10/12/2020 Midterm Evaluation Of Light-Duty Vehicle .

10/12/2020Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025 Regulations for Emission An official website of the United States government.We've made some changes to EPA.gov. If the information you arelooking for is not here, you may be able to find it on the EPA WebArchive or the January 19, 2017 Web Snapshot.CloseMidterm Evaluation of Light-Duty VehicleGreenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for ModelYears 2022-2025Related TopicsRegulations for GHG emissions from passenger cars & trucksFuel EconomyLight-duty models for GHG emissionsYou will need Free Viewers and Adobe Reader to view some of the fileson this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more.On this page:OverviewMid-term Evaluation Final DeterminationMid-term Evaluation ProcessPrevious StepsProposed DeterminationDraft Technical Assessment ReportEPA Technical Projects to Inform the Midterm EvaluationEPA Publications Informing the Midterm EvaluationEPA Presentations Regarding the Midterm light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas1/13

10/12/2020Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025 Regulations for Emission As part of the 2012 rulemaking establishing the model year (MY) 2017-2025light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) standards, EPA made a regulatorycommitment to conduct a Midterm Evaluation (MTE) of the standards for MY2022-2025. As a part of this process, EPA examed a wide range of factors, such asdevelopments in powertrain technology, vehicle electrification, light-weightingand vehicle safety impacts, the penetration of fuel efficient technologies in themarketplace, consumer acceptance of fuel efficient technologies, trends in fuelprices and the vehicle fleet, employment impacts, and many others.EPA’s regulations require several formal steps in the MTE process, includingopportunities for public input.Step 1: Draft Technical Assessment Report (TAR) issued jointly with theNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and theCalifornia Air Resources Board (CARB) with opportunity for publiccomment. (July 2016)Step 2: The Former EPA Administrator made a Proposed Determinationwith opportunity for public comment. (November 2016) (This step wasreevaluated under the direction of former EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt)Step 3: The EPA Administrator must make a final determination withregard to whether the standards remain appropriate or should be changed byApril 1, 2018.Mid-term Evaluation Final DeterminationOn April 2, 2018, the Administrator signed the Mid-term Evaluation FinalDetermination which finds that the model year 2022-2025 greenhouse gasstandards are not appropriate in light of the record before EPA and, therefore,should be revised. The Federal Register Notice announcing the Administrator’sdecision is available for review below.Federal Register Notice: Mid-term Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas EmissionsStandards for Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicles (PDF)(11 pp, 634 K, published April 13, 2018, About PDF)The Mid-term Evaluation ProcessReconsideration of the Midterm Evaluation Final DeterminationOn March 15, 2017, former EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt and Department ofTransportation Secretary Elaine Chao announced that EPA intended to reconsiderthe final determination, issued on January 12, 2017, that recommended no changeto the greenhouse gas standards for light duty vehicles for model years 20222025. EPA announced it woud reconsider that determination in coordination ty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas2/13

10/12/2020Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025 Regulations for Emission The Mid-term Evaluation process was established as a part of the 2012 finalGHG emissions standards for model years 2017-2025, requiring EPA to determineno later than April 1, 2018, whether the standards for model years 2022-2025established are appropriate. In accord with this schedule, EPA announced thatit intended to make a new Final Determination regarding the appropriateness ofthe standards no later than April 1, 2018.Federal Register Notice: Notice of Intention to Reconsider the FinalDetermination of the Mid-Term Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas EmissionsStandards for Model Year 2022-2025 Light Duty Vehicles(PDF) ( 2 pp, 185 K, published March 22, 2017 )Alliance of Auto Manufacturers Letter to former Administrator PruittEXITEPA provided opportunities for the public to comment on itsreconsideration of the previous Mid-term Evaluation determination, with apublic comment period that closed on October 5, 2017 and a public hearingheld on September 6, 2017 in Washington DC. Comments and the hearingtranscripts are available at www.regulations.gov in public docket EPA-HQOAR-2015-0827.Previous Steps in the Midterm Evaluation ProcessOn January 12, 2017, Administrator Gina McCarthy signed her determination tomaintain the current GHG emissions standards for model year (MY) 2022-2025vehicles. Her final determination found that automakers are well positioned tomeet the standards at lower costs than previously estimated.Highlights of Administrator McCarthy's January 2017 Final DeterminationAutomakers have a wide range of technology pathways available to meetthe MY2022-2025 standards, at slightly lower per-vehicle costs thanpreviously predicted. The standards are achievable with very lowpenetration of strong hybrids, electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electricvehicles, consistent with the findings of a comprehensive 2015 NationalAcademy of Sciences study.The standards will save consumers money, significantly reduce GHGemissions and fuel consumption, and provide benefits to the health andwelfare of Americans.Automakers have outperformed the standards for the first four years of theprogram (MY2012-2015) and manufacturers are adopting fuel efficienttechnologies at unprecedented rates, all while vehicle sales have increasedfor 7 consecutive years.Administrator McCarty's determination was based on an extensive technicalrecord, created over 8 years of research, review of several hundred publishedreports, hundreds of stakeholder meetings, and multiple opportunities for thepublic to provide input. This Final Determination follows the November 2016release of EPA’s Proposed Determination and the July 2016 release of a DraftTechnical Assessment Report (TAR), issued jointly by the EPA, the -vehicle-greenhouse-gas3/13

10/12/2020Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025 Regulations for Emission Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and the California AirResources Board (CARB). EPA provided opportunities for public comment forboth the Draft TAR and the Proposed Determination.Cover Letter -- EPA Administrator’s signed Cover Letter to the FinalDetermination.Final Determination Document -- Final Determination on the Appropriateness ofthe Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas EmissionsStandards under the Midterm Evaluation(PDF) (33 pp, 560 K, January 2017, EPA-420-R-17-001).Response to Comments Document -- Final Determination on the Appropriatenessof the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas EmissionsStandards under the Midterm Evaluation: Response to Comments(PDF) (174 pp, 1.58 MB, January 2017, EPA-420-R-17-002).Proposed DeterminationOn November 30, 2016, Administrator McCarthy proposed to determine that theMY 2022-2025 standards remain appropriate and that a rulemaking to changethem is not warranted. This proposed determination was based on the robusttechnical record including the draft TAR, input from the auto industry and otherstakeholders, and updated analyses. The public comment period for this proposeddetermination ended on December 30, 2016.Highlights of the Proposed DeterminationAuto manufacturers can meet the MY 2022-2025 standards at slightly lowerper-vehicle costs than predicted in the TAR, and lower costs than predictedin the 2012 rulemaking that established the standards.The current standards will save consumers money and provide benefits tothe health and welfare of Americans.Automakers have a wide range of technology pathways available to meetthe standards. Standards are achievable with very low penetration of stronghybrids, electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This findingis consistent with the conclusions the National Academy of Sciences foundin a comprehensive 2015 study.Automakers have outperformed the standards for the first four years of theprogram (MY2012-2015) and manufacturers are adopting fuel efficienttechnologies at unprecedented rates, all while vehicle sales have increasedfor 6 consecutive years. There are over 100 car, SUV, and pickup versionson the market today that already meet 2020 or later standards.Cover Letter –- EPA Administrator’s signed Cover Letter to the ProposedDetermination.Proposed Determination Document -- Proposed Determination on theAppropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicle GreenhouseGas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation hicle-greenhouse-gas4/13

10/12/2020Midterm Evaluation of Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Years 2022-2025 Regulations for Emission (268 pp, 6.38 MB, EPA-420-R-16-020, November 2016)Technical Support Document to the Proposed Determination -- ProposedDetermination on the Appropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-dutyVehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation:Technical Support Document(PDF) (719 pp, 18 MB, EPA-420-R-16-021, November 2016)Notice of Availability of a Proposed Order: Proposed Determination on theAppropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicle GreenhouseGas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation(PDF) (2 pp, 199 K, published December 6, 2016)For additional documents supporting EPA’s analyses for the ProposedDetermination, see the Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis(ALPHA) Tool and the Optimization Model for reducing Emissions ofGreenhouse gases from Automobiles (OMEGA) pages.Draft Technical Assessment Report (TAR)EPA, NHTSA, and CARB jointly issued a Draft TAR for public comment in July2016. The Draft TAR was a technical report, not a decision document, andexamined a wide range of issues relevant to the 2022-2025 standards.Highlights of the Draft Technical Assessment Report:Automakers are innovating in a time of record sales and fuel economylevels. The results of the Draft TAR show that manufacturers are adoptingfuel economy technologies at unprecedented rates. Car makers andsuppliers have developed far more innovative technologies to improve fueleconomy and reduce GHG emissions than anticipated just a few years ago.Our new analysis shows that the standards can be met largely withmore efficient gasoline powered cars – we continue to project that onlymodest penetration of hybrids and only low levels of electric vehiclesare needed to meet the standards. The Draft TAR shows thatmanufacturers can meet the current standards for MY 2022-2025 withconventional gasoline vehicles that use internal combustion engines withwell-understood technologies. This is consistent with what the NationalAcademies of Science found in a comprehensive 2015 study. Manufacturerscan meet the standards at similar or even lower costs than what wasanticipated in the 2012 rulemaking with substantial fuel savings payback toconsumers.The National Program preserves consumer choice, even as it protectsthe environment and reduces fuel consumption. The National Program isdesigned to ensure that consumers can continue to buy the differing types ofvehicles they need, from compact cars, to SUVs, to larger trucks suitablefor towing and carrying heavy loads. Owners of every type of new vehicle-greenhouse-gas5/13