 5G Capable and Non-5G-Capable Wi-FiOnly UEs with SIM are supportedAMF5G Core NetworkUEWi-Fi5G capable Wi-Fi only UEs need to support 5Gcontrol plane and user plane functionsTrustedWLAN AP/WLCN3IWF/TNGFN3UPFDataNetworkNWt5G Capable UEs EAP-5G, IKEv2, IPsec/ESP and 5G NAS protocolsfor 5G control plane functions GRE and IPsec/ESP protocols for 5G user planetransportN1AMF5G Core NetworkMost Wi-Fi only devices do not includeUSIM – need support for non-SIM devicesN5CWUETrustedWLAN AP/WLCTWIFNon 5G Capable UEsN3UPFDataNetworksource: WBA 5G Work Group
Support for Wi-Fi Only Devices w/o USIMN1Requires support for EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLSAMFEAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS Support for non-IMSI based identity andcertificate based auth methods EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS Current 3GPP specs define EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS forprivate networks (NPN) over 3GPP access only5G CoreNetworkUEWi-Fi3GPP support for NPN over WLAN accessTrustedWLAN AP/WLCN3IWF/TNGFN3NWtSNPN: Standalone Non-Public NetworkAUSF: Authentication Server Function Define EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLS procedure for NPNover WLAN accessN1N5CWUEWi-FiTrustedWLAN AP/WLCDataNetworkUPF 3GPP specs need to define access to NPN overWLAN access via N3IWF/TNGF/TWIFUp to operators to support EAP-TLS/EAP-TTLSsupport over PLMNs for Wi-Fi only devicesAUSF(SNPN)AMF5G NetworkEnabling Wi-Fi only devices w/o USIM can expand reach of 5G services and applicationsto many more devices across enterprises and verticalssource: WBA 5G Work Group
Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting (1/2)ATSSS feature provides support for MultiAccess PDU (MA PDU) session ATSSS ArchitectureEnables PDU data delivery over 3GPP andWLAN access simultaneouslyWhen UE registered over both access, userplane resources established over both MPTCP functionality for TCP traffic, withMPTCP converter proxy in UPFATSSS-LL functionality for all traffic typesincluding TCP, UDP, ethernet trafficUE/UPF may support one or more steeringfunctionality. ATSSS-LL is mandatory forethernet PDU sessionPerformance Measurement Function (PMF)supported for ATSSS-LL access3GPP ionalitySMFN2N2Support for two steering functionalities Non-3GPP AccessN3N6Data NetworkPMFUPFATSSS: Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splittingsource: WBA 5G Work Group
Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting (2/2)ATSSS RulesATSSS Steering Functionalities at the UESteering Mode – traffic distribution policy over 3GPPand non-3GPP access Active Standby: Steer traffic on the Active access,when the Active access becomes unavailable switchto Standby accessSmallest Delay: Steer traffic to the access withsmallest RTT delayLoad Balancing: Split traffic across both accessbased on percentage specifiedPriority Based: Steer traffic to high-priority access,until that access gets congested. Then steer trafficalso to the low-priority accessSteering Functionality – MPTCP or ATSSS-LLfunctionality used to steer the matching trafficRelease 17 eATSSS: Adding support for new multi-access steeringfunctionality using MPQUICsource: WBA 5G Work Group
Complex Coexistence of PoliciesBlurring between Wi-Fi and 5G creates opportunities for Wi-Fi, but complicates policy decisions Access selection (ANDSP), Pre-establishment (URSP) and Multi-path policy (ATSSS)Large number of policy stakeholders (device OEM, app providers, end user, service provider and enterprise IT)source: WBA 5G Work Group
End-to-end QoS over WLAN Access5G QoS Model Applied over WLAN Access5G QoS model over WLAN access: 3GPP 5G QoS model is also appliedwhen traffic is carried over WLANaccessQoS Flow (identified by QFI) is thefinest granularity of QoSdifferentiationAMF/SMFQoS ProfilePDRsApp data packetsQoS Flow(identified by QFI)IPsec child SAestablishmentStandardized 5QI values defined forfrequently used services5G QoS flows get mapped to IPsecchild SAs when carried over WLANaccessQoS RulesMapping QoSflows to IPsecchild SAs5QI (5G QoS Identifier) valueidentifies QoS characteristics for aQoS flow QoS Rules(mapping ULpackets toQoS flows) App data packetsPDU SessionPDRs(mapping appdata packetsto QoS flows)IPsec child SA 1UPFIPsec child SA 2UEControl planeWLAN AP/WLCData planeN3IWF/TNGF5G Core NetworkSMF: Session Management FunctionQFI: QoS Flow IdentifierPDR: Packet Detection Rulesource: WBA 5G Work Group
QoS Differentiation over WLAN Access To support end-to-end QoS, need QoS differentiation for 5G flows over WLAN access per 5GQoS characteristics and parameters Two approaches to provide QoS management for 5G flows within WLAN access:1) DSCP based QoS Mapping2) IPsec SA based QoS Management QoS differentiation done based on identifyingand prioritizing IPsec child SAs carrying 5G flows WLAN STA initiates QoS Traffic Stream setup forIPsec child SAs using EDCA admission control Applicable for WLAN integration architecture viaN3IWF and TNGF QoS differentiation done based onDSCP marking in the IP header forUL and DL data packetsApplicable across all types of WLANintegration architecture (via N3IWF,TNGF and TWIF)source: WBA 5G Work Group
DSCP based QoS Mapping 5QI to DSCP mapping done at the N3IWF/TNGF (for DL) and at the UE (for UL)DSCP markings get mapped to 802.11 UP/AC on WLAN AP (for DL) and STA (for UL)Gaps and enhancements needed: Standardized 5QI values to DSCPmapping not defined5G CoreUEUL: 5QI toDSCP mapping3GPPStackN3 IETF draft-henry-tsvwg-diffserv-to-qci-04defines a mapping but it has expired GSMA IR.34 defines mapping for LTE QCIsbut not for 5G Support for tagging 5G data packetswith appropriate DSCP for UL/DL Define mapping between updated setof DSCP values to 802.11 UP/ACAMF3GPPRANN2UL: DSCP to802.11 QoSDL: DSCP to802.11 UP/ACmappingDiffServQoSN3UPFDL: 5QI to DSCPmappingsource: WBA 5G Work Group
IPsec SA based QoS Management 5G QoS parameters and IPsec SA info for child SAs sent to WLAN STA on the UEWLAN STA maps 5G QoS parameters to 802.11 TSPEC, UP/AC and creates TCLAS from IPsec SA info and initiates QoSTraffic Stream setup for IPsec child SAs using EDCA admission controlWFA OCE project is addressing IPsec SA based QoS management within WLANGaps and enhancements needed:UE 3GPPStack UE integration to pass IPsec SA and5G QoS info to WLAN STAMapping of 5G QoS parameters to802.11 TSPEC parameters for WLANQoS Traffic Stream setup Determine 802.11 UP/AC based on5G QoS parameters (or DSCP) TCLAS element to specify filtering forIPsec SA traffic5G CoreAMF3GPPRANN35G QoS InfoIPsec SA InfoDSCPUL: 5G QoS to802.11 UP/ACmapping forIPsec SAN2WLANSTA802.11 EDCA QoSManagement forIPsec SAWLANAccess802.11QoSN3IWF orTNGFN3UPFDL: IPsec SAtraffic mappedto 802.11 UP/ACsource: WBA 5G Work Group
Fine Grain QoS for 5G Flows IEEE 802.11ax has added several new capabilities such as TWT, scheduling, OFDMA and MUMIMO IEEE 802.11be includes features like Multi-link operation, Multi-AP and TSN support TSPEC enhancements being considered Further study needed on how 802.11ax resource scheduling can provide fine grain QoS for5G flows based on 5G QoS characteristics (5QI) and parameters For 802.11be, QoS enhancements
doc.:IEEE 802.11-21/0408r0 Submission 5G and Wi-Fi RAN Convergence Date: March 8, 2021 Authors: Name Company Address Phone email Binita Gupta Intel binita.gupta@intel.com Bruno Tomas WBA bruno@wballian
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